L’étude conduite porte sur l’exploration de la période d’intégration des nouvelles recrues se reconnaissant une orientation sexuelle homosexuelle ou bisexuelle. A partir d’une recherche qualitative, nous posons l'hypothèse générale selon laquelle les processus d’intégration, de socialisation organisationnelle et de construction des intentions professionnelles d’avenir seraient influencés par la présence de normes hétérosexistes et d’une discrimination perçue au travail, d’une part, et par l’identité sexuelle construite antérieurement dans les différentes sphères de vie d’autre part. Nos données ont été recueilles auprès de douze jeunes se reconnaissant comme LGB, récemment intégrés dans les milieux professionnels de la justice et des transports à l’aide de deux études : l’une conduite avec des entretiens de type récit de vie pour d’étudier le sens attribué aux expériences subjectives avant et pendant la période d’intégration dans l’organisation, l’autre menée et à partir d’entretiens de type IMIS pour mieux comprendre les dynamiques identitaires en analysant les relations subjectives entre l’individu et son environnement Les résultats soulignent que les normes hétérosexistes restent dominantes et montrent la non-neutralité de la sphère professionnelle où les échanges incluent des aspects de la vie privée. Dès l’entrée dans l’organisation les jeunes LGB font face à un dilemme entre la divulgation ou la dissimulation de leur orientation sexuelle qui nécessite un aménagement de l’identité en milieu de travail. Parmi les stratégies de présentation de soi, la dissimulation fondée sur la feinte et l'évitement de l’orientation sexuelle est majoritairement utilisée pour éviter les différentes formes de discriminations et d’homophobie anticipées au travail. / The study focuses on an exploration of the integration time of recently-recruited professionals who identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual. Based on the qualitative analysis, we draw the general hypothesis that the processes of integration, organisational socialisation, and the construction of a future career path that are influenced both by the presence of heterosexist norms and perceived discrimination in the workplace as well as by sexual identity previously built in other parts of life. Our data were collected from twelve self-identified LGB young people who recently recruited in the workplace in the transportation and law using two studies: the first conducted with informal interviews to study the meaning given to subjective experience before and during the integration period in the organisation, and the second built from IMIS interviews to understand better the identity dynamics by analysing the subjective relationships between the individual and his environment. The results highlight that heterosexist norms remain dominant and show non-neutrality in the part of the professional world where the conversations include aspects of private life. From the moment of their arrival in the organisation, the young LGB people confront a dilemma between dissimulating and divulging their sexual identity, which requires identity management strategy handling to tackle different forms of discrimination and perceived homophobia. Among the identity management strategies, dissimulation based on pretending or avoiding of sexual orientation are the strategies that are used in the majority to avoid the different forms of discrimination based on sexual orientation that are anticipated in the workplace.

The current thesis extends research in the area of multiple social identities and identity conflict by focusing on both intergroup and intraindividual process underlying structures of identities, namely, religious, ethnic, and societal (national) identifications. In addition, it examined the influence of political trust, and perceived discrimination the relationship between ethnic and societal identification for disadvantaged ethnic groups in Turkey. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the process of identity organization both inter group and in group. While, the first study addresses intergroup differentiations of these identities, second study focused on intraindividual process of these identities&#039 / structure. Supporting hypothesis stemming from Social Identity Theory and Optimal Distinctiveness Theory, political trust and perceived discrimination have roles of mediation in the relationship ethnic and societal identification, by contrast with secular and religious identities in the relationship. Results were discussed for their implications to politic context of the Turkey.

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<p>The purpose of this research study was to look at the effects of perceived discrimination and sexual positivity on relationship and sexual satisfaction of sexual minority couples. The present study hypothesizes that there will be a moderating relationship between sexual positivity and perceived discrimination; higher levels of sexual positivity will predict higher relationship and sexual satisfaction, and perceived discrimination will negatively effect relationship and sexual satisfaction of couples with lower sexual positivity. Individuals who identify as a sexual minority were asked to participate in this study and answer survey questions pertaining to the level of satisfaction they experience in their romantic relationship and their sexual relationship, how sex positive the individuals are, and the amount of perceived discrimination that they experience; all through a minority stress lens. The results suggest that neither perceived discrimination nor the interaction between perceived discrimination and sexual positivity has a significant impact on the relationship and sexual satisfaction of sexual minority populations. However, the results of this study do suggest a statistically significant relationship between sexual positivity and relationship and sexual satisfaction of sexual minority couples.</p>

[pt] A discriminação percebida é um elemento estressor de saúde mental que consiste na capacidade de percepção dos sujeitos acerca das interações e experiências discriminatórias vividas no cotidiano. O objetivo desta dissertação foi explorar as associações entre a Discriminação Percebida e Sintomas de Saúde Mental. Para tanto, um trabalho dividido em três partes foi concebido. Uma revisão de literatura, sequência, uma revisão narrativa sobre discriminação percebida e transtorno mentais, sintomas psicopatológicos e por fim, avaliação das propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Discriminação Cotidiana e um estudo empírico que avaliou de forma online a presença de sintomas psicopatológicos e testou associações com a discriminação percebida. Trata-se de uma Pesquisa, com delineamento transversal e análise quantitativa, considerou as respostas de 547 brasileiros natos, adultos com idade entre 18 e 72 anos. Os participantes responderam quatro questionários autoaplicáveis, questionários, são eles, o sociodemográfico, a Escala de Discriminação Cotidiana, a Escala de Sofrimento Psicológico e a Escala Transversal de Sintomas Nível 1 do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais, quinta versão. Quanto aos resultados a validade baseada na estrutura interna foi realizada por meio da Análise Fatorial Exploratória que detectou que todos os itens funcionaram normalmente. A escala de demonstrou unidimensional por avaliar apenas um constructo, além de apresentar validade convergente com medidas externas através da Escala K10, que tem por finalidade avaliar relatos de sofrimento psicológico recente. A hipótese de que estigma e a discriminação possam interferir em movimentos de busca por ajuda psicológica foi confirmada neste estudo. Nosso estudo sustenta que a Escala de Discriminação Cotidiana possui propriedades confiáveis para ser utilizada no ambiente virtual, ampliando a viabilidade de estudos na temática. Logo, observamos que a EDS se associa positivamente com sintomas psicopatológicos e com o sofrimento psicológico recente. / [en] Perceived discrimination is a mental health stressor that involves individuals ability toperceive interactions and discriminatory experiences in their daily lives. The aim of this dissertation was to explore the associations between Perceived Discrimination and Psychopathological Symptoms. For this purpose, a three-part study was designed. It includeda literature review, a narrative review on perceived discrimination and disorders, symptoms, and other signs of psychological morbidity, and finally, an assessment of the psychometric properties of the Everyday Discrimination Scale along with an empirical study that evaluatedthe presence of psychopathological symptoms online and tested associations with perceived discrimination. A cross-sectional research design with quantitative analysis was employed, considering responses from 547 native Brazilian adults aged 18 to 72 years old. Participants completed four self-administered questionnaires: sociodemographic, Everyday Discrimination Scale, Psychological Distress Scale, and the Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Scale from the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Regarding the results, validity based on internal structure was conducted using Exploratory Factor Analysis,which found that all items functioned appropriately. The scale demonstrated unidimensionalityby assessing a single construct and showed convergent validity with external measures throughthe K10 Scale, designed to assess recent psychological distress reports. The hypothesis that stigma and discrimination might impact seeking psychological help was confirmed by this study. Our research supports that the Everyday Discrimination Scale possesses reliable properties for online use, enhancing the feasibility of studies in this area. Thus, we observed apositive association between the Everyday Discrimination Scale and psychopathologicalsymptoms as well as recent psychological distress.

Aim: Mental health condition of immigrants living in Europe is a major public health issue.Although a wide range of research on depression in immigrants was conducted previously, there is still a need for ongoing attention and thorough evaluation. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in depressive symptoms between immigrant and native individuals and to assess the influence of perceived discrimination, and socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors on the association between immigrant status and depressive symptoms. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by using the European Social Survey (ESS) round 7 data which was carried out during the period of 2014-2015. The study included 23,594 participants (men=11,077 and women= 12,517) between the age of 25-64 years, from 20 European countries. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the differences in depressive symptoms between immigrant and native men and women. Further,multivariate linear regression analysis was done to assess the explanatory role of perceived discrimination, sociodemographic, and socioeconomic factors on the probable association between immigrant background and depressive symptoms. Result: Immigrant men were experiencing significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms than native men (B= 0.31, p= 0.005). Likewise, immigrant women were also suffering from more depressive symptoms than native women, although it was not significant (B= 0.16, p = 0.16). Perceived discrimination and financial difficulties were found to explain the association between immigrant background and depressive symptoms in both immigrant men and women. Conclusion: The study shows that immigrant men and women experience a higher propensity for depressive symptoms than their native counterparts. However, after controlling for perceived discrimination and financial difficulties, the differences in depressive symptoms between immigrant and native men and women decrease and even disappear for immigrant women and turn statistically non-significant. These results should be taken into account when considering preventive strategies to reduce depressive symptoms among immigrants.

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La population dans la plupart des sociétés occidentales, y compris, le Canada se diversifie. Cette diversité qu’on pourrait qualifier de super-diversité peut constituer une force pour la cohésion sociale, la construction de la société inclusive et un élément central de l’identité nationale. Cependant, cela suscite également des défis et des préoccupations auprès des pouvoirs politiques, de la communauté scientifique, des médias et de l’opinion publique, quant à la manière dont les immigrants vont s’intégrer dans la société, mais aussi comment les natifs s’adaptent à la présence des immigrants et que tous établissent des relations interculturelles mutuelles. La présente thèse a pour objectif principal d’examiner l’intégration des immigrants dans leur société d’accueil, notamment au Canada. Concrètement, elle vise à (1) examiner les thèmes abordés dans la littérature scientifique sur l’intégration entre 1960 et 2022, leurs interactions et évolutions dans le temps ainsi que leurs répartitions selon les pays et institutions de recherches; (2) examiner les thèmes et les sentiments associés à l’intégration dans la couverture médiatique au Québec et en Ontario entre 1988 et 2022, leurs évolutions dans le temps, et leurs relations avec les facteurs contextuels locaux; (3) analyser les effets de l’origine nationale et du genre sur l’intégration socioculturelle des immigrants au Québec; (4) examiner les liens entre l’intégration sociale et la discrimination perçue et leurs influences sur le sentiment d’appartenance des immigrants au Québec. Les résultats de nos analyses, présentés sous forme de quatre articles scientifiques, s’appuient sur plusieurs données de texte, de données administratives et d’enquêtes quantitatives. Notre premier article vise à synthétiser les résultats des publications scientifiques sur l’intégration afin d’examiner les thèmes étudiés, leurs évolutions et leurs distributions selon les pays. Nous utilisons les données de texte issues des résumés d’articles scientifiques publiés entre 1960 et 2022 dans Web of Science, Scopus et Dimensions. À l’aide de la modélisation thématique structurelle, nous avons identifié 30 principaux thèmes de recherche. Les résultats mettent en évidence plusieurs thèmes couvrant les aspects socio-économique, culturel et politique de l’intégration, la discrimination, la santé, le genre, les politiques d’immigration et d’intégration, les questions démographiques ainsi que d’ordre théorique et méthodologique. Les thèmes sur la théorie de l’intégration et la participation politique ont montré une tendance temporelle à la baisse au fil du temps alors que les thèmes liés au racisme et à la discrimination, à l’identité ethnique, et à l’intégration économique, ont montré une tendance à la hausse. Les analyses bibliométriques révèlent des changements dans les thèmes entre les États-Unis, le Royaume-Uni, le Canada et la Chine ainsi qu’entre les institutions de recherche influentes au fil du temps. Le second article analyse le discours médiatique sur l’immigration et l’intégration des immigrants au Québec et en Ontario de 1988 à 2022. Nous utilisons un ensemble de données de texte d’articles provenant des journaux anglophones de l’Ontario et des journaux francophones du Québec. En utilisant également la modélisation structurelle des thèmes, nous avons identifié 20 thèmes importants dans chaque province. Ensuite, nous avons appliqué l’analyse du sentiment pour calculer les scores de sentiment liés à ces thèmes. En utilisant des modèles longitudinaux, nous avons examiné les effets de la proportion d’immigrants, du taux de chômage et de l’affiliation politique du parti au pouvoir sur les thèmes et les sentiments associés aux thèmes. Les résultats indiquent que le discours sur l’immigration dans chaque province est fortement lié à des thèmes sur l’économie, la diversité et la culture, l’indépendance au Québec, la sécurité, la gouvernance et la politique, les services sociaux, la discrimination et l’aide humanitaire. Alors que les thèmes sur les questions linguistiques et l’indépendance ont connu une augmentation dans le temps au Québec, les thèmes sur la diversité culturelle, l’économie et la discrimination sont restés stables dans les deux provinces entre 1988 et 2022. Parallèlement, les sentiments associés aux thèmes suggèrent une image plus pessimiste de l’immigration et de l’intégration au Québec qu’en Ontario au fil des années. Un résultat intéressant est l’influence des facteurs contextuels locaux tels que l’évolution de la proportion des immigrants, le taux de chômage et l’affiliation politique du parti au pouvoir sur l’évolution des thèmes et des sentiments associés dans chaque province. L’article 3 vise à analyser les écarts de participation culturelle et sportive entre les hommes et les femmes et entre les Canadiens de naissance et les immigrants, tout en explorant comment ces disparités entre hommes et femmes varient selon l’origine nationale des immigrants. À partir d’une enquête réalisée en 2020 sur les trajectoires individuelles et dynamiques de participation des immigrants, des minorités ethnoculturelles, et le reste de la population québécoise, nous trouvons que les immigrants venus d’Afrique sont moins susceptibles de participer aux activités culturelles et sportives que les Canadiens de naissance. Les résultats selon le genre montrent que les femmes participent plus aux activités culturelles et moins aux activités sportives que les hommes. L’effet combiné du genre et de l’origine nationale suggère que les femmes venues d’Afrique, d’Asie/Moyen-Orient et d’Amérique latine/Caraïbes sont désavantagées par rapport aux hommes dans les deux types de participation étudiés. Le quatrième article vise à examiner les effets directs et indirects (via la discrimination perçue) de l’intégration sociale en termes de participation à des activités associatives et sportives sur le sentiment d’appartenance des immigrants au Québec. Nous appliquons 1) les modèles de régression linéaire multiple, 2) une analyse du score de propension et 3) les modèles d’équations structurelles aux mêmes données utilisées dans l’article 3. Les résultats révèlent que la participation à des associations et à des sports améliore de manière significative le sentiment d’appartenance des immigrés, même après correction du biais de sélection. Dans le modèle d’équations structurelles, les résultats montrent que la relation entre la participation associative et sportive, la discrimination perçue et le sentiment d’appartenance est complexe. Plus le niveau de participation à des associations est élevé chez les immigrants, plus ils sont susceptibles de signaler des cas de discrimination. Des résultats similaires sont trouvés, bien que moins prononcés, pour la participation à des sports. Cependant, dans les deux cas, cet effet n’annule pas entièrement l’impact direct et positif de la participation à des associations et à des activités sportives sur le sentiment d’appartenance des immigrants au Québec. Enfin, les résultats montrent un effet plus important pour les immigrants d’Europe/États-Unis et d’Asie/Moyen-Orient que pour ceux d’Afrique ou d’Amérique latine/Caraïbes. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse peuvent guider les chercheurs, les agences de financement, les décideurs politiques et les gestionnaires de projets en immigration et intégration dans l’allocation appropriée des ressources pour les futures recherches. Ces résultats interpellent également les pouvoirs publics à mettre en place des programmes qui reconnaissent davantage la diversité des rapports sociaux et promeuvent les relations interculturelles dans le quotidien et dans l’entourage local des immigrants avec les Canadiens de naissance. / The population of most Western societies, including Canada, is becoming increasingly diverse. This diversity, which could be described as super-diversity, can be a force for social cohesion, the construction of an inclusive society, and a central element of national identity. However, it also raises challenges and concerns for political authorities, the scientific community, the media, and public opinion, as to how immigrants will integrate into society, but also how native-born people will adapt to the presence of immigrants, and how all will establish mutual intercultural relations. This thesis examines immigrant integration into the host society, particularly in Canada. Specifically, it seeks to (1) examine the topics addressed in the scientific literature on integration between 1960 and 2022, their interactions and evolution over time, and their distribution by countries and research institutions; (2) examine the topics and associated sentiments on integration in media coverage in Quebec and Ontario between 1988 and 2022, their evolution over time, and their relationship with the local contextual factors; (3) analyze the effects of national origin and gender on socio-cultural integration among immigrants in Quebec; (4) examine the relationship between social integration and perceived discrimination and their influence on immigrants’ sense of belonging in Quebec. The results of our analyses, presented as four scientific articles, used several textual and quantitative survey data. Our first article aims to synthesize the results of scientific publications on integration to examine the key topics, their evolution, and distribution by country and research institutions. We use text data from abstracts of scientific articles published between 1960 and 2022 in Web of Science, Scopus, and Dimensions. Using structural topic modeling, we have identified 30 main research topics. The results highlight several topics covering the socio-economic, cultural, and political aspects of integration, discrimination, health, gender, immigration and integration policies, demographic, and theoretical and methodological issues. Topics on integration theory and political participation showed a downward trend over time, while topics related to racism and discrimination, ethnic identity, and economic integration showed an upward trend over time. Bibliometric analyses reveal shifts in topics between the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and China, and between influential research institutions over time. The article 2 analyzes media discourse on immigration and immigrant integration in Quebec and Ontario from 1988 to 2022. We use a dataset of article texts from Anglophone newspapers in Ontario and Francophone newspapers in Quebec. Using structural topic modeling, we identified 20 main topics in each province. We then applied sentiment analysis to calculate sentiment scores related to these topics. Using longitudinal models, we examined the effects of the proportion of immigrants, the unemployment rate and political parties on the topics and the sentiments associated with the topics. The results indicate that media in each province discuss about topics on the economy, diversity and culture, Quebec’s independence, security, governance and politics, social services, racism and discrimination, and humanitarian aid. While the topic of Quebec’s independence and linguistic issues increased over time, the topics of cultural diversity, the economy and discrimination remained stable in both provinces between 1988 and 2022. At the same time, sentiments associated with the topics suggest a more pessimistic picture of immigration and integration in Quebec than in Ontario over time. An interesting finding is the power of local contextual factors such as changes in the proportion of immigrants, the unemployment rate, and the political affiliation of the ruling party on the evolution of topics and associated sentiments. Article 3 aims to analyze the gaps in cultural and sports participation between men and women and between native-born Canadians and immigrants while exploring how these disparities between women and men vary by national origin. Based on a survey conducted in 2020 on the trajectories and participation dynamics of immigrants, ethnocultural minorities, and the rest of the Quebec population, we find that immigrants from Africa are less likely to participate in cultural and sports activities than native-born Canadians. On the other hand, there is no difference in participation in these activities between native-born Canadians and immigrants from Europe/the United States, Asia/Middle East, and Latin America/Caribbean. Results by gender show that women participate more in cultural activities and less in sporting activities than men. The combined effect of gender and national origin suggests that women from Africa, Asia/Middle East, and Latin America/Caribbean are less likely to participate in sports activities than men. The fourth article aims to assess the direct and indirect effects (via perceived discrimination) of social integration in terms of participation in associative and sports activities on immigrants’ sense of belonging in Quebec. We apply 1) multiple linear regression models, 2) propensity score analysis, and 3) structural equation models to the same data used in article 3. The results show that participation in associations and sports significantly improves immigrants’ sense of belonging, even after correcting for selection bias. In the structural equation model, the results show a complex relationship between associative and sports participation, perceived discrimination, and a sense of belonging. The higher the level of participation in associations among immigrants, the more likely they are to report discrimination. We found similar results, though less pronounced, for participation in sports. However, in both cases, this effect does not entirely cancel the direct and positive impact of participation in associations and sports activities on immigrants’ sense of belonging to Quebec. Finally, the results show a more substantial effect for immigrants from Europe/United States and Asia/Middle East than those from Africa or Latin America/Caribbean. The results presented in this thesis can guide researchers, funding agencies, policymakers, and immigration and integration project managers in appropriately allocating resources for future research. These results also challenge public authorities to implement programs that better recognize the diversity of social relationships and promote intercultural relations in the everyday and local environments of immigrants and native-born Canadians.