The research objects are Tickets Group Buying Websites, to explore the correlation between Perceived Risk and Purchase Intention, including website trust and perception of price. The main purpose is to investigate consumers' tickets group buying behavior, and to understand the consumers' perceived risk interactions with perceived price, trust in tickets group buying, and the impact of people¡¦s purchase intention. This research takes the questionnaire survey; we collect total 301 available samples. Use percentage, average, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The study result indicated that main consumer in ticket group buying are women; the major consumer age groups is 19-29 years old, their income per month is bellow fifty thousand; and most of consumer who lives in northern area in Taiwan. The main reasons that people who willing to use ticket group buying are cheapest price and easy to buy. The key reasons people who do not buy ticket group buying are using time limit and lower service quality. In this research, we found that when consumer has higher website trust, the perceived risk will be weaken; besides the purchase intention will be strengthen. The trust has significant effects on consumer¡¦s purchase decision in ticket group buying. This study also founds that consumer have lower perceived price having higher perceived risk and having lower purchase intention.

The main subject of this study is about Taiwanese girls and ladies clothing brand called Scottish House, and to discuss the consumer whether or not be influenced by extrinsic cues such as image of the country of origin, brand image and prices when purchasing clothing, thereby affecting the perceived quality and purchase intention. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: 1. Image of COO and COD will indeed have a positive impact on perceived quality, indicating that female consumers of Scottish House think the image of COO and COD make them feel that the clothing has high quality. And the impact of image of COD on perceived quality is more than image of COO. 2. Brand image will also have a positive impact on perceived quality and the influence of brand image of the Scottish House on perceived quality is the strongest over image of COO and COD. 3. Perceived price will have a positive impact on perceived quality, and the female customer regards Scottish House as high price. However, the influence of perceived price on perceived quality is far lower than the image of COO and COD. 4. Perceived quality will have a positive impact on purchase intention, customers thinks Scottish House has high quality and thus increase their willingness to buy. The conclusions above are significant to the management in the following aspects. 1. COD is relatively important. 2. Brand image is a key extrinsic cue for judging product quality. 3. Price has a limitation to explain product quality. 4. High product quality leads to high purchase intention.

In a time during which the consumer has the choice of many similar products (Burnett, 2007), retailers seek business growth and competiveness, for example through the introduction of their own private label (Pepe, 2008). Thus the interest and relevance of private labels has increased in recent years (Nielsen, 2014; Gázquez-Abad et al., 2014). As studies have shown, the consumers’ perception and loyalty towards brands and private labels can vary across countries leading to the topic of the study, namely a comparison of the consumers’ loyalty and perception of private labels in Greece and Germany. Thus, the relationship between the cultures and the consumers’ behaviour is evaluated towards possible differences. Using the quantitative research approach, a self-completion questionnaire was answered by both 140 German and 140 Greek consumers. Through analysing the data, the validity of six hypotheses was measured. This way, the question regarding possible differences in consumers’ loyalty and perception of private labels in Greece and Germany could be answered. As a result to this question, the main differences refer to the Greeks’ high loyalty towards manufacturer brands and the low perceived quality of private labels in comparison with German consumers. Thus, most importantly, Greek consumers have to be convinced of the good quality of private labels in order to lower their perceived risk, try the products and be less loyal to manufacturer brands.

Tablet PC is not a brand-new idea. But it did not draw much attention of consumers in the past. However tablet PC became the hottest product since Apple released the iPad in April 2010 which hit 15 million sales record in less than nine months. And this fever drives all of the IT, PC, mobile companies to start their production line. A war of tablet PC is about to begin in 2011. But from consumers¡¦ perspective, is tablet PC so different from its counterpart being utilized currently that attracts consumer to use it? What are the factors influencing the intention to use tablet PC? To answer the question, this study presents an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) integrating innovation diffusion theory and perceived price to examine the factors that influence the adoption of tablet PC. And the proposed model was empirically tested through data collected from an online questionnaire with 536 samples. And principal analysis, ANOVA, multiple regression as well as descriptive statistics were conducted to analyze the data. The findings indicate that all of the factors proposed in the model anticipate potential users¡¦ intention to use tablet PC. Among the factors, perceived enjoyment, perceived ease of use, relative advantage have the most significant influence and image is the least one. This study may extend use of TAM and provide further insights into tablet PC marketing strategies.

Recently, more business reduced marketing expenses for responding the changes of macro-economic environment. The business strategy turned traditional marketing into internet marketing. More business used internet marketing to compete with others. Because internet industry grown speedily that ¡§Otaku Economy ¡§changed consumer behavior on shopping. In addition, these economy models become more strong shopping power. Consumers change their shopping patterns that it carries more opportunities and economy effects when the environment is in a slump. The research has four purposes as follows: First, to discuss e-commerce bring the effectiveness of brand essentially. Second, to explore affected on purchase decision-making whether internal or external factors when consumers use e-commerce process. However, people perceive differently for online shopping on decision model. People have difference effects on perceived price, perceived quality, perceived value and purchase intention in their mind. In addition, we want to discuss that consumer¡¦s brand loyalty when people face more choice on online shopping websites. Finally, we observed effectiveness on brand A and the gap between business and consumer in business side. The model was tested using SPSS 17.0 Variate Statistical Analysis and Case Study. The sample size of this survey includes 360 respondents, 335 were identified as usable. PayEasy were selected for the study. The findings are as follows: 1. We demonstrated the price-perceived value concept model that found consumers considered the more quality on products/ website the more overall value in their mind. The result created more purchase probability. 2. Two group are 15-18 year-old students and office workers bought cosmetic products online frequently because without time and space limit. More and more female consumers interest in online shopping. 3. In fact, people have lower brand loyalty on online shopping due to they have more choices. Product substitution and cheaper price could affect consumer decision-making behavior. 4. PayEasy has more unique competitiveness on information flow, product flow, cash flow, logistics and CRM. The key contribution of the research is that we reflect opinions of people and perspectives gap on e-commerce in consumer and business side. Further, we understand factors of decision-making process in consumer¡¦s mind that will help to enhance relationship between business and consumers on e-commerce. And helping business create more new innovate model to increase brand effectiveness.

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Informal markets for fashion are a growing phenomenon around the world and more specifically in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In different cities in the Democratic Republic of Congo, there are tents housing vendors who sell second-hand clothes. These markets are becoming the millennials' shopping hubs as millennials are on a quest for uniqueness, fashion trends and value for money. Limited research regarding the shopping patterns and purchase decisions of Congolese millennials and even less regarding the informal clothing market in the Democratic Republic of Congo is available. This research is aimed at investigating factors influencing millennials in the purchase of second-hand clothes in the informal markets in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The theoretical framework was guided by the theory of planned behaviour from which the researcher constructed an adapted model. The purchase of secondhand clothes is the behaviour that is preceded and influenced by the consumer's intention to purchase. In turn, the intention to buy clothing from informal markets is influenced by various factors. Five factors were added to the model, namely quality, clothing interest, peers' opinions, price consciousness and the need for uniqueness. The model was investigated through a qualitative case study analysis. The data was collected through face-to-face interviews and the thematic analysis was conducted and interpreted manually. The target population argued that second-hand clothes are unique, durable and affordable. These clothes allow them to shop the fashion trends they see on social media from around the world. Thus, it is important to have a valuable understanding of the factors influencing Congolese millennials to buy second-hand clothes. Retailers and marketers in the fashion industry of the Democratic Republic of Congo, particularly those in the informal clothing market, can consider the consumer insights acquired in this research and apply them to increase their advantage in the market place.

服務品質、價格、品牌形象與品牌個性對顧客滿意度之影響─以銀行業為例隨著經濟發展與產業結構的改變，服務業佔國內生產毛額的比重逐漸提高；同樣地，服務業管理和服務業行銷的重要性亦與日俱增。鑑於服務業因無形性、不可分割性、異質性、與不可儲存性等特性，與實體商品行銷產生不同的觀念；加以國內相關研究，大都著重在服務品質、產品品質、顧客滿意度，或是知覺價格以及顧客忠誠度等方向為主，就品牌與服務品質、顧客滿意度之間的關聯性較少著墨，因此本研究加入了品牌形象、品牌個性對顧客滿意度的影響之探討。 本研究之研究目的為：(1)界定服務品質的構面，並探討知覺服務品質評價對顧客滿意度之影響。(2)探討顧客對知覺價格的接受程度對顧客滿意度之影響。(3)界定品牌形象與品牌個性的構面，並研究顧客對其重視的程度。(4)探討品牌形象與知覺服務品質間的關係。(5)探討品牌形象與品牌個性認同程度對顧客滿意度之影響。(6)建立服務品質、知覺價格、品牌形象、品牌個性與顧客滿意度之間關係的一個完整架構。 本研究為一探索性研究，首先依據文獻探討建構研究架構，並發展問卷設計，同時選擇無形性比重較高、在服務業具重要性與代表性的銀行業為實證對象。研究結果顯示，除了知覺服務品質與知覺價格中的存款價格與顧客滿意度為正相關外；品牌形象、品牌個性與顧客滿意度亦呈正相關；而且品牌形象與知覺服務品質亦有正向關係。同時，本研究還發現品牌個性及品牌形象透過服務品質對顧客滿意度有一間接的影響。

El presente trabajo de investigación analiza la relación entre la imagen de marca y el precio percibido con la intención de compra de marcas propias de moda femenina en el punto de venta en tiendas por departamento en jóvenes de 18 a 25 años de NSE B y C+ de Lima Metropolitana. Se realizaron 250 encuestas online al target y la información fue procesada utilizando la técnica estadística del Chi-cuadrado y coeficiente de correlación de Tau. Los resultados del estudio mostraron que la imagen de marca y el precio percibido tienen una relación positiva con la intención de compra de marcas propias en el punto de venta. El precio es considerado un factor relevante pero no es la única variable tomada en cuenta al momento de realizar la compra en el punto de venta. Es importante decir que hay una mayor valoración por las consumidoras hacia las marcas que ofrezcan una buena relación calidad-precio en sus prendas ya que, según el estudio, las consumidoras son mucho más conscientes de las prendas que compran y buscan durabilidad y calidad en la ropa sin tener que pagar un monto exagerado por ellas. El análisis de la imagen de marca se realizó bajo las dimensiones de representación del estilo, calidad de la prenda, conocimiento de marca e identificación con la marca. Todas las variables mencionadas están relacionadas con la intención de compra de ropa de marcas propias entre las consumidoras de 18 a 25 años. / This research work analyzes the relationship between brand image and price with the intention of buying white brands of women's fashion in department stores between young people from 18 to 25 years of age of NSE B and C + of Metropolitan Lima. 250 online surveys to the target were analyzed and the information was processed using the Chi-square statistical technique and the Tau correlation coefficient. The results of the study that have the brand image and the perceived price have a positive relationship with the intention of buying own brands at the point of sale. The price is considered a relevant factor but it is not the only variable taken into account when making the purchase at the point of sale. It is important to say that there is a higher valuation by consumers towards brands that offer good value for money in their garments since, according to the study, consumers are much more than the garments they buy and seek durability and quality in clothing. without having to pay an exaggerated amount for them. The analysis of the brand image was carried out under the dimensions of style representation, garment quality, brand awareness and brand identification. All the specific variables taken together are significant predictors of interest in buying own-brand clothing among consumers ages 18 to 25. / Trabajo de investigación

La pandemia Covid 19 ha traído consigo cambios en el comportamiento de los consumidores en el rubro de las cafeterías. Para evitar el contagio en los establecimientos, las cafeterías han optado por tomar una serie de precauciones para brindar seguridad a los consumidores y mantener sus negocios. Esta investigación realiza el análisis de las nuevas características más relevantes de los consumidores reflejadas en su comportamiento, obteniendo como resultado el incentivo o la reducción de su consumo en las cafeterías. Mediante una recopilación de información, se analiza el desempeño de la calidad de servicio e imagen de la marca, variables que están influidas por determinados aspectos como la higiene y medidas de saneamiento, formando parte de las expectativas de los consumidores que posteriormente, forman parte de la satisfacción que tengan con la marca. Los hallazgos de esta investigación revelan que existe un riesgo percibido de parte de los clientes al asistir a lugares públicos por por temor a la propagación del Covid 19, pero dichos riesgos se mitigan con las medidas implementadas por cada uno de los establecimientos, causando un impacto positivo al desempeño de la calidad de servicio y mejorando el comportamiento de los consumidores, quienes pueden adaptarse a la nueva normalidad. / The Covid 19 pandemic has brought about changes in consumer behavior in the cafeteria industry. To avoid contagion in establishments, coffee shops have chosen to take a series of precautions to provide security for consumers and maintain their businesses. This research carries out the analysis of the most relevant new characteristics of consumers reflected in their behavior, obtaining as a result the incentive or reduction of their consumption in coffee shops. Through a compilation of information, the performance of the quality of service and image of the brand is analyzed, variables that are influenced by certain aspects such as hygiene and sanitation measures, forming part of the expectations of consumers that later become part of the satisfaction they have with the brand. The findings of this research reveal that there is a perceived risk on the part of customers when attending public places for fear of the spread of Covid 19, but these risks are mitigated with the measures implemented by each of the establishments , causing a positive impact on the performance of the quality of service and improving the behavior of consumers, who can adapt to the new normal. / Trabajo de investigación