Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-07, Section: B, page: 4054. Adviser: Benjamin C. Amick. Includes bibliographical references.

This Diploma Thesis bears the theme ?Attitudes of the Pub And Restaurant Employees to the Passive Smoking Problem ? Awareness, Health Influences, Regulation?. The smoking related illnesses and deaths constitute the most difficult problem of the public health care in most countries where smoking is a common habit. Health harm risk owing to tobacco smoke is not limited to smokers only, however even those are exposed to such a harm who inhale the tobacco smoke involuntarily ? ?passive smokers?. The aim of this Thesis was so map the problem and influence of the passive smoking in the environment of pubs and restaurants in České Budějovice. To reach this target, both quantitative and qualitative approach of investigation was used. Respecting the quantitative research via the questionnaire method there were three hypotheses to be defined: ?There is no significant difference between awareness of the passive smoking impacts between the employees of smoking and non-smoking pubs and restaurants?, ?The motivation of pubs and restaurants to keep the smoking concept is, primarily, the fear that they might lose their customers?, ?Employees ? smokers started to smoke owing to their work in the smoking environment?. The first two hypotheses were verified, the third one not. The quantitative research utilized the structured dialogue technique. This part of research included two research questions. The first referred to the employee awareness of passive smoking, the second aimed at fact whether the motivation factor of the pub or restaurant to be pronounced the non-smoking establishment is the care of the employee health. After the research had been completed and analysed, the set target was met. Working on this Thesis I obtained a lot of new findings, and I think that it could be a contribution even to practice and serve as an instructional and information material. In particular, as the Thesis brings brief and clear summary of basic findings concerning the passive smoking and it alerts to topicality and importance of the passive smoking not only in the pubs and restaurants. The Diploma Thesis can be also used to publish the research results in order to improve the working conditions of the pub and restaurant employees alerting them to the passive smoking harmfulness which is often underestimated and marginalized.

The topic of this diploma thesis is ´Smoking in restaurant facilities in Pilsen city center´. Smoking in restaurant facilities harms not only their visitors but especially their employees. This group of citizens becomes passive smokers for the entire working time which may have negative health consequences. The main goal of this thesis was to map out the problem of smoking in restaurant facilities from their employee´s point of view. Three research questions have been determined towards fulfilling this goal. The research was implemented with the help of qualitative survey. Semi-structured in-depth interview was carried out with 13 respondents who had been chosen through the snowball sampling method. Information was evaluated through the open coding method and it has responded to the research questions. The first research question - What are the smoking habits of smoking restaurant facility employees? The research has proven that the amount of cigarettes smoked by the smoking restaurant facility employees has raised. The second research question - How do the employees of smoking restaurant facilities perceive the risk of passive smoking? Respondent´s answers have provn that they do not perceive passive smoking to be a risk factor which might harm their health. Only a minor part of respondents minds working in a smoking environment. The third research question was put this way: What is the attitude of employees in smoking restaurant facilities towards the new planned anti-smoking legislation? The research has proven that most respondents does not wish the acceptance of smoking prohibition in restaurant facilities. The reasons are concerns for their jobs, decrease in revenue, refusal of prohibition in general ort he fact that they themselves are smokers. Only a small number of respondent sis acutally concerned about their health and would welcome an amendment to the Act. A short intervention was carried out with the respondents within the research, which was supposed to inform the employees of restaurant facilities about the risks of passive smoking. The research has proven that employees of smoking restaurant facilities do not perceive the risk of passive smoking really. They are often exposed to tobacco smoke even in their leisure time. The most effective prevention may be ensured by politicians who would enforce a stricter legislation.

published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Antecedentes: Varios estudios han demostrado como las políticas de control del tabaquismo favorecen el abandono del consumo del tabaco entre los fumadores, incrementan la aceptabilidad y el cumplimiento de los espacios sin humo. Sin embargo, se desconoce el impacto que las diferentes medidas de control del tabaquismo tienen en los hospitales catalanes. Hipótesis: 1) La política de espacios sin humo en los hospitales reduce la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco entre los trabajadores, favoreciendo cambios en la actitud y el comportamiento en el cumplimiento de las normativas. 2) La Ley 28/2005 ha contribuido a la progresión y el avance de las políticas de control de tabaquismo en los hospitales y 3) ha fomentado cambios en la disminución del humo ambiental del tabaco (HAT) en los hospitales de Cataluña. 4) Los hospitales de 7 países europeos que han desarrollado el modelo de hospital sin humo de la Red Europea sin Humo (ENSH) presentan niveles bajos de HAT en distintas áreas de hospitalización. 5) El programa de cesación tabáquica dirigido a trabajadores fumadores de los hospitales miembros de la Red Catalana de Hospitales sin Humo (XCHsF) consigue una alta tasa de abstinencia. Objetivos: 1) Describir los efectos en el consumo de tabaco tras la implantación progresiva de las políticas de control de tabaquismo en un centro hospitalario: el Instituto Catalán de Oncología (ICO). 2) Valorar la progresión de las políticas de control de tabaquismo en los hospitales miembros de la XCHsF antes y después de la implantación de la Ley de medidas de control del tabaco 28/2005. 3) Evaluar el impacto de la Ley de control de tabaquismo 28/2005 en la exposición al HAT en los hospitales públicos catalanes, antes (2005) y después (2006) de su implantación. 4) Describir los niveles de HAT mediante la determinación de partículas PM2.5, en una muestra de hospitales europeos en el año 2007. 5) Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de cesación tabáquica dirigido a los trabajadores hospitalarios. Metodología: Para conseguir los objetivos marcados se han realizado cinco estudios que incluyen: una serie de encuestas transversales, un estudio pre-post de evaluación de las medidas de control del tabaco, dos estudios de determinación del HAT - uno realizado en Cataluña, y el otro en 7 países europeos- y un estudio de evaluación de la efectividad de un programa de cesación tabáquica coordinado por la XCHsF en 33 hospitales. Resultados: La prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en el ICO disminuyó del 34,5% en 2001 al 30,6% en el 2006. Entre los médicos la prevalencia descendió del 20,0% al 15,2%, entre las enfermeras del 34,0% al 32,6%, y entre los administrativos del 56,0% al 37,0%. Se produjeron cambios en el patrón de consumo como la reducción del número de cigarrillos y del número de fumadores diarios. La puntuación media de la implementación de las políticas de control del tabaco en los hospitales fue del 52,4 (IC 95%: 45,4-59,5) en 2005 y 71,6 (IC 95%: 67,0-76,2) en 2007 (aumento del 36,7%). Los hospitales con mayor incremento fueron los hospitales generales (48%), hospitales con >300 camas (41,1%), hospitales cuyos trabajadores fuman entre un 35-39% (72,2%), hospitales con un implantación reciente de políticas de control del tabaco (74,2%). En los hospitales de Cataluña la concentración media de nicotina disminuyó de 0,23 μg/m3 (rango intercuartil: 0,13-0,63) antes de la Ley 28/2005, a 0,10 μg/m3 (rango intercuartil: 0,02-0,19) después de la Ley (disminución del 56,5%). Tras la Ley se observaron reducciones significativas en la concentración mediana de nicotina en todas las localizaciones, aunque se continuaron detectando valores de HAT en las entradas de los hospitales, sala de urgencias, escaleras de incendios y cafeterías. La mediana de las concentraciones de PM2.5 en una muestra de 30 hospitales europeos fue de 3,0 μg/m3. La mitad de las medidas presentaron valores entre 2,0 a 7,0 μg/m3. Los niveles de PM2.5 fueron similares entre los diferentes países. Once medidas (5,5%) estaban por encima de 25,0 μg/m3, límite recomendado por la OMS para los espacios exteriores. Los trabajadores de una muestra de hospitales catalanes que entraron en el programa de cesación tabáquica coordinado por la XCHsF presentaron una probabilidad de abstinencia global a los 6 meses de 0,504 (IC 95%: 0,431- 0,570). Los hombres obtuvieron mejor abstinencia 0,526 (IC 95%: 0,398-0,651) que las mujeres (0,495 IC 95%: 0,410-0,581). Por grupos profesionales, los médicos obtuvieron una abstinencia más alta (0,659, IC 95%: 0,506-0,811) que las enfermeras (0,463, IC 95%: 0,349-0,576). Los trabajadores con mayor dependencia a la nicotina tuvieron una menor probabilidad de abstinencia (0,376, IC 95%: 0,256-0,495) que los trabajadores con baja dependencia (0,529, IC 95%: 0,458-0,599). Se observa una alta probabilidad de abstinencia en trabajadores que siguieron un tratamiento farmacológico combinado (bupropion y sustitutivos de la nicotina) (0,761, IC 95%: 0,588-0,933). Conclusiones: La introducción progresiva de políticas de control del tabaquismo en los hospitales se asocia con una ligera disminución del consumo de tabaco y la modificación del patrón de consumo entre los trabajadores fumadores. La política de espacios sin humo en los hospitales disminuye la percepción de la exposición al HAT e incrementa el cumplimiento auto reportado de la normativa entre los trabajadores. Los niveles de HAT disminuyen en los hospitales tras la entrada en vigor de la Ley 28/2005. La valoración de las concentraciones de nicotina en fase vapor ofrece un sistema de monitorización objetivo y fiable que refuerza el cumplimiento de los espacios sin humo. La presencia de HAT en los hospitales europeos monitorizada mediante PM2.5 es baja, a excepción de la hallada en lugares en los que se permite fumar cuya concentración es elevada. Los hospitales miembros de la XCHsF presentan un mayor control de tabaquismo (medidas mediante el cuestionario europeo selfaudit) tras dos años de implantación de la Ley 28/2005 (2007) que los obtenidos antes de la Ley (2005). El programa de cesación tabáquica coordinado por la XCHsF dirigido a los trabajadores hospitalarios fumadores obtiene una alta probabilidad de abstinencia a los seis meses. Los trabajadores tratados con dependencia baja o media, los fumadores de 10-19 cigarrillos al día y los tratados con terapia combinada obtuvieron mejores tasas de abstinencia / "Implementation and Evaluation of Tobacco control Policies in Hospitals" Background: Several studies have shown that tobacco control policies favour the cessation of tobacco use, increase population support and improve compliance with smoke free policies. However, the impact of tobacco control measures in Catalan hospitals is unknown. Hypothesis: 1) The smoke free policy in hospitals reduces the prevalence of tobacco consumption among workers and increases compliance with smoke free regulations; 2) Law 28/2005 has increased tobacco control policies in hospitals; 3) has decreased second-hand smoke (SHS) levels among Catalan hospitals; 4) European hospitals which have developed the European smoke free model (ENSH) have low levels of SHS in different areas; 5) the smoking cessation program addressed to hospital employees achieves a high rate of abstinence. Aims: 1) To describe the effects on tobacco consumption after the gradual implementation of tobacco control policies in a hospital; 2) to evaluate the progression of tobacco control policies in hospitals members of the XCHsF before and after the implementation of Law 28/2005, 3) To assess the impact of tobacco control Law 28/2005 on exposure to SHS in public hospitals in Catalonia, before (2005) and after (2006) its implementation. 4) To describe the levels of SHS by the assessment of PM2.5 particles in a sample of European hospitals in 2007; 5) to evaluate the effectiveness of a smoking cessation program addressed to hospital workers. Methodology: Five studies have been conducted, which were: a series of cross-sectional surveys, a pre-post evaluation of tobacco control measures, two studies for the assessment of SHS- one in Catalonia, and another in 7 European countries- and a study evaluating the effectiveness of a smoking cessation program. Results: The tobacco consumption at one hospital dropped from 34.5% in 2001 to 30.6% in 2006. Smokers changed their consumption patterns with the reduction of the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the decrease of daily smokers. The average score of the implementation of tobacco control policies in hospitals was 52.4 (95% CI 45.4 to 59.5) in 2005 and 71.6 (95% CI 67.0 to 76.2) in 2007 (up 36.7%). The average median concentration of nicotine decreased 56.5% after the implementation of Law 28/2005. However, nicotine was found in hospitals halls, emergency rooms, fire escapes and cafeterias. The median concentrations of PM2.5 in a sample of 30 European hospitals were low (3.0 ug/m3). The abstinence probability of the XCHsF tobacco cessation program at 6 months was 0.504 (95% CI 0.431 to 0.570). Workers with higher nicotine dependence showed a lower likelihood of abstinence (0.376, 95% CI: .256 to .495) than the low-dependence (0.529, 95% CI 0.458 to 0.599). There is a high probability of abstinence among workers treated with combined drug therapy (bupropion and nicotine replacement) (0.761, 95% CI 0.588 to 0.933). Conclusions: Tobacco control policies in hospitals are associated with a slight decline in smoking consumption, reduction of levels of SHS, and high probability of abstinence at 6 months.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese é composta por três artigos que permitiram avaliar o efeito da exposição ao tabagismo durante a gestação e no início da infância sobre o crescimento linear e ganho de peso do nascimento à adolescência, além de verificar o efeito do nível socioeconômico no início da infância e da mobilidade social sobre a adiposidade até a adolescência. Foram utilizados para este fim os dados de uma coorte de crianças nascidas entre 1994 e 1999 na cidade de Cuiabá-MT. Essas crianças fizeram parte de um estudo de base populacional realizado na cidade de Cuiabá, entre 1999 e 2000, com 2405 crianças (0 a 5 anos) e foram selecionadas aleatoriamente em unidades básicas de saúde quando da vacinação. As mães foram entrevistadas após a vacinação, quando foram obtidos dados relativos à exposição ao tabagismo gestacional, tabagismo passivo, nível socioeconômico das famílias e dados antropométricos. Entre 2009 e 2011, após aproximadamente 11 anos, essas crianças foram localizadas por meio do Censo Escolar e então 1716 adolescentes entre 10 e 17 anos de idade (71,4% da população) foram reavaliados nas escolas da rede pública e privada de Cuiabá, de 18 municípios do estado e outras 5 capitais do país. A análise por modelos lineares de efeitos mistos permitiu verificar a mudança de estatura e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) entre o nascimento e a adolescência. O primeiro e o segundo artigo desta tese avaliaram o efeito da exposição ao tabagismo materno durante a gestação e no início da infância sobre o crescimento linear e o IMC entre o nascimento e a adolescência. Crianças expostas ao tabagismo materno durante a gestação e no início da infância apresentaram menor estatura desde o nascimento até a adolescência quando comparadas às crianças não expostas. Quanto à adiposidade, entre o nascimento e a infância a mudança do IMC foi similar entre as crianças expostas e não expostas ao tabagismo materno, porém, entre a infância e a adolescência, aquelas expostas apenas durante a gestação mostraram maior ganho de IMC. Em conjunto, os dados corroboram o efeito deletério do tabagismo sobre o crescimento, efeito já bastante estudado, mas também indicam que avaliar e comparar exposição gestacional com pós-gestacional é importante, dado que seus efeitos parecem ser diferentes. O terceiro artigo avaliou o efeito do nível socioeconômico no início da infância e da mobilidade social entre a infância e a adolescência sobre o IMC do nascimento à adolescência. Para avaliar o nível socioeconômico, as famílias foram classificadas em nível econômico alto, médio e baixo, a partir do Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil. Foi observada expressiva mobilidade social na população, principalmente entre os de menor nível econômico. Houve maior aumento do IMC entre o nascimento e a adolescência entre aqueles de maior nível econômico na infância e aqueles que permaneceram nas classes mais elevadas, indicando que a posição inicial foi o maior determinante das mudanças observadas no IMC. / This thesis consists of three papers that allowed us to evaluate the effect of exposure to smoking during pregnancy and early childhood on linear growth and weight gain from birth to adolescence, and to verify the effect of socioeconomic position in early childhood and social mobility on adiposity until adolescence. For this purpose, we used the data of a cohort of children born between 1994 and 1999 in the city of Cuiabá. They were part of a population-based study conducted with 2,405 children (05 years) who attended one of the ten basic health units selected for vaccination in the city of Cuiabá between 1999 and 2000. Between 2009 and 2011, after approximately 11 years, these children were located through the School Census; thus, 1,716 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years old (71.4% of the population) were reassessed in the public and private schools of Cuiabá, of 18 counties in the state and five other capitals in the country. The mothers were interviewed after vaccination to obtain data regarding their exposure to smoking during pregnancy, passive smoking, socioeconomic status, and anthropometric information. The linear mixed-effects analysis showed the change in height and body mass index (BMI) from birth to adolescence. The first and second articles in this thesis evaluate the effect of exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy and early childhood on linear growth and BMI from birth to adolescence. Children exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy and early childhood were shorter from birth to adolescence than the children not exposed. As for adiposity between birth and childhood, the BMI change was similar between children exposed and not exposed to maternal smoking; however, between childhood and adolescence, those exposed only during gestation showed greater gains in BMI. Together, these data not only confirm the deleterious effect of smoking on growth, which has been extensively studied, but also indicate that it is important to evaluate and compare gestational to post-pregnancy exposure because their effects seem to be different. The third paper examines the effect of socioeconomic status in early childhood and social mobility from childhood to adolescence on BMI from birth to adolescence. To assess socioeconomic position, the families were classified into high, medium, and low economic levels based on the Brazil Criterion of economic classification. We observed significant social mobility in the population, especially among the lower economic group. We observed a greater increase in BMI from birth to adolescence among those from higher socioeconomic position in childhood and those who remained in the higher classes, indicating that the starting position was the major determinant of the observed changes in BMI.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese é composta por três artigos que permitiram avaliar o efeito da exposição ao tabagismo durante a gestação e no início da infância sobre o crescimento linear e ganho de peso do nascimento à adolescência, além de verificar o efeito do nível socioeconômico no início da infância e da mobilidade social sobre a adiposidade até a adolescência. Foram utilizados para este fim os dados de uma coorte de crianças nascidas entre 1994 e 1999 na cidade de Cuiabá-MT. Essas crianças fizeram parte de um estudo de base populacional realizado na cidade de Cuiabá, entre 1999 e 2000, com 2405 crianças (0 a 5 anos) e foram selecionadas aleatoriamente em unidades básicas de saúde quando da vacinação. As mães foram entrevistadas após a vacinação, quando foram obtidos dados relativos à exposição ao tabagismo gestacional, tabagismo passivo, nível socioeconômico das famílias e dados antropométricos. Entre 2009 e 2011, após aproximadamente 11 anos, essas crianças foram localizadas por meio do Censo Escolar e então 1716 adolescentes entre 10 e 17 anos de idade (71,4% da população) foram reavaliados nas escolas da rede pública e privada de Cuiabá, de 18 municípios do estado e outras 5 capitais do país. A análise por modelos lineares de efeitos mistos permitiu verificar a mudança de estatura e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) entre o nascimento e a adolescência. O primeiro e o segundo artigo desta tese avaliaram o efeito da exposição ao tabagismo materno durante a gestação e no início da infância sobre o crescimento linear e o IMC entre o nascimento e a adolescência. Crianças expostas ao tabagismo materno durante a gestação e no início da infância apresentaram menor estatura desde o nascimento até a adolescência quando comparadas às crianças não expostas. Quanto à adiposidade, entre o nascimento e a infância a mudança do IMC foi similar entre as crianças expostas e não expostas ao tabagismo materno, porém, entre a infância e a adolescência, aquelas expostas apenas durante a gestação mostraram maior ganho de IMC. Em conjunto, os dados corroboram o efeito deletério do tabagismo sobre o crescimento, efeito já bastante estudado, mas também indicam que avaliar e comparar exposição gestacional com pós-gestacional é importante, dado que seus efeitos parecem ser diferentes. O terceiro artigo avaliou o efeito do nível socioeconômico no início da infância e da mobilidade social entre a infância e a adolescência sobre o IMC do nascimento à adolescência. Para avaliar o nível socioeconômico, as famílias foram classificadas em nível econômico alto, médio e baixo, a partir do Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil. Foi observada expressiva mobilidade social na população, principalmente entre os de menor nível econômico. Houve maior aumento do IMC entre o nascimento e a adolescência entre aqueles de maior nível econômico na infância e aqueles que permaneceram nas classes mais elevadas, indicando que a posição inicial foi o maior determinante das mudanças observadas no IMC. / This thesis consists of three papers that allowed us to evaluate the effect of exposure to smoking during pregnancy and early childhood on linear growth and weight gain from birth to adolescence, and to verify the effect of socioeconomic position in early childhood and social mobility on adiposity until adolescence. For this purpose, we used the data of a cohort of children born between 1994 and 1999 in the city of Cuiabá. They were part of a population-based study conducted with 2,405 children (05 years) who attended one of the ten basic health units selected for vaccination in the city of Cuiabá between 1999 and 2000. Between 2009 and 2011, after approximately 11 years, these children were located through the School Census; thus, 1,716 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years old (71.4% of the population) were reassessed in the public and private schools of Cuiabá, of 18 counties in the state and five other capitals in the country. The mothers were interviewed after vaccination to obtain data regarding their exposure to smoking during pregnancy, passive smoking, socioeconomic status, and anthropometric information. The linear mixed-effects analysis showed the change in height and body mass index (BMI) from birth to adolescence. The first and second articles in this thesis evaluate the effect of exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy and early childhood on linear growth and BMI from birth to adolescence. Children exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy and early childhood were shorter from birth to adolescence than the children not exposed. As for adiposity between birth and childhood, the BMI change was similar between children exposed and not exposed to maternal smoking; however, between childhood and adolescence, those exposed only during gestation showed greater gains in BMI. Together, these data not only confirm the deleterious effect of smoking on growth, which has been extensively studied, but also indicate that it is important to evaluate and compare gestational to post-pregnancy exposure because their effects seem to be different. The third paper examines the effect of socioeconomic status in early childhood and social mobility from childhood to adolescence on BMI from birth to adolescence. To assess socioeconomic position, the families were classified into high, medium, and low economic levels based on the Brazil Criterion of economic classification. We observed significant social mobility in the population, especially among the lower economic group. We observed a greater increase in BMI from birth to adolescence among those from higher socioeconomic position in childhood and those who remained in the higher classes, indicating that the starting position was the major determinant of the observed changes in BMI.

Bien que la lutte contre le tabagisme passif se soit récemment accentuée, la fumée de tabac demeure un des principaux polluants atmosphériques d’intérieur. Le tabagisme passif génère des réactions cardiovasculaires néfastes qui, lors d’expositions répétées, augmentent le risque de mortalité cardiovasculaire. Le but des travaux réalisés a été de repenser la toxicité cardiovasculaire aiguë de la pollution de l’air par la fumée de tabac, en analysant plus particulièrement le rôle joué par la nicotine sur les déterminants endothéliaux et sympathiques du tonus vasculaire.<p>Nous avons tout d’abord caractérisé, chez des volontaires sains non-fumeurs, les réactions vasculaires provoquées par une heure d’inhalation passive de fumée de tabac ou de fumée non tabagique.1 Nos résultats démontrent que le tabagisme passif provoque une réflexion plus précoce de l’onde de pouls au niveau aortique ainsi qu’une perte de la capacité vasodilatatrice microvasculaire dépendante de l’endothélium. De plus, nous avons observé que ces réactions sont spécifiques à la fumée de tabac, et perdurent plusieurs dizaines de minutes après l’arrêt de l’exposition. Le stimulus nicotinique exerce un rôle prédominant dans les changements de réflexion d’onde de pouls. Cependant, l’interprétation du rôle joué par la nicotine dans la toxicité endothéliale du tabagisme passif est limitée in vivo par les effets de la nicotine sur d’autres déterminants du tonus vasculaire, tel que le système orthosympathique. <p>Nous avons dès lors spécifiquement comparé, à l’aide d’un modèle d’aorte isolée de rats, les effets d’extraits de fumée de tabac, de fumée non tabagique et de nicotine pure sur la fonction endothéliale et la production radicalaire.2 Chaque type de fumée a entraîné une augmentation similaire de la production radicalaire au sein des vaisseaux, mais seul l’extrait tabagique a altéré la relaxation vasculaire dépendante de l’endothélium. Dans les mêmes conditions, la nicotine pure a respecté l’intégrité fonctionnelle de l’endothélium, ce qui permet d’exclure son implication dans les effets délétères aigus du tabagisme passif sur l’endothélium vasculaire. <p>Nous avons ensuite déterminé, par des mesures directes du trafic nerveux autonome sur une population de volontaires sains non fumeurs, les effets directs de la nicotine sur le contrôle chémoréflexe périphérique du système orthosympathique.3 Nos résultats démontrent que des taux de nicotine similaires à ceux générés par une heure d’exposition au tabagisme passif augmentent la sensibilité d’une importante boucle réflexe participant à l’homéostasie du système nerveux autonome. <p>Enfin, malgré tous ces effets délétères de la nicotine observés chez le non-fumeur, nous avons établi que la perfusion myocardique du patient à risque coronaire élevé n’est toutefois pas altérée par une prise de nicotine sublinguale.4 <p>Les effets cardiovasculaires du tabagisme passif sont rapides, spécifiques, et réunissent des conditions de stimulation orthosympathique et de dysfonction endothéliale potentiellement néfastes pour la perfusion coronaire. Les effets sympathicomimétiques de la nicotine représentent l’axe prédominant de la toxicité cardiovasculaire aiguë du tabagisme passif. Toutefois, la nicotine pure n’altèrant pas la perfusion myocardique du patient à risque coronaire, son utilisation peut donc être encouragée dans l’aide au sevrage tabagique. <p> / Doctorat en Sciences médicales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished