La santé est un domaine particulier au sein duquel les intérêts humains sont confrontés à la réalité du coût de la délivrance de soins. Dans ce contexte, il faut alors s'interroger sur une question particulière qu'est la gestion du risque pénal par les établissements de santé. Cette problématique est essentielle car la protection de la santé et la préservation de l'intégrité corporelle des patients, mais également des personnels et de tout intervenant extérieur, sont au cœur de leur activité. Leur objectif est alors de soigner en faisant face à un grand nombre de contraintes, sanitaires mais aussi économiques, en évitant la réalisation du risque pénal, et même en maintenant le niveau de ce dernier au minimum et ainsi éviter l'engagement d'une quelconque responsabilité pénale. / The health is a particular domain within which the human interests are confronted with the reality of the cost of the delivery of care. In this context, it is then necessary to wonder about a particular question that is the management of the penal risk by the establishments of health. This problem is essential because the protection of the health and the conservation of the physical integrity of the patient, but also the staffs and every outside person, are at the heart of their activity. Their objective is then to look after by facing a large number of constraints, sanitary but also economic, by avoiding the realization of the penal risk, and same by maintaining the level of the latter at least and so avoid the commitment of any penal responsibility.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-12-03T17:13:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sílvia Maria Gonçalves Santos de Lacerda - 2002.pdf: 515502 bytes, checksum: a6d159edda0641f849ebfcf6fc2c44d7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-12-04T14:49:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sílvia Maria Gonçalves Santos de Lacerda - 2002.pdf: 515502 bytes, checksum: a6d159edda0641f849ebfcf6fc2c44d7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-04T14:49:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sílvia Maria Gonçalves Santos de Lacerda - 2002.pdf: 515502 bytes, checksum: a6d159edda0641f849ebfcf6fc2c44d7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-04-26 / The environmental crimes have been a reason of ostentation all over the Word. The judiciary has been finding difficulty to individualize the responsible for such criminal acts the environment. The research in discussion is themed: “The responsibility of the legal entity in the penal range in such crimes as the contamination of the potable water according to hydric resources”. In this purpose, the references of environmental crimes throughout the word were discussed in wide variety, and also the rhetoric function of the expression “sustainable development” was analyzed, as well, starting from the fact of recognition that susceptibility is the natural principal and it cannot be substituted by developer, hurrying on to rapidly avoid its destruction. Through bibliographic and field research, some doctrinaire commentaries were emphasized about the understanding of the true environmental problematic, insinuating vulnerable points referring to the self object of word, such as the neglect of the public government according to environmental protection, who are the responsible for the contamination of the potable water and some other questions related to the topic in discussion. Furthermore, the chapter “from the waters” relates about the volume of the ocean water throughout the globe, showing its resources, its provenance with the contaminated sources, highlighting the industry as the biggest water contamination of all. Some quotations entitled as “juridical tutelage” commented about the legal guardianship of the water in the federal constitution of Brazil as relevant and some other legal definitions as well. Institute treated in the comparison of law, analyzing the institutional laws that distinguished themselves by establishing laws that will preserve the hydric resources on the planet. The environmental politic in Brazil had importance in many blanches of law study, the tutelage of the environment. Although all of the evolution of the civil responsibility theory, reaching up to the objective responsibility, by applying different sanctions, going from giving away fines to the obligations of recovering the environment, even though it shows not being so efficient to solve the problem, as little as it seems, produces side effects in many other biomes. The main aspect of the research was to show the penal responsibility of the legal entity due to the contamination states that the legal entity is also responsible for the environmental crimes, such as the law of “environmental crimes” as seen in article 225, third paragraph, first cut. It also shows that the juridical corporation in the entity responsible for such crimes in the civil and penal range, and also administrable responsible for the environmental crimes, establishing sanctions to be comminated in many areas of law study. / Os crimes ambientais que tem sido motivo de alarde em todo o universo. O judiciário tem encontrado dificuldades em individuar os responsáveis por tais condutas criminosas ao meio ambiente. A pesquisa ora em questão tem como tema: “A responsabilidade da pessoa jurídica no âmbito penal nos crimes de contaminação de água potável em relação à poluição dos recursos hídricos”. Nesse propósito inicialmente foram abordados de forma ampla, referências sobre os crimes ambientais no mundo, momento em que foi também analisada a função retórica da expressão “desenvolvimento sustentável”, partindo-se do reconhecimento de que a sustentabilidade é o capital natural e este não é substituível pelo fabricado, urgindo evitar urgentemente sua destruição. Através da pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, foram destacados comentários doutrinários e legais sobre a compreensão da verdadeira problemática ambiental, pontos vulneráveis referentes ao próprio objeto de trabalho, tais como a omissão do poder público quanto a preservação ambiental, quem são os responsáveis pela contaminação da água potável e outras questões referentes ao tema. Em passo seguinte - no capítulo “Das águas”, tratou-se do volume das águas no planeta, a forma de sua apresentação, a procedência dos elementos contaminantes, ressaltando a indústria como a maior contaminadora das águas entre tantas. Foi relevante num terceiro momento, algumas citações intituladas como “Da tutela Jurídica”, onde comentou-se sobre a disposição legal das águas nas Constituições do Brasil e outras definições legais no mesmo sentido. Instituto tratado no direito comparado, analisando as legislações que mais se destacaram ao instituir leis com objetivo de preservar os recursos hídricos no planeta. A política ambiental no Brasil teve importância nos vários ramos do direito, a tutela do meio ambiente. Apesar de toda evolução da teoria da responsabilidade civil, chegando até mesmo à responsabilidade objetiva, com aplicação de sanções diferenciadas, indo da aplicação de multa à obrigatoriedade de se recuperar o ambiente danificado, embora demonstrando não ser suficiente para solucionar o problema, que por menor que seja, produz reflexos em vários outros biomas. O cerne da pesquisa foi apontar a responsabilidade penal da pessoa jurídica em razão da contaminação da água potável em razão de se constatar que a Constituição Federal ao dispor no artigo 225 § 3º, inciso I, que a pessoa jurídica também é responsável pelos crimes ambientais, bem como a lei “dos crimes ambientais” também preveja a corporação jurídica responsável no âmbito civil, penal e administrativamente pelos crimes ecológicos, estatuindo sanções a serem cominadas nas diversas áreas do direito.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:21:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isabel Maria de Sousa.pdf: 335945 bytes, checksum: 7a08a02b9414890e9241743f00e0465a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-18 / This study has the objective to investigate human violence, such as homicide, committed under emotional or passionate states, that holds crime as a human characteristic. Throughout this theme, the thesis states that crimes committed under these emotional states cannot be used to justify homicide, or to lower penal sentences, but to explain them. Emotion and passion can only eliminate penal sentences when derived from psychological pathologies that incapacitate the understanding and wanting of the person. Crimes of passion have an integrated cognitive conscience and affection, failing the murderer only the ethical control over his decisions. The thesis also states that passion that kills doesn't derive from love or honor, but from a homocidal instinct. However, the passional murderer is responsible for the legal consequences of the crime. The case study explores the subject object world relationship, under various perspectives: such as psychological and psychiatric points of view, being the reason why this study focuses on the fenomenological method of diagnosing the subjects researched. The analysis of the results shows the need to better comprehend the facts and experiences of passionate homicide, to create a rupture in the legal penal system, in its process, diagnosis and penal sentences. / Este estudo tem o objetivo de investigar a violência humana no crime de homicídio, cometido sob os estados emotivos ou passionais, situando-se em uma vertente que apreende o crime como fenômeno real, humano. Ao enfrentar o tema, a sustentação recai na tese que os estados emocionais ou passionais não podem ser utilizados como componentes para justificar o homicídio, diminuir ou atenuar a pena, senão para explicá-lo. A emoção e a paixão somente podem elidir a imputabilidade penal quando derivadas de patologias do psiquismo humano, que impedem a capacidade de entender e querer do agente. No crime passional, os aspectos afetivo e cognitivo da consciência mantêm-se íntegros, faltando ao homicida o domínio ético sobre suas decisões. Também se sustenta que a paixão que mata não deriva do sentimento de amor ou de honra íntima, mas de instinto homicida. Portanto, o criminoso passional é imputável e responsável pelas conseqüências jurídicas do crime. O estudo de caso explora a relação sujeitoobjeto- mundo, sob perspectivas psicológica, psiquiátrica, psicopatológica e jurídico-penal, razão pela qual este estudo focaliza a aplicação do método fenomenológico no diagnóstico dos sujeitos pesquisados. A análise de resultados assinala a necessidade de aprofundar a compreensão da experiência e dos fatos homicidas considerados passionais, para provocar uma ruptura do pragmatismo dogmático do sistema jurídico penal no processo de seu diagnóstico, imputação, imputabilidade e penalização.

Le secret professionnel est un concept qui a connu un succès sans précédant dans la plupart des pays à l’échelle internationale. Il s’est généralisé à toutes les professions et à tous les domaines, de telle sorte qu’il devient aujourd’hui un élément indispensable dans tous les secteurs d’activités. C’est pourquoi, le législateur lui réserve une place privilégiée dans l’arsenal juridique. Notre droit positif, en s’inspirant des législations des pays démocratiques, prévoit des règles spéciales applicables à l’obligation du secret professionnel. En effet, l’article 446 du code pénal marocain pose le principe général du secret professionnel. Il met à la charge des professionnels une obligation générale de ne pas révéler au grand public des secrets confiés par leurs clients. Cette obligation légale relève de l’ordre public à laquelle on ne peut y déroger.L'application de la règle générale du secret professionnel souffre toutefois d'exceptions dans les hypothèses expressément et limitativement définies par la loi ou expressément prévues par les parties dans leurs conventions. Ces dérogations sont généralement établies au profit d'administrations et d'autorités administratives et judiciaires, de collectivités, services et organismes publics. En dehors de ces cas limitativement prévus par la loi qui autorisent larévélation par le professionnel du secret de nature professionnelle, il existe d’autres hypothèses de la levée de tels secrets, sans pour autant engager la responsabilité du confident. Il en ira ainsi, de l’infraction du blanchiment d’argent et le domaine des nouvelles technologies d’information et de communication, communément appelé le domaine duNumérique. La violation du secret professionnel par un agent de l'Administration entraîne l'application de sanctions pénales et, le cas échéant, de sanctions civiles, sans préjudice des sanctions disciplinaires pour manquement à la discrétion professionnelle. / Professional secrecy is a concept that has known unprecedented success in most countries worldwide. It has been generalized to all professions and areas such that it has become an indispensable tool for all sectors. For this reason, the legislature has placed professional secrecy on a privileged level of the legal arsenal. Our Positive Law, drawing on the laws of democratic countries, lays down special rules applicable to the obligation of professional secrecy. Indeed, Article 446 of the Moroccan Penal Code establishes the general principle of confidentiality. It imposes on professionals a general obligation not to disclose customers’ secrets to the public. This legal obligation relates to public order; from which we cannot derogate. The implementation of the general rule of professional secrecy allows exceptions in certain cases expressly and restrictively defined by law or expressly provided by parties in their agreements. These obligations are generally drawn up for administrations, administrative and judiciary authorities, communities, government departments and agencies. Apart from these legally prescribed and limited cases which authorize disclosure of professional secrets, thereexist other instances which permit the lifting of such secrets, without, however, engaging the liability of the confidant.This could be applicable to the infraction of money laundering and to the field of new information and communication technologies, commonly called the Digital Domain. The violation of professional secrecy by an agent of the Administration entails the execution of penal sanctions and, eventually, civil penalties, without prejudice to disciplinary sanctions forviolating professional secrecy.

Criminal behaviour among youths is spread so widely, that almost every youth has committed one criminal aktivity at least. The top of the criminal activities of youth committers came in the half nineties. Since that time, there have been noticed new trends in youth{\crq}s criminality development. The average age of committers decreases, the brutality of crime increases and there came out new kinds of crime (children prostitution, drug criminality). In the last time it is more often discussed lowering the age limit of penal responsibility. It would be since 14 years. A new penal legislative could be authorized at the break of this and next year. This diploma work aims to chart the society{\crq}s attitude towards criminal activity of youths in chosen areas of south bohemian region. Individual points of this work are orientated towards the attitudes to the age limit of penal responsibility, to the current legislative reform in punishable activities of youths; to risky factors which cause arise of criminal behaviour. The first hypothesis was set up on the thought, that the risky factor which has an effect on arising the criminal behaviour of youths is preferred by the public in consistence in parents bringing up to school setting. Hypothesis I. was confirmed. Hypothesis one claimed that the laic public is not partisan of setting op cameras at schools. This hypothesis was disapproved. Hypothesis II. assumed that positive laic public{\crq}s attitude are for lowering the age limit of penal responsibility. This hypothesis was confirmed. Before the research, there had come out a hypothesis III. which assumes professionals positive attitude towards lowering the age limit of penal responsibility. There was pursued a research with some professionals work in a field of penal affairs of youths. There was made a half standardized interview. In the second part was done a quatitative research. That research was realized on the selective set which had 210 respondents. Some inhabitants of České Budějovice and Český Krumlov regions took part in this research. The main implement used in this research was a semantic diferencial. This diploma work should help to spread awareness and knowledge of the crime problematic of youths. Next usage could be used by professionals who are interestend in attitudes towards this problematic.