O tema autoajuda tem invadido sem reservas a vida das pessoas no mundo atual. Esse tema, como um desdobramento cultural da modernidade tardia, está presente na literatura, na arte, na filosofia, nas discussões políticas e na administração de empresas. Está presente na pluralidade religiosa, na teologia cristã e nos consultórios de psicólogos e na psicanálise. O fenômeno cultural gigantesco não se limita a um segmento, mas, como iremos notar, faz-se presente em várias camadas sociais, desde as mais simples nas periferias das grandes cidades, até os moradores da zona rural nos rincões do mundo, alcançando a classe média e, aparentemente, fazendo dela sua promotora, interlocutora e reveladora. Uma vez que a cultura de autoajuda transita no mundo das crenças, é plausível admitir que se trate de um fenômeno não somente de natureza psico-física, ambiental ou de desenvolvimento, mas também de um fenômeno metafísico. Autoajuda como cultura recebe e empresta influências no campo religioso. Autoajuda serve a propósitos de filosofias que agrupam o conhecimento técnico em algumas áreas, tais como a psicologia, a administração e a medicina, dentre outras com as experiências transcendentais advindas das mais distintas religiões e crenças. Existe uma inquietação no sentido de que essa cultura de autoajuda já faz parte da vida das pessoas de comunidades cristãs que estão trocando o aconselhamento pastoral e a poimênica por essas leituras. O resultado de tais leituras é um movimento em direção ao individualismo, ao secularismo e pluralização que são desdobramentos dessa época em que vivemos. Nessa pesquisa, vamos trabalhar com a hipótese que o aconselhamento cristão é uma melhor resposta aos anseios das pessoas do que a cultura de autoajuda. O tema do aconselhamento pastoral será pontuado a partir da obra de Howard Clinebell, Aconselhamento pastoral: modelo centrado em libertação e crescimento. No primeiro capítulo, vamos trazer algumas definições de autoajuda. A partir dessas definições, vamos tentar nos aproximar de uma definição que traga os aportes que cumpram o papel de delimitar uma compreensão de autoajuda. A fim de sustentar a compreensão de autoajuda, trataremos, ainda nesse capítulo, da origem da literatura de autoajuda, tanto de um ponto de vista histórico antigo e filosófico quanto de uma posição sobre sua ascensão na cultura moderna. Esse capítulo vai tratar ainda da literatura de autoajuda e sua relação com a autonomia do indivíduo. Para tanto, vamos utilizar os textos de Francisco Ricardo Rüdiger, Auto-ajuda e individualismo. O capítulo dois trará uma introdução a Howard Clinebell, sua metodologia, seus propósitos ao escrever Aconselhamento pastoral: modelo centrado em libertação e crescimento. Apresentaremos o atual desafio da poimênica e do aconselhamento pastoral; e um modelo holístico centrado em cura e crescimento, bem como uma definição do trabalho do conselheiro cristão. Também serão abordadas nesse capítulo as técnicas mais usadas no aconselhamento pastoral. O ambiente do trabalho pastoral também será apontado nesse capítulo. E, finalmente, apresentamos nesse capítulo os cuidados do trabalho do conselheiro cristão. No capítulo três, faremos uma comparação entre o aconselhamento pastoral segundo Clinebell e as propostas da cultura de autoajuda com o conceito de vida plena e as seis dimensões da integralidade. Na conclusão do trabalho, pretendemos responder a nossa inquietação sobre a utilização por membros da comunidade cristã de literatura de autoajuda e responder a hipótese que o aconselhamento cristão é uma melhor resposta aos anseios das pessoas do que a cultura/literatura de autoajuda. / The theme of self-help has invaded without reservation the lives of people in the actual world. This topic as a cultural offshoot of late modernity is present in literature, art, philosophy, political discussions and in business administration. It is present in the plurality of religion, in Christian theology, and the offices of psychologists and psychoanalysis. The huge cultural phenomenon does not limits itself to one segment, but according to our research, we will notice it is presence in various strata of society from the simplest on the outskirts of large cities to the rural residents in the corners of the world, reaching the middle class and apparently making the latter its promoter, partner and developer. Since the culture of self-help transits in the world of beliefs it is reasonable to assume that it is a phenomenon not only of psyco-physical nature, environmental or development and industrial production and technology, but also a metaphysical phenomenon. Self-help culture receives and borrows influences in the religious field. Self-help serves the purposes of philosophies that combine the expertise in some areas of psychophysical nature, management, medicine, and others with the transcendent experience coming from the most diverse religions and beliefs. There is a concern in the sense that this culture of self-help plays great role in the lives of the Christian communities that are replacing the pastoral counseling and pastoral care to these readings. The result of such readings is a movement towards individualism, secularism and plurality that are developed in the present age. This research will work with the hypothesis that Christian counseling is a better response to the expectation of the people of that culture of self-help. The theme of pastoral counseling will be approached based on the work of Howard Clinebell: Basic Types of Pastoral Care and Counseling: Resources for the Ministry of Healing and Growth. The first chapter will bring some definitions of self-help. It is expected that these definitions will bring the inputs to delineate an understanding of self-help. In order to support the understanding of self-help the chapter will point out also the origin of self-help literature, both from a historical point of view and ancient philosophical as well as its position in the rise in modern culture. This chapter will also address the self-help literature and its relation to individual autonomy. For this the texts of Francisco Ricardo Rüdiger: Self-Help and Individualism will be used. Chapter two will bring an introduction to Howard Clinebell, its methodology, its purpose in writing Basic Types of Pastoral Care and Counseling: Resources for the Ministry of Healing and Growth. We will present the actual challenge of pastoral care and pastoral counseling, and a holistic model focusing on healing and growth, as well as defining the work of the Christian counselor. We will also discuss the techniques used in pastoral counseling. The work environment of this ministry will also be identified. And finally this chapter will point out the care of the work of Christian counselor. In chapter three we will do a comparison of pastoral counseling according to Clinebell and the proposals of the culture of self-help within the concept of full life and the six dimensions of human completeness. At the conclusion, we plan to respond to our concern about the members of the Christian community and their use of self-help literature. We will also answer hypothesis that "the Christian counseling is a better response to the expectation of the people than that self-help culture / literature.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta tese tem por objetivo propor o mundo virtual como um novo espaço para a prática do Aconselhamento Pastoral e uma forma de atualização dos vínculos da Igreja com a sociedade e revelar o Evangelho na linguagem dos relacionamentos virtuais. Inicialmente são abordados temas relacionados à comunicação através da Internet e à interpretação do espírito da época em que se situa a cultura e a sociedade local e global. São também apresentados conceitos que afloraram com o desenvolvimento da comunicação mediada por computadores, como o virtual e suas modalidades, as comunidades virtuais e a virtualização do corpo. No segundo capítulo é apresentada uma análise dos fundamentos teóricos, metodológicos e técnicos do Aconselhamento Pastoral realizado através da Internet e busca- se traçar os potenciais e também os limites desta modalidade de ajuda. Na terceira parte é realizado um estudo de dois casos, a Telefonseelsorge na Internet (Alemanha) e a Maranataonline (Brasil), por meio do método da Netnografia e da entrevista presencial, a partir dos quais são discutidas as chances e as fronteiras do Aconselhamento Pastoral realizado pela Internet, especificamente através do recurso do site e do correio eletrônico. Na parte final são esquematizadas as conclusões, afirmando que a Internet é uma nova plataforma de comunicação que dispõe de vários potenciais como a interação instantânea, a diluição das fronteiras, o anonimato, a imobilidade móvel que justamente representam as chances para o Aconselhamento Pastoral ir ao encontro das mais diversas pessoas, em suas diferentes situações, lá onde elas se encontram, e isso, na era da Internet significa o espaço virtual e global. / The object of this thesis is to present the virtual world as a new pleace for the Pastoral Counseling and a way of updating the links among the Church and the society, also to reveal the Gospel in the virtual language and relationships. Initially, it is discussed subjects related to Internet communication and the interpretation according to the time in which global and local culture and society take place. There will also be presented ideas that came up with the development of the comunication through out computers, such as the virtual one and its modality, the virtual communities and the body virtualization. On the second chapter, it is presented an analisis of the theoretical, methodological and technical basis of the Pastoral Counseling done through the Internet, surching to trace its potentials as well as the limits of this helping tool. The third part is consisted of a study of two cases, the Telefonseelsorge in the Internet (Germany) and Maranataonline (Brazil), where the method of Netnography and interviewing are used in order to discuss chances and limits of Pastoral Counseling done on the Internet mainly through site resources and eletronic mails. On the last part, conclusions are taken confirming that the Internet is a new way of communication that provides a lot of potentials such as an instantaneous intergration, the boundaries dilution, the anonymity,the movable immobility, which represents the chances of the Pastoral Counseling to meet all sorts of people, in different situations, there where they are, and this, at Internet age means a global and virtual space.

As situações de exclusão social e as necessárias vinculações ao processo de formação subjetiva presentes nas histórias de jovens e crianças de determinados contextos brasileiros configuram-se como campos propícios de atuação do aconselhamento pastoral de viés clínico, ou seja, a aplicação rigorosa dos passos metodológicos propostos por profissionais da área específica de maneira libertadora. Isso implica diálogo e referência a situações sociais formadoras de esquemas que podem incidir sobre a subjetividade de crianças e jovens, os quais vivem suas experiências sob a marca da exclusão social daqueles aspectos mais fundamentais da existência humana, dentre os quais alimentação, moradia e saúde, etc. Partindo dessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho problematiza as possibilidades do aconselhamento pastoral, aplicado no contexto do Projeto Girassol, como meio propício de auxiliar esses jovens e crianças a poderem exercitar por meio da fala e da ação suas inquietações e trazer à luz suas ideias a respeito de sua própria condição. Tal intuito tem como objetivo a construção de determinada perspectiva a respeito da vida, a saber, uma existência autêntica sob a ótica de certa teologia da criação. / The situations of social exclusion and the necessary linkages to the subjective formation process in these stories of young people and children of certain Brazilian contexts configures itself as suitable fields of action of clinical pastoral counseling bias, in other words, the strict application of the methodological steps proposed by professionals specific way liberating. This implies dialogue and reference to socialforming schemes that may relate to the subjectivity of children and youth, who live their experiences under the brand of social exclusion of those most fundamental aspects of human existence as food, housing and health, etc. From this perspective, this paper aims to establish possibilities of pastoral counseling, applied in the context of the Projeto Girassol, as a suitable means of helping these kids and these kids that they can exercise through speech and action, their concerns and bring to the light their idea about their own condition. This order aims to build certain perspective on life, namely, an authentic existence from the perspective of a certain theology of creation.

Os processos de secularização pelos quais vem passando o país têm tornado visível o avanço do número de casais que se separam e voltam a viver em união marital. Essa situação não diminui sua vontade e desejo de participar da comunidade de fé, ocasionando assim um clima de necessidade pastoral que auxilie esses casais, que se encontram em condições difíceis e, por vezes, muito delicadas e conflituosas. Por isso, evidencia-se a cada dia a criação de pastorais que estejam prontas a andar junto e a prestar o serviço evangélico de solidariedade aos casais em segunda união. Nesta tarefa, o presente trabalho de conclusão de mestrado profissional intenta apontar algumas possibilidades de auxílio terapêutico, dialogando com a terapia de casais de viés analítico e com o aconselhamento pastoral, sem deixar de fazer referências ao posicionamento da Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana, com suas diretrizes pastorais. / The processes of secularization which the country has undergone have made visible progress in the number of couples who separate and return to live in marital union. This situation does not reduce their willingness and desire to join a community of faith. Thus it causes a climate of pastoral need in order to assist these couples, who are in hard and sometimes very delicate and conflicting conditions. Therefore, every day we see the creation of pastorals that are ready to walk together and provide the Gospel service of solidarity with the couples on a second marriage. In this task, this dissertation attempts to point out some possibilities for therapeutic help, talking to couples therapy in an analytical way and pastoral counseling, referencing also the position of the Roman Catholic Church and its pastoral guidelines.

Frente ao seu alto índice verificado na atualidade, o suicídio ainda encontra-se com pouco espaço nas discussões e projetos no meio eclesiástico. Partindo desta perspectiva, o presente trabalho objetivou focar o assunto neste ambiente e, em especial, nas implicações que afetam a prática do Aconselhamento Pastoral. Para tanto, buscou-se primeiramente as narrativas bíblicas de proximidade do assunto, bem como pelos aspectos sociais e psicológicos do fenômeno na sociedade demonstrados pelas estatísticas. Para subsidiar o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi realizada uma Pesquisa de Opinião junto a uma comunidade eclesiástica na cidade de Brasília/DF, em que se puderam observar as impressões dos seus congregados frente ao tema suicídio e as expectativas dos mesmos em relação à atuação da igreja no enfrentamento do assunto. Visando humanizar a prática cuidadora comunitária e pastoral, alguns comportamentos foram identificados e trazidos como exemplos de atuações atentas e sensíveis ao luto vivenciado pelas pessoas sobreviventes. A análise descritiva dos dados tabulados da Pesquisa de Opinião e as diversas leituras bibliográficas consultadas confirmaram o grande desafio que é lidar com tema suicídio tanto no compêndio da prática do acompanhamento pastoral, como para o indivíduo sobrevivente, carente desse cuidado. / Despite its current high incidence, the ecclesiastical environment still lacks forums for discussions and projects on the suicide issue. Thus, this work aims at dealing with this subject in this environment and, in particular, with the implications that influence the practice of Pastoral Counseling. Therefore, biblical accounts closely related to suicide were looked into, as well as the social and psychological aspects of this phenomenon in society, through statistics. To support this research, an opinion poll was carried out in the ecclesiastical community of Brasilia, DF, whereby its members suicide perceptions could be analyzed, as well as their expectations concerning the role of the church when dealing with that issue. In order to humanize the community and pastoral practices, some behavior patterns were identified and taken as instances of sensitive and careful performances towards the survivors experience of mourning. Both the descriptive analysis of the opinion poll results and the vast bibliography used could attest the great challenge to tackle the suicide issue, not only in the practice of pastoral counseling but also towards the needy survivor.

The aim of this study is: To critically correlate insights from the normative Christian sources and other disciplines so as to formulate a pastoral counsel on building strong families for Christian men in Singapore as they live out their faith and interact with others in a success-oriented society. This study is important in that it attempts to: - Expose the false belief that homemaking should not be a masculine responsibility, and to challenge Christian men in Singapore to lead their families as God-honouring husbands and fathers in a materialistic and success-oriented society. - Help the Church in Singapore in the ministry of building strong Christian families so that a good witness can be presented before a highly secularised society. - Nurture professionalism in the ministry by formulating a pastoral guide with which those in Christian full-time vocation or voluntary work can use to effectively care and counsel Christian men with troubled family lives. To accomplish these tasks, the four aspects – descriptive, historical, systematic and strategic – advocated by Don S Browning in his book, A Fundamental Practical Theology, were considered. An opinion poll was also done to augment the library research. Additionally, qualitative interviews in the form of conversational partnerships were conducyted to better hear and understand the work-family complexities faced by some Christian men. The findings in terms of some features that give a preliminary profile of the average Christian man in Singapore as a basis for further research are: i. He accepts competition as inevitable in a meritocratic society. ii. He works hard so as to develop; to his best potential and to provide well for his family materially. iii. He often has little time to bond with his family relationally unless he makes a deliberate effort to do so. iv. He does not equate male headship with sole leadership at home. Hence, he shares or delegates family responsibilities, including that of breadwinning, housekeeping and parenting. v. He discusses rather than dictates decisions related to major family concerns. Hence, he is pragmatic enough to seek and adopt alternatives that are most beneficial to the family. These include choosing options like dual-income, child care centre, maid and grandparent to meet the breadwinning, child caring and housekeeping needs of the home. Finally, to help Christian men and the Church in Singapore to be actively pro-family in perspective and action, the study concludes by proposing five suggestions: i. Work hard so as to earn enough to turn limited time and energy into actual pro-family events. ii. Adopt an extended family member into one’s own home. iii. Enhance pro-family facilities and services by establishing, giving and volunteering more. iv. Emphasise family life education in the Christian faith in order to advance it in the Church, home, workplace and society at large. v. Be prepared to do that which honours Christ even if it means losing 'face', beginning at home. / Thesis (PhD (Practical Theology: Pastoral Family Care))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

This positivist research design project focused on the question: How do parish priests deal with people who are in need of therapeutic counseling? Central to this study was the hypothesis, that priests refer people to professionals, when there is no conflict expected between values and morals of the church and the values and moral of the professional therapist.

This diploma thesis entitled: "Bible and Pastoral Counseling - Two Concepts of American Pastoral Care in the 20th Century" deals with two types of pastoral counseling (nouthetic counseling by Jay E. Adams and biblical counseling by Larry Crabb), which consider the Bible to be their basic and most important source and standard, and the context of their creation. The thesis describes the context, influences and life events that accompanied the authors during the creation of both counselings; it explains the basic ideas of both counselings and represents the way of using the Bible in a counseling conversation that the authors promote. It also mentions the criticism of other authors. The text first introduces the reader to the American concept of Christianity and pastoral care on the basis of historical development and later to both counseling directions - the nouthetic counseling and the biblical counseling. Keywords Pastoral care, Pastoral counseling, Biblical counseling, Nouthetic counseling, Jay E. Adams, Larry Crabb

Violent traumatic events impact communities and demand ministerial responses that are not only pastoral in nature but also prophetic, challenging institutional and sociocultural roots of violence through vision and analysis. There is a noticeable gap in qualitative studies of the prophetic pastoral practices of organized trauma response ministries in addressing violence. This dissertation addresses this gap through qualitative case studies of two trauma response ministries operating in diverse cultural contexts. The dissertation forges a beginning constructive practical theology of trauma from the voices, experiences, and practices of survivors and their trauma response ministry providers, lifting up the need for an intercultural approach and examining the results for untapped theological resources for constructive practical theologies of trauma. By integrating trauma studies into lived religion approaches, this dissertation conceptualizes survivors' use of material objects, rituals, and surroundings to enact a 'theopoetics of material religion.' This theopoetics captures the constructive theological significance of survivors' use of material objects, rituals, and surroundings for prophetic and performative testimony and witness. The introduction and chapter one make the case that addressing the problem of violent trauma in the American context calls for an approach rooted in prophetic pastoral care practices, one that is attentive to the particular contextual realities and resources of communities living in the aftermath of trauma. Using a lived religion methodological approach enhanced by trauma studies and a theopoetics of material religion, chapter two presents a case study of an inner-city lay-led trauma response ministry that serves family survivors of homicide. Chapter three presents a case study of a denominational-based trauma response ministry's services to a suburban congregation following a gun assault. Chapter four illustrates the theological themes witnessed in each case study and places these in intercultural dialogue. The final chapter engages current constructive theologies of trauma and brings the insights of the case studies to bear on interpretations of theology in the aftermath of trauma. The dissertation begins to forge of a constructive practical theology of trauma and concludes with strategic recommendations for constructive practical theologians, pastoral care providers, and social and ecclesial structures.

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