Michael Servetus (1508 - 1553) and Emanuel Swedenborg (1688 - 1772) are both considered heretics. They share many concepts about the nature of God, especially their rejection of orthodox Nicene and Chalcedonian theology. This thesis explores their respective theologies relating to the Trinity and Christology, with speculation of what sources they may have had in common. While attention is paid to Ignatius, Irenaeus and Tertullian, particular attention is paid to Tertullian, whose work Adversus Praxean lays the foundation of Servetus' ideas and has much in common with Swedenborg's theology. In light of their similarity to Tertullian, the question is asked if Servetus and Swedenborg would have been called heretics prior to Nicaea. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th. (Church History)

Sont d’abord rassemblées des études réalisées dans le cadre du projet BIBLINDEX, index en ligne des citations scripturaires chez les Pères de l’Église. Elles visent à renouveler l’historiographie de la réception des Écritures par l’analyse statistique. Les aspects méthodologiques – repérage, expression, délimitation, caractérisation, interrogation et visualisation – sont discutés, puis la méthode définie est appliquée à plusieurs corpus des premiers siècles : les œuvres d’Irénée, de Jérôme ; le livre de Qohélet lu par les Pères. Le corpus du « dernier » d’entre eux, Bernard de Clairvaux, fait l’objet des deux parties suivantes : archétypique en effet, de par la richesse et la complexité de ses mises en œuvre du matériau biblique, ce corpus se prête particulièrement bien à une application approfondie des méthodes d’investigation développées pour BIBLINDEX, complétées par des approches texto-métriques. Nous commençons par livrer quelques enquêtes théologiques, littéraires et historiques de l’œuvre du cistercien, qui ont accompagné l’édition de ses œuvres complètes dans la collection Sources Chrétiennes et illustrent plusieurs types d’usages bibliques, comme la constitution d’un arsenal polémique dans les conflits épistolaires ; la structuration d’une argumentation logique, à la fois philosophique et théologique ; la construction d’une géographie spirituelle avec les interprétations de noms hébreux. Puis nous donnons l’esquisse d’une étude synthétique de la Bible de Bernard, qui reposerait sur les méthodes précédemment définies pour améliorer notre connaissance des relations du saint à la tradition et du rôle de l’assimilation scripturaire dans ses stratégies d’écriture. / First of all, studies carried out within the framework of the BIBLINDEX project, an online index of scriptural quotations in the Early Christian Literature, are gathered. They aim at renewing the historiography on the reception of the Scriptures by statistical analysis. The methodological aspects – identification, expression, delimitation, characterization, queries and visualization – are discussed, then the defined method is applied to several corpora of the first centuries: the works of Irenaeus, Jerome; the book of Qohelet as read by the Fathers. The corpus written by the "last" of them, Bernard of Clairvaux, is the subject of the two following parts: archetypal indeed, due to the richness and the complexity of its implementations of the biblical material, this corpus lends itself particularly well an in-depth application of the investigation methods developed for BIBLINDEX, supplemented by textometric approaches. Some theological, literary and historical inquiries of the Cistercian’s work are first presented, which come along with the publication of his complete works in the collection Sources Chrétiennes and illustrate several types of biblical practices, such as constituting a controversial arsenal in epistolary conflicts; structuring a logical, both philosophical and theological, argumentation; establishing a spiritual geography using interpretations of Hebrew names. Finally, the sketch of a synthetic study of Bernard’s Bible is given, which would be based on the methods previously defined to improve our knowledge of the saint’s relationship to tradition and the role of scriptural assimilation in his writing strategies.

The goal of the theses is to interpret a selected work of A. Lindgren in a theological way. Methodology of the practical part is built on the broad context of early Christian inculturation (interpretation of ancient culture in the Patristic Tradition, introduced in the work of Hugo Rahner), and of the modern philosophical-theological interpretation of secular culture (interpretation of Don Juan in the work of Karel Vrána). The personality of the author A. Lindgren is then described, with emphasis on certain biographical facts which are particularly important for the goal of the theses. The work of German theologian Thomas Vogel is introduced in the Czech environment for the first time. Thomas Vogel is well-known for his Christian interpretations of A. Lindgren?s books. In the final part the author interprets the book Mio, My Son from christological, ecclesiological and eschatological point of view.

Le présent travail propose une édition critique de cinq traités rédigés par l’archevêque de Reims Hincmar (845-882) entre 873 et 882, qui portent tous sur la fonction royale : le De regis persona (873), le De fide Carolo regi seruanda (875), l’Ad Ludouicum Balbum (877), l’Ad Carolum Crassum (879) et l’Ad episcopos pro institutione Carolomanni (882). Les textes édités sont accompagnés d’une traduction originale en langue française. Les oeuvres théologico-politiques d’Hincmar sont replacées dans le contexte politique et intellectuel de l’ensemble carolingien de la seconde moitié du IXe siècle : au moment où des reconfigurations transforment la royauté carolingienne, l’archevêque de Reims, fort de trente années de pratique de la charge épiscopale, entreprend de guider des souverains qui appartiennent à trois générations successives. L’étude des sources révèle l’importance de la Bible, l’emprise de la pensée patristique de la période tardo-antique sur Hincmar, mais également les méthodes de travail et de lecture du prélat rémois. Le commentaire éclaire les éléments du contexte carolingien, ainsi que l’usage original que fait Hincmar des sources littéraires. Se dégage ainsi la vision du pouvoir que forge progressivement l’archevêque de Reims, en regard du pouvoir de l’évêque, garant et double du roi, dans le cadre d’un discours parénétique. / This study gives a critical edition for five treatises written by archbishop of Rheims Hincmar (845-882), between 873 and 882, the aim of which is to define the royal function : De regis persona (873), De fide Carolo regi seruanda (875), Ad Ludouicum Balbum (877), Ad Carolum Crassum (879) and Ad episcopos pro institutione Carolomanni (882). An original French translation complements this edition. Hincmar’s theological and political works are situated in the political and intellectual context of the second half of the ninth century : when carolingian kingship underwent successive reconfigurations. The archbishop of Rheims, thanks to thirty years of practice of episcopal function, tries to guide three generations of Carolingian kings. The enquiry into the sources reveals firstly, the importance of the Bible; secondly, the weight of late antique patristic thought; thirdly the work and reading methods of the bishop. The commentary highlights various elements of the Carolingian context and the original way Hincmar uses his sources. The vision of power he progressively develops thus comes to light, regarding the power of the bishop, warden and double of the king, within an exhortative discourse.

Composé à la fin de 406, le Commentaire sur Osée de Jérôme de Stridon (c. 347-419/420) se trouve à la charnière entre ses commentaires bibliques sur les Petits et les Grands prophètes. Au sein de ce vaste projet exégétique, l’ouvrage constitue un bon exemple d’une herméneutique désormais bien maîtrisée. Avec un fort souci de cohérence, l’exégète y déploie l’interprétation littérale essentiellement historique pour lancer l’interprétation spirituelle déclinée en deux sens, l’un anti-hérétique, l’autre mystique, tous deux présentés comme fondamentaux pour comprendre le livre d’Osée. L’œuvre constitue également un témoin clé pour saisir l’importance de la typologie, christocentrique et ecclésiale, pour expliquer les Prophètes selon Jérôme. Du reste, l’ouvrage n’a fait l’objet d’aucune recherche approfondie tant sur son contenu que sur son texte. Aussi, des recherches philologiques inédites ont permis d’établir l’histoire de la transmission manuscrite et de proposer les prémices d’une édition scientifique du texte. / Written in the end of 406, the Comment on Hosea by Jerome of Stridon (c. 347-419/420) is the transition between its biblical comments on Minor and Major Prophets. Within this vast exegetical project, the work constitutes a good example of an hermeneutics well mastered. With a strong concern of coherence, the exegete displays the essentially historic literal interpretation to introduce the spiritual interpretation declined in two senses, the one anti-heretic, the other one mystic, both presented as fundamental to understand the book of Hosea. The work also constitutes a key witness to seize the importance of the typology, both centered on Jesus Christ and his Church, to explain the Prophets according to Jerome.Besides, the work was the object of no in-depth research both on its contents and on its text. So, new philological researches allowed to establish the handwritten transmission and to propose the first elements of a scientific edition of the text.

The orans, although a gesture with a long ‘pagan’ past, was easily adopted by Christians for its symbolic meanings of prayer and piety and quickly attained a number of other more nuanced meanings as it was refined and reused. By restricting the scope of this thesis to the orans in the Christian catacombs of Rome, it becomes possible to approach the figure from a multi-directional perspective, not merely concerned with what the gesture meant to the Christian, but with its literary and material pedigrees, its transition to Christian art, and its cultural significance. To this end, chapter one examines ‘pagan’ precursors of the Christian orans through an examination of coins, sculptures, inscriptions, and reliefs, as well as by looking at the two figures whose appearance most influences that of the orans – the goddess Pietas, and the Artemisia-Adorans funerary portrait type. Chapter two addresses the importance of the orans in the Christian literary community, and examines not only the actual usage of prayer with raised hands by the Christian faithful, but also examines the aesthetic and theological reasons for the popularity of the gesture – the parallel between the spread arms of the orans and the posture of the crucified Christ. Finally, chapter three presents a spatial-thematic analysis of the usage of the orans in the Roman Christian catacombs, using a corpus of 158 orantes. This chapter enables the reader to draw conclusions about the veracity of the academic theories presented in the previous chapters, as it compares the usage of the orans against its scholarly interpretation.

[pt] A teologia do domingo se desenvolve a partir da ressureição de Cristo. Diante desse evento, os Apóstolos compreenderam que esse dia deveria ser recordado como memorial pascal da nova e eterna Aliança. O domingo constitui, portanto, o novo tempo do culto cristão, deixando o sétimo dia, o sábado judaico, para então se tornar o primeiro dia da semana como o dia santo. O domingo também assume uma perspectiva escatológica, chamado de o oitavo dia, ou seja, o domingo que não tem fim e, para a vida da Igreja nascente, é um dia especial de culto. Os Padres da Igreja deixaram grande testemunho acerca desse dia que começa aqui para ter seu fim na eternidade. Essa dissertação propõe, então, perfazer um caminho de reflexão sobre a teologia do domingo, tendo em vista que, desde o Concílio Vaticano II, o domingo vem sendo celebrado com a proposta de uma participação plena, ativa e consciente. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica, embasada na Sagrada Escritura, na Tradição, Magistério e Documentos da Igreja, assim como as leituras de vários estudiosos do assunto. A Constituição Sacrosanctum Concilium teve grande relevância no tocante à questão litúrgica na vida Igreja, ajudando a comunidade de fé a celebrar e viver o mistério de Cristo. A impostação da pesquisa é histórico-salvífica, visto que, desde a criação, já estava presente o desígnio do Pai de salvar e redimir o ser humano, e reúne elementos bíblicos e da eclesiologia litúrgica. O domingo torna-se o lugar privilegiado da irradiação da graça divina através da celebração do Mistério Pascal de Cristo, produzindo nos fiéis uma transformação para a vida. A comunidade que celebra a fé no dia do Senhor se vê guiada pelo Espírito que estava presente na criação, verbalizado na aliança no Sinai e encarnado no Cristo. / [en] The Sunday s theology grow away of Christ s resurrection. From here, this event understood that Day would be remembered as pascal memorial from the new and eternal alliance. Sunday constitute as much as new time of Christian Cult, leaving the Jewish Saturday, the seventh Day, tobe the first Saint Day. Sunday also assumes a scatologic called for the eighth day, and being the Sunday that hasn t final. The priests from the church left a great testimony, about this Day that begins here in order to have a eternity without a final. This dissertation proposes to complete a way about the Sunday theology. There is a vision since the Vaticano Concilio II, Sundays have being celebrated wiht a proposal that plain has an active participation. The Sacrosanctum Concilium had a great revelation, touch the liturgic question in the life of church, helping the, faith of community to celebrate and to live the Christ mistery. The imposition of search is history secure. The placement about salvation, developed, showing us that since the creation it was present in the Father s purposes. They were saved and regained the human being. It assembled biblical and eclesiastic liturgical persons. So, on Sunday Day, it s a place grantee of divine kindness, through of celebration of Pascal Christ, producing us the transformation to the life. The community celebrate the faith in god s Day in a sanctified in the spirit that was present in the creation, verbalized in the alliance of Sinai and incarnated in Christ. Sunday is the Spirit s Day, proceed in the church in a eucaristic celebration.

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Text in German / This thesis gives a short overview abont the anthropological term worldview and discusses various views of it. A historic resume of the situation of the metropolis Antiochia in Syria in the 4th century AD is followed by an analysis of some important aspects of the worldview of its inhabitants. A short account of the life and work of John Chrysostom is given and followed by an analysis of four of his homilies of the Gospel of Matthew. These are compared with own exegetical points of view of the same texts. The focus is directed to some topics where the influence of worfdview makes itself felt. In the last chapter some observations in connection with the influence of worldview on biblical interpretation ensue. The thesis closes with a short discussion of some missiological and hermeneutical consequences / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th. (Missiology)

Michael Servetus (1508 - 1553) and Emanuel Swedenborg (1688 - 1772) are both considered heretics. They share many concepts about the nature of God, especially their rejection orthodox Nicene and Chalcedonian theology. This thesis explores their respective theologies relating to the Trinity and Christology, with speculation of what sources they may have had in common. While attention is paid to Ignatius, Irenaeus and Tertullian, particular attention is paid to Tertullian, whose work Adversus Praxean lays the foundation of Servetus' ideas and has much in common with Swedenborg's theology. In light of their similarity to Tertullian, the question is asked if Servetus and Swedenborg would have been called heretics prior to Nicaea. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th. (Church History)