University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

Submitted by Bruna Jachemet (brunajachemet@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-10T01:03:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC_Capa Azul Com ficha.pdf: 2382551 bytes, checksum: 7e4dfb147058e68cf91e4e316384c39b (MD5) / Rejected by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br), reason: Prezada Bruna, boa noite. Para que possamos aprovar sua dissertação, serão necessárias as seguintes alterações: - Títulos da tese e das páginas (agradecimentos, sumário, resumo, abstract) devem estar em letra maiúscula e NEGRITO); - Seu nome, e o da Escola, também em negrito. Por gentileza, alterar e submeter novamente. Obrigada. on 2018-04-11T22:17:44Z (GMT) / Submitted by Bruna Jachemet (brunajachemet@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-12T00:49:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC_Capa Azul Com ficha_com nova regra FGV.pdf: 2382745 bytes, checksum: 0ab0dc0e35c50a19d1a3d88c37a77775 (MD5) / Rejected by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br), reason: Bruna, boa noite! O título COMPLETO do seu trabalho "A REGULAÇÃO DOS PAGAMENTOS ELETRÔNICOS: interoperabilidade e desafios jurídicos" deve estar em letra maiúscula (A REGULAÇÃO DOS PAGAMENTOS ELETRÔNICOS: INTEROPERABILIDADE E DESAFIOS JURÍDICOS). Por gentileza, alterar e submeter novamente para que possamos aprová-lo. Obrigada! on 2018-04-12T21:10:11Z (GMT) / Submitted by Bruna Jachemet (brunajachemet@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-13T20:17:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC_Capa Azul Com ficha_com nova regra FGV_segunda alteracao.pdf: 2382796 bytes, checksum: 5acf03d8c1c891763f10a56be7aa758d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2018-04-16T19:00:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC_Capa Azul Com ficha_com nova regra FGV_segunda alteracao.pdf: 2382796 bytes, checksum: 5acf03d8c1c891763f10a56be7aa758d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-04-17T13:22:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC_Capa Azul Com ficha_com nova regra FGV_segunda alteracao.pdf: 2382796 bytes, checksum: 5acf03d8c1c891763f10a56be7aa758d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-17T13:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC_Capa Azul Com ficha_com nova regra FGV_segunda alteracao.pdf: 2382796 bytes, checksum: 5acf03d8c1c891763f10a56be7aa758d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-16 / Os pagamentos eletrônicos são aqueles realizados por meio de redes de tecnologia, como os pagamentos por cartão de crédito. Os arranjos de pagamento foram regulados pelo Banco Central do Brasil a partir do ano de 2013. Um dos princípios trazidos pela regulação é o da interoperabilidade, que consiste, no âmbito da tecnologia, na capacidade de interconexão e interação entre dispositivos e redes. O presente estudo é fundamentado na teoria de interoperabilidade e na análise da conceituação e da aplicação da interoperabilidade no âmbito dos arranjos de pagamento. O ponto de partida do estudo é a análise histórica sobre os meios de pagamentos eletrônicos, com o objetivo de ilustrar o cenário que levou à regulação desses meios no Brasil. São examinados os diferentes tipos de arranjos de pagamento e, na sequência, a composição dos arranjos de pagamento e os papéis de cada ator os compõe. A rede de contratos que se estabelece entre esses atores é também examinada, a fim de compreender a interação e a distribuição de responsabilidades entre os componentes dos arranjos de pagamento. A partir dessa contextualização, é possível avaliar como ocorre a interoperabilidade no âmbito dos arranjos de pagamento. O conceito de interoperabilidade é abordado à luz da teoria da interoperabilidade, do conceito da regulação e de exemplos. São avaliados os diferentes tipos de interoperabilidade para ilustrar as formas como esta ocorre, seus benefícios e seus riscos, assim como possíveis impactos sobre a concorrência e a inovação. São examinadas as referências à interoperabilidade na legislação brasileira e a regulação da interoperabilidade nos pagamentos eletrônicos, bem como são mapeadas as disputas entre as diferentes intepretações sobre o conceito de interoperabilidade nos pagamentos eletrônicos. O objetivo é, ao final do trabalho, avaliar a adoção da interoperabilidade em observância à teoria da interoperabilidade e aos fundamentos da regulação, assim como perquirir os possíveis impactos da interoperabilidade na inovação e na concorrência nos meios de pagamento eletrônicos. / Electronic payments are those made through technology networks, such as credit card payments. The payment networks – so called payment arrangements – were regulated by the Brazilian Central Bank from the year 2013. One of the principles brought about by regulation is the interoperability one, which consists, in the ​​technology field, in the ability to interconnect and interact between devices and networks. This study is based on interoperability theory and the analysis of the conceptualization and application of interoperability in the context of payment arrangements. The starting point of the study is the historical analysis of the means of electronic payments with the objective of illustrate the scenario that led to the regulation of electronic payment means in Brazil. The different types of payment arrangements and, subsequently, the composition of the payment arrangements and the roles of each actor that composes them are examined. The network of contracts that is established between these actors is also examined in order to understand the interaction and distribution of responsibilities between the components of the payment arrangements. From this contextualization, it is possible to assess how interoperability occurs in the context of payment arrangements. The concept of interoperability is approached from the theory of interoperability, the concept of regulation and examples. The different types of interoperability are analyzed to illustrate how it occurs, its benefits and risks, as well as possible impacts on competition and innovation. The references to interoperability in Brazilian legislation, and the regulation of interoperability in electronic payments are analyzed, and the disputes and concept among the different interpretations on the concept of interoperability in electronic payments are mapped. At the end of the paper, the objective is to evaluate the adoption of interoperability in accordance with the theory of interoperability and the fundamentals of regulation, as well as to investigate the possible impacts of interoperability on innovation and competition in electronic payment means.

Följande uppsats är resultatet av en studie där kunder intervjuades om vilka förväntningar de har i en situation där betalsystemen skulle sluta fungera. Studien är en del i ett större projekt som heter Creating Collaborative Resilience Awareness, Analysis and Action for the Finance, Food and Fuel Systems in INteractive Games (CCRAAAFFFTING) som görs på uppdrag från MSB (Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap). Syftet med studien är att genom att förstå kundens perspektiv kan CCRAAAFFFTING-projektet förbättra sin försöks- och träningsmiljö i simuleringarna och på så sätt bidra till att förbättra samhällets resiliens rörande störningar i betalsystemen. Studiens frågeställningar utgår från en situation där betalsystemen inte fungerar och lyder: Vad förväntar sig kunden att den får tillgång till?När då? Vad är kunden förberedd på?Hur skiljer sig detta hos olika kundgrupper? Frågeställningarna besvarades genom intervjuer med personer inom olika kundgrupper. Intervjuerna spelades in med diktafon, transkriberades och analyseras därefter med tematisk analys. Den tematiska analysen gav upphov till följande överteman: Vad som finns hemma, När krisen är framme, När betalkorten inte fungerar och Vem som har ansvar. Första temat har undertemana Kontanter finns av en slump och Att klara sig 72 timmar utan att handla. Andra övertemat har undertemana Hållbara varor och Vikten av information. Tredje övertemat har följande underteman: Oro för att bankomaternas pengar tar slut, Hopp när kontanterna tar slut och Alternativa lösningar på problemet. Fjärde övertemat har följande underteman: Affärernas ansvar, Bankernas ansvar och Regeringens och statens ansvar. Slutsatsen är att människor som bor på landet har bättre resiliens och skulle klara sig längre i en situation där betalsystemen slutar fungera, jämfört med personer som bor mer centralt i staden och att det behövs mer information om betalsystem för att människor ska kunna få en bättre resiliens och minskad oro för vad som skulle kunna hända. / The following thesis is the result of a study of costumer interviews about anticipations in a situation where the payment systems stop working. The study is a part of a greater project called Creating Collaborative Resilience Awareness, Analysis and Action for the Finance, Food and Fuel Systems in INteractive Games (CCRAAAFFFTING), commissioned by MSB (the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency). The purpose of the study is that by understanding the costumer’s perspective the CCRAAAFFFTING project can improve its training environment in the simulations and thereby better the resilience of the society in terms of disruptions in the payment systems. Following are the study’s research questions based on a situation where the payment systems stop working: What does the costumer expect to get access to?When? What is the costumer prepared for?How does this differ among different costumer groups? The research questions were answered by interviews with people within different costumer groups. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed by thematic analysis. The thematic analysis resulted in the following main themes: What to be found at home, When the crisis is present, When the debit cards does not work and Who is responsible. The first theme has the sub themes Having cash is random and To manage 72 hours without shopping. Second main theme has the sub themes Durable products and The importance of information. The third main theme has the following sub themes: Worry about cash machines running out of money, Hope when cash run out and Alternative solutions to the problem. The fourth main theme has the following sub themes: The responsibility of the stores, The responsibility of the banks and The responsibility of the government and the state. The result shows that people living in the countryside have greater resilience than those who live in the city, in a situation where the payment systems stop working, compared to people living in the city centre, and that people need more information about payment systems to get a better resilience and reduced concerns for what might happen.

Magister Legum - LLM

Electronic Payment Systems (EPS) are gaining popularity all over the world. An EPS consists of many component technologies which facilitate cashless payments for services. The focus of this thesis is on device associated technologies that an end customer uses to initiate an e-payment for a particular service via a Payment Service Provider (PSP). A technology solution in an EPS is developed by a Payment Solution Developer (PSD). The market between a PSP and a PSD is a B2B market. A PSD must understand and develop that combination of technology and service which will successfully diffuse. The success of a PSP therefore depends a lot on what a PSD develops. A theoretical framework to measure diffusion of e-payment technologies, services and their combinations in the B2B market was developed and empirically assessed in this thesis. Two concepts namely concept of breadth and concept of spread were defined. The concept of breadth and spread were applied to e-payment technologies, services and their combinations. The derived concepts namely technology breadth, service breadth, technology spread, service spread and technology-service combination spread were defined and measured. We then extended the concept of breadth to understand utilization of technologies and services within an EPS. Set theory was used to describe the framework. A sample of 45 EPS was compiled from various sources. This secondary data of EPS consisted of 8 technologies and 16 services. The 8 technologies are Interactive Voice Response (IVR), text messaging using Short Messaging Service (SMS), text messaging using Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), mobile internet using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), mobile application, Near Field Communication (NFC), Personal Computer (PC) internet and smart card. The 16 services are retail shopping payment, banking, health payment, insurance payment, mobile bill payment, mobile recharge, money transfer, movie ticket booking, parking fee payment, restaurant payment, payment at sports/swimming club, toll payment, transportation payment, tuition fee payment, utilities payment, and vending machine payment. Three categories of PSPs namely core payment service providers (n=18), non-core payment service providers (n=12) and merchants (n=15) were identified from the 45 EPS. Binomial proportion test was used to verify the concepts of breadth and spread. Spearman correlation was used to find correlation between the concept of breadth and spread of technologies and services. The 45 EPS in the sample were then grouped under three sub groups based on the categories of their PSPs. Binomial tests were used within each sub group to understand the preferences of technologies, services and their combinations by each category. The results verified that certain e-payment technologies possess more breadth i.e., capability to deliver many e-payment services and certain e-payment services possess more breadth i.e., delivered by many e-payment technologies. A difference in diffusion i.e., spread of technologies, services and their combinations were observed. Details of these differences are discussed in this thesis for technologies, services and their combinations. A positive correlation was observed between the concept of breadth and spread. Specialization of technologies, services and their combinations within categories of PSPs were observed. Variations in utilization of technologies and services by EPS were observed.

The masters thesis Payments and position of SEPA payments in payment systems deals with the transition of the national payment system to SEPA payment instruments in the Czech Republic, which is coming into force this year. Banks will have to fulfil requirement of interoperability and will have to be able to proceed payments in XML form. The theoretical part defines payments by the payment form and territorial payments in the first chapter. In the 2nd chapter, the legal framework with focus on new legislation affecting the completion and implementation of the SEPA requirements is described. The following two chapters are devoted to payment systems in the Czech Republic, European Union and telecommunication network SWIFT. The 5th chapter discusses about the SEPA project, with the main emphasis on the definition of SEPA instruments. The practical part is dedicated to analysis of foreign payment fees in selected banks with a focus on individuals.

The work deals with the analysis of security management in company selling goods trought the stone shop and the electronic commerce. The assets and threats affecting them were identified and an analysis of risks and selected measures was evaluated. The work is based on the theoretical background from series of standards ISO/IEC 27000 given in the first part of it.

The main subject of this masters thesis is to familiarize with technologies used to realization of online payment systems on internet. The document is more detailed focused on realization of internet banking, credit card payment, payment via SMS and on systems of internet wallets like PayPal and Moneybookers. There are proposed several criteria that are used to compare the payment methods, what was also a motivation for more detailed study of methods. These payment methods are compared from the user point of view, and from the perspective of integration these systems to the existing applications, which led us to work on the manual with user guides about how to integrate these payment methods to the web sites, what is also a contribution of this masters thesis.

Из-за сформировавшихся внешне и внутренне политических условий, снижение зависимости экономики РФ от внешних факторов становится все более приоритетным направлением развития. Более того, имеется ряд проблем, связанных с недостаточно эффективным развитием нецентральных районов. В их числе проблемы миграции, низкого уровня рождаемости и другие. Более того, изменяется роль институтов государства и местного самоуправления по отношению к гражданскому обществу. Тем самым возникает потребность в разработке и внедрении современных механизмов функционирования местных сообществ для достижения долгосрочных целей социально-экономического развития муниципальных образований. Указанные обстоятельства актуализируют изучение цифровой финансовой экосистемы местных сообществ. Учитывая вышесказанное, целью работы является разработка методики идентификации отдельного экономического агента на предмет его потенциальной принадлежности к локальному экономическому сообществу. Для этого были проанализированы данные о банковских транзакциях. Замкнутые цепи обмена были найдены. Также были рассчитаны 4 типа коэффициентов для определения полезности потенциального включения в сеть экономического агента. И были рассмотрены 4 возможных стратегии развития местного сообщества. Рассчитан экономический эффект. / Due to the formed external and internal political conditions, reducing the dependence of the Russian economy on external factors is becoming an increasingly priority area of development. Moreover, there are a number of problems associated with the insufficiently effective development of non-central regions. Among them are the problems of migration, low birth rate and others. Moreover, the role of state and local government institutions in relation to civil society is changing. Thus, there is a need for the development and implementation of modern mechanisms for the functioning of local communities to achieve long-term goals of socio-economic development of municipalities. These circumstances actualize the study of the digital financial ecosystem of local communities. Considering the above, the aim of the work is to develop a methodology for identifying an individual economic agent for its potential belonging to the local economic community. For this, data on banking transactions were analyzed. Closed circuits of exchange have been found. Also, 4 types of coefficients were calculated to determine the usefulness of a potential inclusion in the network of an economic agent. And 4 possible strategies for the development of the local community were considered. The economic effect is calculated.