1 Abstract The diploma thesis focuses on defining the factors that significantly influence the frame of the pension reform in years 1990-2017. It observes the evolution of the predominant discourses relevant to each period, as well as the role of political parties, both from the point of view of individual governments and during their activity within the expert committees focusing on adjustments to the pension system. The thesis analyses the election programmes of political parties and movements, which are then confronted with the submitted variants within the I Bezděk Committee and the Expert Committee on Pension Reform. There is also a role analysis of other selected participants, who significantly contributed to the creation of possible reform options. The thesis finds answers to the set hypotheses dedicated to the issue of political parties and their interest and possible consistency in the field of pension reform. The impact of the created coalitions on the deviations from the originally declared intentions and the expert committee's influence on the possible form of the pension reform are discussed, too. Theories of discourse institutionalism, the theory of agenda setting, and the theory of framing were used as theoretical starting points. Within the methodology, the author applies mainly the...

The present thesis focuses on the comparison of the Czech pension system before 2010 with the one after the changes made in 2010-2013. The parameters of the first pillar which changed in the mentioned period are analysed. The partial adjustments of the first pillar are viewed by prism of the following criteria: budget accountability, quality of life, solidarity, contributory principles, participation and the persistence of the chosen solution in the time. Furthermore the thesis focuses on the effects induced by the implementation of the second pillar. And last but not least is attention paid to the chosen components of the third pillar, which under went changes in 2010-2013 years. Important part of the thesis is a research conducted by online questionnaire, which aimed to find out what knowledge about the pension system and its changes in 2010-2013, do the citizens have. Theoretical bases includes the theory of path dependency, the theory of institutionalism, the welfare state theory and the criterion anchoring. The present thesis applies the method of analysis of secondary data and the method of comparative analysis. To obtain secondary data, methods of document and data record searching are used. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This thesis focuses on the possible options for pension reform in the Czech Republic and their impact on family budgets, both in terms of payments in the economically active age, and then from the amount of pension at retirement age. In the theoretical (methodological) part are several possible scenarios of pension reform chosen from proposals to the Czech Republic and from the pension systems applied abroad too. There are described the main pillars and main differences between them and of course the difference from the current state of pension system in the Czech Republic. The entire chapter is devoted to the current state of pension system, because it is the starting point for each of the reforms. After describing all options of pension reforms in the theoretical (methodological) part, we focus on the practical part. There are described several model participants and for each participant are calculated present payments and future revenues, which depends on the variant of the reform. According to this testing we search for such a pension reform, that would be the best across social and income groups. At the end is this testing evaluated and the results of the entire work interpreted.

My thesis is concerned to old age pension scheme issue in the Czech republic conditions. There is an analyse of PAYG and funded system from individual point of view. The aim of this work is to construct a model which would be able to inform individuals about the effectiveness of each current pension pillar. Model of comparison defined pension age break-even point, which represent age when the total amount of contributions payd are equal to retired pay received. By using original model, it is possible to find minimum desired value of returns from private pension funds.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAROLINA ARANTES NEUBER LIMA.pdf: 820640 bytes, checksum: 1e0d297af38fb0293a787d61e7e8c746 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / This study is meant to examine the model of social security system of Brazilians rural workers, correlating it with existing models in the legal system of other sovereign States, classifying it and promoting an analysis of its economic-financial and actuarial viability in light of historical, legal and socioeconomic national context. By recognizing the social security as a social right founded on the principle of solidarity and the social welfare for rural workers as a fundamental right, constitutionally fixed in the Brazilian law, the research presents the categories of rural workers currently appointed in the national legal system, introducing the pension benefits available to each one of them. Finally, it aims to verify the contribution of the pension system of the Brazilian rural workers to the actuarial and financial balance or unbalance of the social security system, indicating the possible future implications. Despite the use of historical and socioeconomic information, justified by the interdisciplinarity of this master degree program, the work tried to highlight the legal aspect and its evolution. The search result is therefore intended to demonstrate the importance of the path covered by Brazilian legislation and the future challenges relating to the social security model for rural workers. / O presente trabalho tem por intuito examinar o modelo de previdência social do trabalhador rural brasileiro, correlacionando-o com modelos existentes no ordenamento jurídico de outros Estados soberanos, classificando-o e promovendo uma análise sobre sua viabilidade econômico-financeira e atuarial em face do contexto histórico, jurídico e socioeconômico nacional. Através do reconhecimento da seguridade social como direito social lastreado no princípio da solidariedade e da previdência social do trabalhador rural como direito fundamental constitucionalmente previsto na legislação brasileira, apresenta-se as categorias de trabalhadores rurais atualmente previstas no sistema normativo pátrio e os benefícios a elas acessíveis. Busca-se, por fim, verificar a contribuição do regime previdenciário do trabalhador rural brasileiro para o equilíbrio ou desequilíbrio atuarial e financeiro do sistema de seguridade social, indicando as possíveis implicações futuras. Em que pese a utilização de dados históricos e socioeconômicos, justificados pela interdisciplinaridade do programa de mestrado em Direito, Relações Internacionais e Desenvolvimento da PUC-GO, procurou-se destacar o aspecto jurídico e sua evolução. O resultado da pesquisa pretende, assim, demonstrar a importância do caminho trilhado pela legislação brasileira e os desafios futuros em relação à previdência social do trabalhador rural.

Due to the combined impact of global population aging, increased life expectancy, fertility decline, and changing family structures, a growing segment of the population facing retirement is in danger of poverty and economic insecurity. As a result of their advanced age many elderly have lost their ability to earn an income, causing some to be penniless the rest of their lives. Therefore, the purpose of a government or a private run pension system is to provide a mechanism using financial tools to protect the entire structure for old age economic security. This paper not only introduces the philosophy and basic concept of a general pension system, but also examines a United States model, providing a closer look at a major developed industrial country’s national social security program, and corporate pension system. It also describes the experience of reforms on the development process of the United States retirement pension system. This paper studies the various corporate pension schemes in the United States and their possible application as models to countries such as Taiwan. In focusing on the United States corporate pension system in private sector, legal and economic issues are scrutinized. Theories which related to the pension system are first analyzed; then the definitions of the various retirement plans are given. The history of private pension schemes of the United States is told, starting with the American Express, then crude railroad retirement plans to the post-war demand to current United States retirement plans. Analysis of the changes in private sector's pension plan participation for defined benefits and defined contribution plans are examined in light of the impact these changes have made upon retirement income resources. Focus on the IBM Corporation is made as an example of a private sector business in the United States, and this study tracks the evolution of the company’s pension schemes from defined benefit pension plans to the newer hybrid cash balance pension plans and the now-popular defined contribution 401(k) pension plans. Findings show that the United States corporate pension system is not feasible as a model at this time because of its many deficiencies in its laws and regulations, and also because of the currently shaky global economy. Suggestions and possible remedies are given on how to strengthen the corporate retirement pension system in United States.

The purpose of this dissertation is to describe, explain and understand how slowness appeared when some decisions were made in the area of welfare policy and how this slowness was eliminated. The study focuses on major changes. It is argued that such changes follow another logic than small gradual adjustments. Four breaking points have been selected for a deeper analysis: the pension policy decisions of 1913 and 1994 and the housing policy decisions of 1935 and 1992. These decisions led to the emergence of fundamentally new institutional structures concerning the relation between the central government and the citizens. The study shows that an established institutional structure within a welfare policy area generated mental constructs and decision rules that governed political decision-making. This governance resulted in slowness in the form of lengthy decision-making processes. The fundamental institutional structure was being altered only when the mental constructs were broken down. A common feature was that the decisions were first made when discontent with the prevailing order became so strong that it overwhelmed the fear of a new institutional structure. The general tendency was also to shape the fundamental changes in relation to the citizens so that the changes could be portrayed as small. The established mental constructs are the determining explanation for slowness. The interest organizations played a secondary role, as their interests are shaped in accordance with the mental constructs. Their resistance was declined at the same time when the mental constructs were broken down. The individuals – agents of change – that constantly worked for the change of system in reality appear to be significantly more interesting than hindering organization. Their influence showed a recurring pattern.

Viešojo sektoriaus ekonomikos magistro baigiamojo darbo tema yra aktuali, kadangi darbe nagrinėjama Lietuvos valstybinių pensijų sistema. Pensijų sistema – tai vienas iš socialinės apsaugos elementų. Socialinis draudimas yra pagrindinis institutas, apsaugantis pilietį rinkos ekonomikos sąlygomis. Prieš penkis metus Lietuvoje pradėta įgyvendinti valstybinio socialinio draudimo pensijų sistemos reforma. Ši reforma reiškia dalinį valstybinio socialinio draudimo pensijų sistemos privatizavimą. Šis žingsnis susilaukė ir kritikos ir pritarimo. Lietuvos mokslininkai, atlikę skaičiavimus ir statistinius tyrimus labai kritikavo ir tebekritikuoja atliktą reformą. Pasak juos, reformuota pensijų sistema nėra teisinga, daugiausia nuo jos nukentės dabartiniai pensininkai, bei vyresni dabartiniai darbuotojai, nepatenkantys į sistemą (Gylys, 2002). Atlikti tyrimai parodė, kad valstybinio socialinio draudimo pensijų sistema sukuria didesnį socialinį saugumą, nei privačių pensijų sistemos (Bitinas, 2008). Beje Lietuvoje privačios pensijų sistemos kuriamos valstybinio socialinio draudimo pensijų sąskaita. Įgyvendinus pensijų reformą, turi būti nagrinėjama, kokį socialinį poveikį pensijų sistema turės ateityje. Pensijų sistema turi būti valdoma siekiant socialinio teisingumo. Laisvosios rinkos instituto ekspertai pritaria pensijų sistemos privatizavimui, jie teigia, kad norint išgelbėti žmonių pensijas, o ne dabartinę socialinio draudimo sistemą, reikia esminių reformų, kurių galutinis tikslas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Public Sector Economics Master's final thesis topic is of interest because we consider the Lithuanian state pension system. Pension system - is one of the elements of social protection. Social security is the basic institution which protects the national market economy. Five years ago Lithuania was launched in the state social insurance pension system reform. This reform is part of the state social insurance pension system privatization. This step and the context of criticism and support. Lithuanian scientists perform calculations and statistical analysis is very critical and critical carried out the reform. According to the reformed pension system is not fair, they will suffer most from the current retirees and older workers today, outside the system (Gylys, 2002). Studies have shown that the state social insurance pension system creates greater social security or private pension systems (Bitinas, 2008). By the way Lithuania private pension system developed state social insurance pension account. The implementation of pension reform should address the question of the social impact of the pension system will in the future. Pension system should be managed in the interest of social justice. Free Market Institute, experts agree the privatization of the pension system, they argue that in order to save people's pensions, rather than the current Social Security system needs radical reform, with the ultimate aim of the mandatory state social insurance waiver. However, the social... [to full text]

Bakgrund: Var dag ställs människor inför val som har högre eller mindre utsträckning påverkan på dess framtid. En av de vanligaste ekonomiska beslutssituationer människor ställs inför är beslut gällande pensionen. Det svenska pensionssystemet är komplext och särskilt inom premiepensionen ställs individen inför en mängd valmöjligheter. Där kan individen välja egna premiepensionsfonder eller välja att inte göra ett aktivt val och därmed ha kvar förvalsalternativet AP7 Såfa. Samtidigt som kraven är höga på individens beslutsfattande visar beteendeekonomisk forskning att individens förmåga att fatta rationella beslut inte är på den nivå som traditionella ekonomiska teorier utgår ifrån. Den stora mängd valmöjligheter som finns inom premiepensionen förefaller skapa problem och leder till att åtskilliga individer väljer att inte göra något aktivt val. Tidigare forskning visar att ett flertal demografiska faktorer samt individens finansiella förmåga och kännedom om finansiella marknaden påverkar individens beslut gällande pensionen, samt att det finns ett behov av vidare forskning på vad som påverkar individer gällande pensionssparandet. Denna studie ämnar bygga vidare på de tidigare studier som gjorts för att kartlägga vilka egenskaper som leder till att en individ fattar aktiva beslut inom premiepensionssparandet samt koppla de beslut de gör till beteendeekonomiska teorier för att få en djupare förståelse för individens agerande gällande premiepensionsvalet. Med studiens resultat hoppas vi kunna bidra med ökad förståelse för vad som påverkar de val som görs gällande premiepensionen. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka samband mellan en individs egenskaper och om denne gör ett aktivt val gällande premiepensionemn, samt undersöka bakomliggande beteendeekonomiska biases gällande individens val inom premiepensionen. Detta med avsikt att genom en kvantitativ metod skapa ökad förståelse kring varför individer fattar de beslut de gör kring premiepensionssparandet. Genomförande: Denna kvantitativa studie antar en iterativ ansats där studien präglas av en tvärsnittsdesign och data har samlats in genom ett snöbollsurval med hjälp av enkäter. Sammantaget ingår 172 individer i denna studie. Slutsats: Resultatet av studien visar att hur länge en individ har befunnit sig i arbetslivet, inkomstnivån samt om individen investerar i aktier på fritiden har en positiv påverkan på sannolikheten att denne har valt egna fonder till premiepensionen. Resultatet skiljer sig mot vad viss tidigare forskning visat. Studien identifierade även ett antal beteendeekonomiska biases som påverkar individen inom premiepensionsvalet. Resultatet tyder på att de individer som har gjort ett aktivt premiepensionsval påverkas av mentala genvägar när det kommer till att välja premiepensionsfonder. Vidare indikerar resultatet på IV att de som inte gör ett aktivt val påverkas av beteendeekonomiska biases som leder till inaktivitet. / Background: Every day people have to make choices that have a greater or lesser impact on their future. One of the most common financial decision-making situations people face is the decision regarding the pension. The Swedish Pension System is complex and, in particular, within the Premium Pension the individual is faced with a variety of choices. There individuals can choose their own Premium Pension funds or choose not to make an active choice and thus retain the AP7 Såfa. While the demands are high on the individual’s decision-making, behavioral finance research shows that the individual’s ability to make rational decisions is not at the level of traditional economic theories. The wide range of options available within the Premium Pension seems to create problems and leads to the fact that several individuals choose not to make any active choice. Previous research shows that a number of demographic factors, as well as the individual's financial literacy and financial market awareness, influence the individual's decision regarding the pension. Previous research also shows that there is a need for further research on what affects individuals in terms of pension savings. This study aims to build on previous studies to map which characteristics affect an individual to make active decisions in the Premium Pension and to link the decisions they make to behavioral finance theories to gain a deeper understanding of the individual's actions regarding the Premium Pension choice. With the result of the study, we hope to contribute with better understanding of what influences the choices made within the Premium Pension. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between an individual's characteristics and if they make an active choice regarding premium pension funds, as well as investigate underlying behavioral finance bias that affect an individual’s choice within the Premium Pension. With the intention, through a quantitative method, to create a better understanding of why individuals make the decisions they make regarding the Premium Pension. Completion/methodology: This quantitative study assumes an iterative approach where the study is characterized by a cross-sectional design and the data has been collected through snowball sampling using surveys. Altogether, 172 people are included in this study. Conclusion: The result of the study shows that how long an individual has been working, the income, and if the individual invests in shares has a positive impact on the probability that the individual has chosen own funds for the premium pension. This differs from what some previous research has shown. The study also identified a number of behavioral biases that affect the individual in the Premium Pension Plan. The result indicates that those individuals who have made active Premium Pension choices are affected by shortcuts when it comes to choosing Premium Pension funds. Furthermore, the result indicates that those who do not make an active choice are affected by behavioral biases that lead to inactivity.

The main aim of this diploma thesis is to provide a paradigmatic view on the future development of the pension system in Czech Republic within the environment of the system dynamics. This objective incorporates the goal of creating a dynamic model that will sufficiently informative and includes the key aspects, both the current and the future form of the pension system (PS) in Czech Republic. The results of the current form of PS conclude that under the presumption of slightly unfavourable demographic development and constancy of PS is the system unsustainable. The model also points out the fact that the problem of PS could be solved through its partial adjustment. Under the assumption of gradually increasing pension tax rate, opposed with the real value of pension benefit and gradual pension age postponement up to 71 years. The results of the pension form post reformed analysis pension form are based on the assumption of intergenerational schism. That means different attitudes to the pension system reform. Pension system post reformed analysis results coincidently work with the fact that all people under 30 years (year 2009) will join the voluntary pension fund system. The current scenarios consider that the coming generation of working population will without exception enter this voluntary system. The older population (aged over 31 years) will not participate in the pension reform. Another common feature of the proposed scenarios is the fact that all individuals will join the capital pillar (the pension voluntary system) at the beginning of the year 2013. When comparing current and post reform form of the pension system a remarkable finding has arisen. The model of the post reform PS shows considerably worse results than is model of the current PS form.