RÉSUMÉ EN ANGLAIS / ENGLISH SUMMARY : The Simultaneity of the Incompossible as the Index of the Vertical Being in the Philosophy of M. Merleau-Ponty The principal field of investigation of this paper is the late philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty in the form the author gave it in his lectures during the nineteen-fifties and in the project of The Visible and the Invisible. More accurately, the goal is to clarify the relationship between what this author calls "vertical" Being and the aspect of reciprocal exclusivity, or incompossibility, of the segments of the field through which we have access to it. This structural characteristic is studied principally on the levels of the perception, our relationships with the others, the language and other human institutions. First, the author of the paper elucidates what he think is the reference point of this ontological philosophy, that is to say the concept of visibility. By means of an interpretation of the three fundamental structures of the visibility, the visible, the invisible, and the vision (voyant), the author demonstrates the profound ontological unity of the element of the visibility. The concept of the "institution" (Stiftung, institution) is then introduced to demonstrate how the field of the visibility is internally organized in a manner that surpasses...

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-27T11:47:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Júlio César D`Oliveira.pdf: 732280 bytes, checksum: 04cbc1fed33d89fbab87d9c8ce775291 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-27T11:47:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Júlio César D`Oliveira.pdf: 732280 bytes, checksum: 04cbc1fed33d89fbab87d9c8ce775291 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Theory of Perception was created by the American philosopher, Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), represents a great foundational base and advanced for scholars on the subject, which detects and exposes the elements that the organization model occurs within the mind through the senses. For Peirce, perception is a bridge connecting the internal to the exterior, seeking to establish, under the semiotic method, how they behave as the values and thoughts of their respective actions, so that intelligence can enable learning based on experience, essential for the growth of the intellectual repertoire, which, in turn, enables the movement of the cyclical gear for purposes of evolution. Moreover, what is perception is the exact sense of the externality that accompanies the perception, and a programming is capable of transporting us mentally, which is being prepared for receiving information, giving rise to the dynamic exercise of so-called perceptive judgment, which represents the first judgment that interprets the relation that is in its senses, the phenomena. For Peirce's philosophy, the perception of experience, where there are perceived signs and others that simply are not, but that exist autonomously, yet are representable. At this point, Peirce uses hand tools that are also experienced in categorial screening (firstness, secondness and thirdness), which are based on phenomenological experience and properly an analysis of formats as well as forms of reasoning. deduction and induction), which give basis to pragmatism, in addition to compose their own doctrine with the idea of fallibilism, where they are made explicit our perceptions are liable to error. Finally, to emphasize the topic of retroduction from a puercane perspective, this term represents an assertion of a testable hypothesis by experimentation, not compromised by some rigorous method, but which broke out during the first stage of an investigation. It is a personal experience, an experimental research, necessary for the viability of scientific and human evolution in general / A Teoria da Percepção desenvolvida pelo filósofo norte-americano Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), representa grande base fundacional e avanço para os estudiosos sobre o tema, vez que detecta e expõe os elementos que constituem este comportamento que ocorre no interior da mente através da atuação dos sentidos. Para Peirce, a percepção é a ponte que liga o interno ao externo, buscando estabelecer, sob o método semiótico, como se comportam os signos e os pensamentos deles decorrentes, de modo que possibilite à inteligência o aprendizado com base na experiência, imprescindível para o crescimento do repertório intelectual, que, por sua vez, possibilitará a movimentação da engrenagem cíclica com fins à evolução. Aliás, o que caracteriza a percepção é exatamente o senso de externalidade que acompanha o percepto, sendo que a interpretação dos elementos externos já são previstos pelos nossos esquemas mentais, que estão preparados para o recebimento das informações, dando azo ao exercício dinâmico do denominado juízo perceptivo, que representa o primeiro julgamento que o interpretante faz em relação àquilo que está perante seus sentidos, os fenômenos. Para a filosofia peirciana, a percepção decorre da experiência, onde há signos que são percebidos pelos sentidos e outros que simplesmente não são, mas que existem autonomamente, sendo, porém, representáveis. Neste intento, Peirce utiliza as ferramentas também por si desenvolvidas consistentes na tríade categorial (primeiridade, segundidade e terceiridade), que tem por base fenomenológica a experiência e propicia a análise dos fenômenos, bem como da leitura destes pelas três formas de raciocínio (abdução, dedução e indução), que dão base ao pragmatismo, além de compor sua arquitetura doutrinária também com a ideia do falibilismo, onde explica que nossos julgamentos perceptivos são passíveis de erro. Por fim, daremos ênfase ao tema relativo à retrodução sob a ótica peirciana, termo este que representa o ato de adoção provisória de uma hipótese verificável por experimentação, não comprometido com qualquer método rigoroso, mas que eclode durante o primeiro estágio de uma investigação. É ela própria uma experiência, uma pesquisa experimental, necessária para a viabilização da evolução científica e humana de modo geral

"2004". / Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media & Philosophy, Department of Critical and Cultural Studies, 2005. / Bibliography: p. 315-327. / Introduction -- Aporias and openings in the architecture of the mind's eye: deconstructing pure visuality in Descartes -- Visuality, universal flesh and phenomenal circularity: visio-corporeal generality with Merleau-Ponty -- Corporeal envisionings as power-knowledge: Foucault and diffuse visio-governmentality -- The grammatology of visuality: visio-corporealising Derrida's "science" of the trace -- Conclusion. / The conception of visuality within what Jacques Derrida understands as the 'metaphysical epoch' demands revision in order to produce a fully post-metaphysical theory of visuality. Drawing upon the corporeal phenomenology of perception in Maurice Merleau-Ponty, the politico-cultural conception of visuality in Michel Foucault and the trace philosophy of vision in Jacques Derrida, visualities are theorised here as dynamic 'corporeal tracings' immanently bearing politico-cultural forces. Elements of these three major thinkers are here brought into generative dialogue and welding which, for instance, relocates the corporealism of Merleau-Ponty in terms of the trace dynamics conceived by Derrida and which in turn insists upon the visio-corporeality of general writing that Derrida largely elides. A rereading of Rene Descartes on vision is advanced in the light of this theory that deploys Derrida's deconstructive method to detect the aporias and self-deconstructions within a characteristic metaphysical discourse of pure visuality that overtly elides both corporeality and the trace (understood in the theory of corporeal tracings as inseparable). -- Merleau-Ponty is critiqued from a post-dualist position on the role of the mind and the body in the experience of visuality, Foucault's ideas on bodies, visualities and diffuse powers are developed through the notion of'visio-govemmentality' and Derrida's conceptions of grammatology and the trace are redefined in terms of an emphasis on visiocorporeality. New terms and concepts emerge from these engagements that extend and elaborate visuality theory in terms of fully post-metaphysical domains of understanding. There is a commitment throughout to three theoretical positions: corporealism, culturalism and holism or what is termed here 'total contextualism'. These positions enable the fully post-metaphysical theorisation of visualities as dynamic and complex corporeal tracings encompassing both human bodies and total visio-corporeal contexts. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / 327 p

Orientador: Marcos Lutz Müller / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T02:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gorges_MariaClaudia_M.pdf: 1174283 bytes, checksum: 5718cca7454f0285757a364d33b5dc29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender o conceito de experiência e percorrer as experiências da certeza sensível e percepção, primeira e segunda figuras do movimento fenomenológico da consciência. Ao longo desse caminho procuraremos compreender como se articulam os momentos da experiência, tendo em vista que Hegel a apresenta, na Introdução, como um movimento dialético que a consciência exerce nela mesma, de forma dupla; como um caminho realizado tanto do ponto de vista da consciência natural, como também, do ponto de vista da consciência filosófica, do nós, cujo resultado corresponde ao aparecimento de uma nova figura da consciência / Abstract: Ce travail a pour objectif de comprendre le concept d'expérience et d'explorer les expériences de certitude sensible et de perception, première et seconde figures du mouvement phénoménologique de la conscience. Au fil de cette exploration nous chercherons à comprendre comment s'articulent les moments de l'expérience, en considérant que Hegel la présente, dans l'Introduction, comme un mouvement dialectique que la conscience exerce en elle-même, de façon double; comme un chemin réalisé, tout autant, du point de vue de la conscience naturelle que du point de vue de la conscience philosophique, du nous, dont le résultat correspond à l'apparition d'une nouvelle figure de la conscience / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestra em Filosofia

Poor mathematics performance in South African schools is of national concern. An attempt to gain insight into the problem prompted a study into the possibility of a relationship between visual perceptual skill and mathematic ability. A theoretical review revealed that inherent limitations of traditional psychological theories hinder an adequate explanation for the possible existence of such a relationship. The theory of situated cognition seems to be better suited as an explanatory model, and simultaneously clarifies the nature of both visual perception and mathematics. A small exploratory study, with a sample of 70 Grade 6 learners, provided empirical evidence towards the plausibility of the relationship. Specifically, it proved the hypothesis that visual perceptual skill positively correlates with scholastic mathematics achievement. The results of the study, interpreted within the situated cognitive framework, suggest that a conceptual emphasis in mathematics education – as opposed to a factual emphasis – might improve mathematic ability, which may credibly reflect in scholastic performance. / Psychology / M. Sc. (Psychology)

Drawing on the ideas of J.G. Fichte and M. Merleau-Ponty, I argue that experience and freedom are intersubjective, linguistic, and bodily. In the first chapter, I take up Fichte's three "fundamental principles" from the Science of Knowledge alongside his ideas of embodiment and intersubjectivity from the Foundations of Natural Right to show that all experience is an indefinite mixture of self and not-self, and, therefore, that both the experiences of self-consciousness and its freedom must also be accomplished with reference to the not-self, and particularly others. The second chapter is an examination of Merleau-Ponty's account of expression in his Phenomenology of Perception. The key insight I pursue here is that the medium of expression, which makes possible all significance, is bodily and intersubjective, and that any expressive act is therefore both self-opaque and soliciting cooperation. In the end, I turn to how this cooperation, i.e. freedom, should be enacted.

Poor mathematics performance in South African schools is of national concern. An attempt to gain insight into the problem prompted a study into the possibility of a relationship between visual perceptual skill and mathematic ability. A theoretical review revealed that inherent limitations of traditional psychological theories hinder an adequate explanation for the possible existence of such a relationship. The theory of situated cognition seems to be better suited as an explanatory model, and simultaneously clarifies the nature of both visual perception and mathematics. A small exploratory study, with a sample of 70 Grade 6 learners, provided empirical evidence towards the plausibility of the relationship. Specifically, it proved the hypothesis that visual perceptual skill positively correlates with scholastic mathematics achievement. The results of the study, interpreted within the situated cognitive framework, suggest that a conceptual emphasis in mathematics education – as opposed to a factual emphasis – might improve mathematic ability, which may credibly reflect in scholastic performance. / Psychology / M. Sc. (Psychology)

This project explores the intersection of literature and science from the mid-eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth century in the context of this shift in conceptions of space and time. Confronted with the rapid and immense expansion of space and time, eighteenth and nineteenth-century philosophers and authors sought to locate humans' relative position in the vast void. Furthermore, their attempts to spatially and temporally map the universe led to changes in perceptions of the relationship between the exterior world and the interior self. In this dissertation I focus on a few important textual monuments that serve as landmarks on this journey. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the intersection of literary and scientific texts transformed perceptions of space and time. These transformations then led to further advancements in the way scientific knowledge was articulated. Imagination became central to scientific writing at the same time it came to dominate literary writing. My project explores these intersecting influences among literature, astronomy, cosmology, and geology, on the perceptions of expanding space and time.