The impetus of this study is that by understanding the way John Chrysostom (flor. 398 AD) interprets the gifts of the Spirit (Charismata) as an Antiochene exegete, insights may be yielded as to how the general tendency of Antiochene exegetes may aid in the interpretation of 1 Corinthians 12:1-13:3, which in turn also contributes to the current research on the New Testament. This study asks the question: How does John Chrysostom, as typical Antiochene exegete, interpret the charismata? In order to address this problem, an inductive-deductive method is followed, in which the general characteristics of the Antiochene exegetical school will be examined and then an analysis of the homilies of John Chrysostom, specifically his corpus Homilies on 1 Corinthians, homily 29 to 32, is given. Each homily is examined in the light of its contents, with specific reference to certain traits typical of Antiochene exegesis, such as sensitivity to history, social- and cultural customs, as well as to the grammar and rhetoric of, in this instance, Paul the Apostle. A translation of each homily is also provided. Finally, their value for current research is expounded. Each homily is translated and evaluated from the basis of the ancient Greek text, in which the homilies were originally composed. The homilies are also evaluated in the light of primary and secondary sources as inter-texts. Since the homilies are verbal commentaries, early Christian literature (of approximately 100-700 AD) on the same topic, the primary sources, are compared with the homilies of Chrysostom. Other ancient sources, not necessarily Christian, of the same period or earlier are also incorporated. But it is also necessary to view the homilies within the context of modern commentaries. Thus, a number of modern secondary sources are also evaluated in the light of the homilies and vice versa. In conclusion, the homilies depict an insightful image on how the Antiochene exegetical school viewed the charismata, which in turn, also provides valuable insights for modern interpreters. In this study of the Wirkungsgeschichte of 1 Corinthians 12:1-13:3, one is reminded that, although these primary sources are dated, they are still unexpendable resources for the current study of 1 Corinthians and of the New Testament in general. / Dissertation (MA (Ancient Languages and Cultures Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Ancient Languages / unrestricted

No figure of fourth-century Christianity seems to be at once so well known and so clouded in mystery as Hilary of Poitiers. His work as an historian provides invaluable knowledge of the mid-fourth century, and he was praised as a theologian throughout late antiquity. Today, however, discussions of his theology are founded upon less solid ground. This is largely due to methodological issues. Modern scholarship has often read Hilary through anachronistic historical and theological categories which have rendered his thought incomprehensible. Recent scholars have sought to overcome this and to reexamine Hilary within his own historical, polemical, and theological context. Much remains to be said, however, in regard to Hilary's actual theological contribution within these contextual parameters. This thesis contends that in all of Hilary's polemical and constructive argumentation in De Trinitate, which is essentially trinitarian, he is inherently and necessarily developing an anthropology. In all he says about the divine, he is saying as much about what it means to be human. This thesis therefore seeks to reenvision Hilary's overall theological project in terms of the continual, and for him necessary, anthropological corollary of trinitarian theology-to reframe it in terms of a 'trinitarian anthropology'. My contention is that the coherence of Hilary's thought depends upon his understanding of divine-human relations. I will demonstrate this through following Hilary's main lines of trinitarian argument, out of which flows his anthropological vision. These main lines of argument, namely, divine generation, divine infinity, divine unity, the divine image, and divine humanity, each unfold into a progressive picture of humanity from potentiality to perfection. This not only provides a new paradigm for understanding Hilary's own thought, but invites us to reexamine our approach to fourth-century theology entirely, as it disavows any reading of the trinitarian controversies in conceptual abstraction. Further, theological and religious anthropology are widely discussed in contemporary scholarship, and Hilary's profound exploration of divine-human relations, and what it means to be a human being as a result, has much to offer both historical and contemporary concerns.

Théodulf d’Orléans (∼ 760 ?-821) est un évêque et un érudit de la Renaissance carolingienne qui participa activement aux réformes de son époque. Il laissa une abondante œuvre poétique en latin, composée d’environ soixante-dix poèmes pour un total d’environ quatre mille sept cents vers. La thèse en propose, dans le premier volume, une étude systématique qui suit l’ordre d’une collection médiévale connue grâce à l’editio princeps publiée en 1646 par J. Sirmond. Cette étude entend analyser les poèmes de Théodulf en les mettant en relation avec le contexte intellectuel, culturel et historique de la Renaissance carolingienne. Elle s’attache également à mettre à jour les sources patristiques de Théodulf. Partant des nombreux cas de paraphrases d'extraits d'Isidore de Séville, de Grégoire le Grand ou encore d'Augustin, elle s'efforced'en dégager les enjeux, non seulement exégétiques, théologiques ou encore ecclésiologiques, mais aussi poétiques. Le second volume contient une nouvelle édition critique des poèmes de Théodulf, fondée principalement sur l'editio princeps et sur une collation nouvelle d’une soixantaine de manuscrits. Cette édition est accompagnée de la première traductionintégrale en français des poèmes de Théodulf. Un triple étage de notes permet d'éclaircir certains passages, de relever les références scripturaires et d'indiquer les sources classiques et patristiques. Les annexes qui terminent le second volume ont pour but de faire le lien entre l'étude et les poèmes. La thèse, en associant étude, édition, traduction et annexes, s'efforce ainsi de rendre accessible une poésie subtile et complexe, qui illustre le caractère protéiforme de la Renaissance carolingienne. / Theodulf of Orléans (∼ 760 ?-821) was a bishop and scholar who, as part of the Carolingian Renaissance, actively engaged in the reforms of his time. He left a copious poetical oeuvre in Latin, comprising some seventy poems for an approximate total of four thousand and seven hundred lines. This thesis presents, in the first volume, a systematic study which follows the order of a medieval collection, known to us thanks to the editio princeps published in 1646 by J. Sirmond. This study aims at analysing Theodulf's poems by relating them with the intellectual, cultural and historical context of the Carolingian Renaissance. It also endeavours to bring to light Theodulf's patristic sources. Starting with the many paraphrases of extracts from Isidore of Seville, Gregory the Great or Augustine, it purposes to discover what is at stake in this practice, exegetically, theologically, ecclesiologically, but also poetically speaking. The second volume comprises a new critical edition of the poems, based for the main part on the editio princeps and on a new collation of some sixty manuscripts. This edition comes with the first complete translation of Theodulf's poems into French. Three layers of notes are used to clarify some passages, document the scriptural references and indicate the sources, classical as well as patristic. The appendices that close the second volume aim at establishing a link between the study and the poems. By associating study, edition, translation and appendices, the thesis endeavours to give a better access to a complex, subtle poetry, one that illustrates the protean quality of the Carolingian Renaissance.

La thèse est consacrée à l'étude de l'héritage littéraire de Sévérien, évêque de Gabala (Ve s.) conservé dans les traductions arménienne et géorgienne. L’Introduction générale esquisse l’histoire de la recherche sur Sévérien etsystématise les critères utilisés pour attribuer une oeuvre à cet auteur ; une étude essaie de retracer les débris de son corpus dispersé dans les manuscrits grecs et caucasiens ; une partie codicologique présente les manuscritscaucasiens utilisés. Quatre textes arméniens (CPG 4248, 4246-1, 4246-2, 4295.17a) et quatre textes géorgiens (CPG 4235, 4236-3, 4236a.4, 4214) sont édités et traduits en français ; chaque pièce est précédée par les notes d'introduction qui contiennent nos observations sur son attribution à Sévérien, aussi bien que sur le rapport de l'original grec avec la version caucasienne ancienne. Deux textes portant le nom de Sévérien en arménien (CPG 4669) et en arabe (CPG 4290) sont étudiés et publiés pour la première fois en Appendice. Deux Annexes contiennent les lexiques gréco-géorgien et géorgien-grec créés sur la base d’une lecture parallèle des textes de Sévérien édités simultanément en grec et en géorgien. / The thesis presents a study of the literary heritage of Severian of Gabala (Ve cent.) conserved in ancient Armenian and Georgian translations. The General Introduction surveys the previous research on Severian and systematizes the criteria used to attribute a text to this author; the separate pieces of Severian's corpus spread throughout the Greek and Caucasian manuscripts are also considered; a codicological part introduces the Caucasian manuscripts used in the work. Four Armenian (CPG 4248, 4246-1, 4246-2, 4295.17a) and four Georgian texts (CPG 4235, 4236-3, 4236a.4, 4214) are edited and translated into French; each piece is preceded by introductory notes which contain our observations on the Severian's authorship and on the relationship between the Greek original and its ancient Caucasian version. Two text bearing Severian's name in Armenian (CPG 4669) and in Arabic (CPG 4290) are studied and published for the first time in an Annex. Two further Annexes are constituted of the Greek-Georgian and the Georgian-Greek lexicons based on the parallel reading of the texts of Severian which are published at once in Greek and in Georgian.

Nous avons aspiré à mettre à lumière à travers ces travaux la façon dont la figure de Bethsabée fut appréhendée, interprétée et représentée dans la littérature et les arts, de la Bible à nos jours, à travers un choix d’œuvres varié. À la fois diachronique et comparatiste, la perspective que nous avons suivie repose sur la mise en regard du texte et de l’image ; elle est également fondée sur le rapprochement d’œuvres littéraires d’époques et de langues diverses, de façon à dévoiler les chaînes interprétatives qui se sont élaborées et répondues au fil des siècles autour de celle qui fut successivement la femme d’Urie, l’amante de David, la mère de Salomon et l’ancêtre du Messie. / This thesis of French and comparative Literature aims at highlighting the way the biblical figure of Bathsheba was perceived, interpreted and depicted in Literature and Arts, from the biblical backgrounds to our days, throughout a selection of various works. Both diachronic and comparatist, our analysis is mainly based on the parallel view of texts and images. It also lies on the simultaneous analysis of literary works belonging to different times and languages, in order to enhance the traditions which progressively emerged and responded to one another throughout the centuries about a woman who, in a single lifetime, was the wife of Uriah, the lover and spouse of king David, the mother of his son Solomon and one of the most subversive ancestors of Jesus Christ.

Cette thèse a pour objet d’établir une édition critique et une traduction du Commentaire d’Eusèbe de Césarée de quatre psaumes parmi les psaumes d’Asaph : les psaumes 49, 72, 77 et 82. Elle s’intéresse également à l’apport de la tradition indirecte, et à son utilisation par l’éditeur du Commentaire. Le Commentaire sur les Psaumes d’Eusèbe de Césarée est transmis, pour presque un tiers de l’ouvrage, en tradition directe, par le manuscrit Coislin 44. Pour le premier et le dernier tiers, la tradition directe fait défaut, et le Commentaire doit être reconstitué à l’aide de la tradition indirecte : les chaînes exégétiques sur le Psautier. Nous étudions, dans ce travail, le texte transmis par la première chaîne palestinienne et le texte transmis par la chaîne de Nicétas, et le confrontons, lorsque c’est possible, au texte transmis par le Coislin 44. Il ressort de cette étude que la première chaîne palestinienne transmet de longs fragments littéraux, susceptibles d’être utilisés par l’éditeur pour pallier la perte du texte en tradition directe (elle ne transmet toutefois pas le texte dans son intégralité). Elle permet également d’améliorer le texte de la tradition directe. L’apport des chaînes filles de la première chaîne palestinienne est de qualité inégale. Le nombre de fragments transmis, leur longueur et leur intérêt pour l’éditeur varient considérablement d’un manuscrit à l’autre. Enfin, l’utilisation de la chaîne de Nicétas reste délicate. Son utilisation ponctuelle reste possible, et parfois utile, mais la chaîne de Nicétas, seule, ne permet pas la reconstitution du texte perdu du Commentaire. / The purpose of this dissertation is to establish a critical edition and a translation of Eusebius of Caesarea’s Commentary on four of the Psalms of Asaph: the psalms 49, 72, 77 and 82. This dissertation also studies the contribution of the indirect tradition, and its use by the editor of the Commentary. Eusebius of Caesarea’s Commentary on the Psalms is transmitted, for almost a third of the book, by the direct tradition: the manuscript Coislin 44. The direct tradition is lacking for the first and last thirds, and the Commentary has to be edited using the indirect tradition: the exegetical catenae on the Psalms. We study, in this dissertation, the text transmitted by the first Palestinian catena and the text transmitted by Niceta’s catena, and we confront it, when it’s possible, to the text transmitted by the Coislin 44. This study shows that the first Palestinian catena transmits extended literal fragments. The editor can use these fragments to compensate the lack of the text in the direct tradition (but this catena doesn’t transmit the full text). The first Palestinian catena also improves the text of the direct tradition. The contribution of the catenae derived from the first Palestinian catena is of variable quality. The number of fragments transmitted, their length and their relevance for the editor vary considerably from one manuscript to another. Finally, the use of Niceta’s catena is quite difficult. Its use remains possible, and sometimes useful, but the only use of the Niceta’s catena doesn’t enable to edit the missing text of the Commentary.

The dissertation identifies the beacons of canon development during the first five hundred years of Christianity. These beacons are processes, events and certain persons from general as well as dogmatic history, which played a formative role in canon development. The beacons are placed within the historical, geographical and theological milieu, in which it took place. It especially emphasises the role of human conduct and decisions in the process of canon development. It provides a background of the development of a complex Judaism as the origin of Christianity, and demonstrates the continuous impact of Judaism on Christian canon development. The differences presented between these two independent religions are also mentioned. / Systematic Theology & Theological Ethics / M. Th. (Systematic Theology & Theological Ethics)

Le Liber contra collatorem est un traité composé par Prosper d’Aquitaine en 432-433, qui réfute les positions d’un certain « conférencier », c’est-à-dire l’auteur des Conférences, Jean Cassien. C’est dans cette œuvre que Prosper, défenseur de saint Augustin et de sa doctrine de la grâce, a pu fournir la critique la plus complète des théories propagées par les adversaires provençaux de l’évêque d’Hippone, en s’appuyant exclusivement sur des extraits tirés de la Conl. XIII « Sur la protection de Dieu ».En abordant, dans une première partie, les aspects les plus importants de l’œuvre (finalité du traité, modus operandi, genre littéraire, pratiques polémiques, enjeux théologiques), la présente thèse cherche à défendre l’hypothèse qu’en composant son Liber, Prosper a voulu constituer un dossier à charge suffisamment argumenté pour obtenir de l’évêque de Rome une condamnation officielle de ce que l’on a nommé le « semipélagianisme » et, par là, la reconnaissance de l’autorité de la doctrine augustinienne en matière de grâce. La seconde partie consiste en l’étude de l’ensemble de la tradition manuscrite du traité et des témoignages médiévaux le concernant, qui permet de mettre en évidence une histoire du texte aussi riche que complexe, qui justifie pleinement l’établissement d’une nouvelle édition – la première qui soit critique – de nature à corriger un textus receptus, datant de 1711, qui ne laisse pas d’être par endroits problématique. Cette édition est assortie d’une traduction française et d’une annotation destinée à éclairer les passages les plus importants ou les moins facilement compréhensibles du texte. / The Liber contra collatorem is a treatise written in 432-433 by Prosper of Aquitaine, who refutes the positions taken by a certain “lecturer”, by which John Cassian is meant, author of the Conferences. As an advocate of Augustine and of his doctrine of grace, Prosper has provided in this work most fully his criticism of the theories expressed by the bishop of Hippo’s Southern-French opponents. In order to do this, Prosper built only on excerpts from Conference nr. 13, “On the protection of God”. The first part of this thesis addresses the principal aspects of the work: the purpose of the treatise, the modus operandi, the literary genre, polemical practices, and theological issues. In doing so, this thesis defends the hypothesis that Prosper wrote his treatise in order to assemble a sufficiently argued file to obtain an official condemnation by the bishop of Rome of what has been called “Semipelagianism” and thus the recognition of the authority of the Augustinian doctrine of grace. The second part presents a study of the manuscript tradition of the treatise and of its medieval testimonies, which allows unraveling a rich and complex textual history. Hence, a new edition is justified, the first critical one, correcting and replacing the textus receptus dating from 1711, which is problematic at various points. The edition here presented is provided with a French translation and annotated in order to cast light on the most important or les easily comprehensible passages of the text.

The dissertation identifies the beacons of canon development during the first five hundred years of Christianity. These beacons are processes, events and certain persons from general as well as dogmatic history, which played a formative role in canon development. The beacons are placed within the historical, geographical and theological milieu, in which it took place. It especially emphasises the role of human conduct and decisions in the process of canon development. It provides a background of the development of a complex Judaism as the origin of Christianity, and demonstrates the continuous impact of Judaism on Christian canon development. The differences presented between these two independent religions are also mentioned. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Systematic Theology & Theological Ethics)

Successivement veuve de Berthold Rembolt et de Claude Chevallon, Charlotte Guillard hérite en 1537 du plus ancien atelier typographique français, le Soleil d'Or, dont elle conduit l'activité durant près de vingt années. Sous sa direction, l'atelier parvient à accaparer deux marchés spécifiques : textes de droit savant et ouvrages des Pères de l'Église. La thèse vise à interroger les conditions de réalisation de ce programme éditorial. On y présente les modalités matérielles de production et de commercialisation des ouvrages. On met ainsi en évidence la forte implication de la parentèle de Charlotte Guillard à tous les niveaux de la chaîne éditoriale, et la coexistence de réseaux de collaborateurs qui, en dépit de motivations intellectuelles et idéologiques parfois divergentes, parviennent à faire œuvre commune. À travers une enquête mobilisant à la fois les sources archivistiques, l'analyse matérielle des ouvrages imprimés et la lecture des préfaces et épîtres liminaires, la monographie permet d'écrire une histoire concrète de l'activité intellectuelle qui tienne compte des conditions idéologiques, sociales et économiques de sa mise en œuvre / Widow of Berthold Rembolt first, then of Claude Chevallon, Charlotte Guillard became in 1537 heiress of France's oldest typography workshop. With Charlotte Guillard at its head, the Soleil d'Or managed to monopolise two specific markets, the law texts and the works of the Church Fathers. The purpose of our thesis is to investigate the practical conditions which made these publications possible. It will highlight the material arrangements of the production and selling of those books, and focus at the people who stayed at Charlotte Guillard's side. This will allow us to demonstrate the importance of her relatives at every step of the process, and to show the coexistence of various networks of collaborators who manage to work on a common basis despite, at times, opposite intellectual and ideological motivations. Calling on manuscript archives, physical bibliography, and an analysis of the prefaces and liminary epistles, this monograph allows us to write a holistic history of the intellectual endeavour, taking into account all the ideological, social and economic conditions entering in its construction