by Stanley B. Gershwin, David M. Orlicki. / Bibliography: p. 58-59. / "March 1982." / U. S. Department of Transportation Contract DOT-TSC-RSPA-81-9

Os terminais aeroportuários de passageiros, como um tipo de edifício que nasceu há apenas um século, têm se apresentado, ao longo do tempo, através de soluções muito diversificadas, que revelam a grande dificuldade de se ajustar às necessidades impostas pela aviação e o transporte aéreo em sua extraordinária e contínua evolução, desde os primeiros tempos até os dias atuais. Os principais tipos de solução que foram se cristalizando nesse período e aos quais se está designando como conceitos operacionais, representam um significativo patrimônio técnico e constituem-se em bases iniciais importantes para a arquitetura dos terminais aeroportuários. No entanto, os conceitos operacionais não abrangem todos os aspectos que dizem respeito à disciplina arquitetura, tanto em âmbito geral, quanto no que especificamente se relaciona com esse tipo de edifício. Muitos outros aspectos devem ser considerados, entre os quais, destacam-se os relacionados com a identidade e o lugar que, mais do que em qualquer outro tipo de edifício, devem estar presentes na arquitetura dos terminais de passageiros. / Airport passenger terminals, even though a building type born only one hundred years ago, have been the target, throughout the time, of much different solutions, a fact that reveal the great difficulties to adjust to aviation and air transport demands in constant and extraordinary evolution, from the early years to nowadays. The most meaningful design solutions that have been consolidated in time, which have been established as functional concepts, offer an important technical legacy, as well as starting points for the architectural decisions concerning passenger terminals. However, these concepts cannot enclose all aspects regarding to the architectural problem of airport passenger terminals. Many other aspects must be taken into consideration, especially those related to the concepts of identity and place, which must be present in the architecture of passenger terminals, more than in the architecture of any other building type.

M.Com. (Transport Economics) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Accidents involving passenger trains happen regularly in India. The reasons for such accidents could be many; such as weather and flooding, faulty tracks, bridge collapse, collisions caused by signaling errors, mechanical failures, driver error, sabotage etc. The annual accident-related deaths as a percentage of the total number of passengers carried by Indian Railway may seem to be negligible, but the aim should be to achieve zero fatality as every single person killed is an irreplaceable loss to his/her family. It needs to be mentioned that in addition to fatalities for which exact numbers are not available, serious injuries and permanent disabilities caused by train accidents in India at present stand completely unaccounted for. In the absence of a large scale renovation and crash avoidance measures coupled with the propensity to increase the number of trains every year, enhancing passive safety is crucial i.e. crashworthiness and occupant safety of passenger coaches of Indian trains. In the current work, crashworthiness and occupant safety of the existing typical three-tier cabin passenger coach of Indian Railway in an event of collision accident are assessed with the aid of a finite element analysis. In the light of the published work on research in railroad equipment crashworthiness, the current work is intended to envisage the methodology to assess the Indian Railway passenger coach from the point of view of the crashworthiness and occupant safety using CAE (Computer aided engineering) based approach. It is involved with an extensive study of the structural crush behavior of an individual passenger coach car and its effect on the interaction between occupants and the coach interior. Here the structural crush behavior of a typical three-tier cabin passenger coach is evaluated for the head-on impact against a fixed and rigid barrier. The occupant response for the same scenario is also studied which can be viewed as a component of the actual occupant response due to the structural crush behavior of the passenger coach. This can give useful estimates of injury severity and fatalities that may occur in actual accidents. An FE model of the passenger coach structure was built and validated using International Railway Union (UIC) specified code OR 567-design requirements in terms of static loads constituting structural proof cases. These proof cases specify the static load values the coach body structure should withstand without any permanent deformation or failure when applied at the specified locations on the structural ends across the longitudinal axis. In addition, a favorable correlation between the simulation and actual experiment for drop impact behavior of the open section specimens, namely C-section and I-section, was obtained to validate the simulation methodology. LS-DYNA a nonlinear dynamic explicit FE solver was used to carry out all the dynamic impact simulations involved in the current work. The material modeling takes into account the strain rate effect which is essential for the material impact behavior study. The contact modeling was done using penalty contact method. The degrading effect of the buffer on the structural crush patterns which induced the undesirable global bending and jackknifing of the whole coach structure was demonstrated with the help of dynamic impact simulations of the coach structure. The quantification of occupant injury was done by occupant safety simulations using the Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy FE model. The dummy having been designed for simulating automobile accident scenarios, its contacts had to be adapted to suit the excessive mobility conditions in the coach interior. The dummy was revalidated successfully for the head drop test, pendulum chest impact test, neck flexion and extension test and knee impact test. Impact simulations for three different speeds were performed by positioning the dummy close to the impact point. Injury criteria such as Head Injury Criterion, Chest Deceleration, Knee force level and Neck extension-flexion moments were used to estimate the injury severity level and fatality rate.

This Master Thesis focuses on the American railroads as a whole. It describes the evolution of the railroads and the on-going transformation of its importance in comparison with other means of transport. Further, there are described 5 major railway companies and the state owned company Amtrak, which focuses on passenger transport. The analysis elaborates on the topic of competitivness of Amtrak in various corridors. The author is seeking the answer to the question: Is there a possible gap in the passenger transport market that Amtrak can fill?

The purpose of this thesis is charting and analyzing railway services integrated to Prague's public transportation system. Its current integration and effiency will be evaluated based on a study of professional literature and after that, changes and optimizations will be proposed in order to increase the transportation quality. "I'm looking towards inspiration from foreign train lines as well as with opinions of travelers and commuters.

In today’s rapid development in world and globalization, transportation had become an important aspect in life. People transport through means of air, water and land. This made drastic increase of transportation and as a result the pollution levels are increased and so does the deaths due to accidents. So, the world is fighting to reduce the pollution and deaths due to accidents. In case of pollution, more refined engines, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles and in recent hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are introduced where this leads to minimum or zero air pollution and as a result pollution emitted from vehicles will be reduced. In case of deaths due to accidents, they are reduced by adding more safety features and increasing the quality of the vehicles. Even after these improvements, accidents do happen around the globe and lives are lost due to it. Now even after an accident happens on road, there are chances that a passerby or cameras inform to the concerned authorities and then emergency services will be reached to the accident spot in no time. In case of air accidents, there are maximum chances of the flight landing on the ground safely and emergency services reach as soon as possible and in rare cases the plane explodes and we can’t help during those times. Now coming to ship accidents, they happen far from the land, even though there will be lot of time for the ship to sink in water in worst cases but the emergency services takes much time to reach them as the accident spot will be far from land. So, considering these factors lifeboats are installed in the ships and the passengers are evacuated from ship with the help of lifeboats. But the main problem even after lifeboat is, panic among the passengers; they fight for occupying the lifeboats and this creates chaos situation and as a result more lives are lost. Hence the solution to this problem is discussed in this thesis. The solution to this problem is building the passenger rooms or cabins in such a way that, they can be uninstalled from the ship and safely land on to the water and act as a lifeboat. In this case the passengers can go back to their allotted rooms and can be safe inside without any chaos. Hereby it can be concluded that with the help of this solution, the marine industry can develop economically and also people will board into ships without any fear of them drowning in the water.

Cruising, a ten million plus passenger, multi-billion dollar, world-wide industry, is one of tourism's fastest growing sectors. With many new ships entering the market each year, ships must capture the public imagination in order to compete. Over the years the ships that have done this have become legends. This study investigates the qualities necessary for a passenger ship to be identified as a legendary ship and asks how companies make their ships stand out as legends. This study proposes that legendary ships, "grand hotels of the sea," are extensions of other hospitality and tourism legends. Using the Grounded Theory Approach, in which the theory emerges from data, notable ships and their properties were identified from the literature. Integration of categories, factors, and their constituent properties under a Constant Comparative Method created a model of the legendary ship. A Delphi Panel tested and confirmed these properties as well as the study's initial model. It also produced a pool of legendary ships and additional properties. The results were further validated by the passenger shipping public using a world-wide electronic survey. Respondents rated intangible properties such as "External Appearance," "Internal Layout," "Quality of Service and Cuisine," "Funnel Design and Shape," "Repeat Passenger Patronage," "Legacy," "History," "Media Attention," "Speed," "Marine Technology," and "Route;" and the tangible properties of "Facilities, Fittings, and Furnishings," "Size," "Speed," "Marine Technology," and "Non Marine Technology," on their importance and named up to ten ships they considered legendary. Factor analysis was used to divide the properties into four composite factors - "Attractiveness," "Significance," "Power," and "Competitive Advantage." Cluster analysis of the ships produced four legend classifications - "Grand Legends," "Legends," "Demi Legends," and "Personal/Local Legends." Results confirmed the thesis that legendary status is based on superiority across a combination of factors. Those with more intangible properties were found to be stronger, with "Attractiveness," and "Significance" being the strongest. Significantly, no modern cruise ships placed in the top three legend classifications; except Queen Mary 2, built, marketed, and viewed as an ocean liner; indicating that the public views ocean liners and cruise ships as distinct entities. / Ph. D.

No description available.

No description available.