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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Aspects on Head and neck Cancer with special reference to Salivary Gland Tumours and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

Cederblad, Lena January 2017 (has links)
A thesis on Head and neck cancer focusing on dose planning, salivary gland carcinoma and Single nucleotide polymorphism. For dose planning PET/CT (Positron emissions tomography/computed tomography) with tracer gave more precise information in comparison dose planning with CT. More primary tumours and metastases were found with the acetate tracer than with glucose tracer. Acetate PET/CT also showed larger volume of tumours attributed to lipid metabolism. In a retrospective study salivary gland cancer 5-year overall survival (OS) was 53 %. Salivary gland carcinoma consists of many histopathological groups, the two largest groups being mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ASCC). For ACC, having the best 5-year OS, it was 70 percent. Facial palsy, advanced stage disease, lymph node metastases worsened prognosis. ACC and polymorphous low grade carcinoma (PLGA) expressed c-myc and cyclin D1 to a larger extent than MEC. In squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck we examined the occurrence of Single Nucleotide polymorphism, SNP. We found that the SNPs in male and female patients differed from each other. In male patients the SNPs were associated with immune response while in female patients the association was to SNPs concerning inflammation. This means that different pathways were engaged in cancer development for men and women. We also found that the SNPs in patients were different from those expressed in the healthy controls.
12

Implication du TGFβ dans le remodelage nerveux associé à l’adénocarcinome canalaire pancréatique / Involvement of TGFß during Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma-associated neural remodeling

Roger, Élodie 26 September 2019 (has links)
L’adénocarcinome canalaire pancréatique (ADKP) est l’une des tumeurs solides avec le pronostic le plus sombre. Le stroma de ces tumeurs, très abondant, est composé de matrice extra cellulaire ainsi que de cellules stromales (incluant des fibroblastes activés associés au cancer ou des cellules immunitaires). Les fibres nerveuses infiltrant ce stroma tumoral sont considérées comme une caractéristique des ADKP, impliquées dans le phénomène de remodelage nerveux, qui participent aux douleurs neuropathiques, à la dissémination des cellules tumorales, ainsi qu’à la rechute de la maladie après chirurgie. Le remodelage nerveux associé aux ADKP est régulé par un réseau fonctionnel, impliquant des interactions physiques et moléculaires entre cellules tumorales, cellules nerveuses dont les cellules de Schwann et les autres cellules stromales. Dans cette étude, nous avons démontré que les cellules de Schwann (cellules gliales, soutient des neurones périphériques) stimulent l’agressivité (migration, invasion, tumorigénicité) des cellules pancréatiques tumorales de façon dépendante du TGFβ (Transforming Growth Factor beta). En effet, nous révélons que le milieu conditionné des cellules de Schwann est enrichi en nombreuses molécules de signalisation, incluant de grandes quantités de TGFβ capable d’activer sa voie de signalisation dépendante des protéines SMAD, au sein des cellules cancéreuses. Des analyses de spectrométrie de masse des sécrétomes des cellules de Schwann et des cellules tumorales pancréatiques, cultivées seules ou ensemble, soulignent le rôle central du TGFβ dans les interactions neuro-épithéliales, comme illustré par la signature protéomique relative aux mécanismes d’adhésion et de motilité cellulaires. Ainsi, ces résultats démontrent que les cellules de Schwann sont une source de TGFβ dans les ADKP, et jouent un rôle crucial dans l’acquisition de propriétés agressives par les cellules tumorales / Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the solid tumors with the poorest prognosis. The stroma of this tumor is abundant and composed of extracellular matrix and stromal cells (including cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells). Nerve fibers invading this stroma represent a hallmark of PDAC, involved in neural remodeling, which participates in neuropathic pain, cancer cells dissemination and tumor relapse after surgery. Pancreatic cancer-associated neural remodeling is regulated through functional interplays mediated by physical and molecular interactions between cancer cells, nerve cells and surrounding Schwann cells, and other stromal cells. In the present study, we show that Schwann cells (glial cells supporting peripheral neurons) can enhance aggressiveness (migration, invasion, tumorigenicity) of pancreatic cancer cells in a transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-dependent manner. Indeed, we reveal that conditioned medium from Schwann cells contains various signaling cues, including high amounts of TGFβ able to activate the TGFβ-SMAD signaling pathway in cancer cells. Secretome analyses by mass spectrometry of Schwann cells and pancreatic cancer cells cultured alone or in combination highlighted the central role of TGFβ in neuro-epithelial interactions, as illustrated by proteomic signatures related to cell adhesion and motility. Altogether, these results demonstrate that Schwann cells are a meaningful source of TGFβ in PDAC, which plays a crucial role in the acquisition of aggressive properties by pancreatic cancer cells
13

Perineurální šíření pánevních nádorů: mechanismus a diagnostika / Perineural spread of pelvic tumors: mechanism and diagnosis

Čapek, Štěpán January 2021 (has links)
Perineural spread of pelvic tumors mechanism and diagnosis Abstract Neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathies are infrequent affections of the lumbosacral plexus. Cases with minimal or non-specific finding on imaging can be particularly puzzling to diagnose. We describe a series of patients with perineural spread from the site of the primary tumor along the visceral autonomous nerves to the lumbosacral plexus and further proximally to the spinal nerves and even intradurally and also distally to the sciatic nerve. On series of 17 patients diagnosed with perineural spread of pelvic malignancy we describe characteristic clinical presentation and imaging finding. In many of these cases a tissue biopsy is necessary to finalize the diagnosis. We describe operative technique of targeted fascicular biopsy of the sciatic nerve and our experience with this procedure. On series of 117 patients, we report the outcome and complication: diagnostic yield was 84.8% and complication rate was 2.7 %. If a tissue sample is needed to conclude the diagnosis, targeted fascicular biopsy does increase the yield at an acceptable complication rate. Perineural spread of pelvic cancer is a new clinical-pathological entity with an unknown natural history or ideal treatment strategy. Based on the imaging finding in this group we present a...
14

Contribution to the physiopathology, symptomatology and treatment of deep infiltrating endometriosis

Anaf, Vincent 15 December 2004 (has links)
L’endométriose est définie comme la présence de tissu endométrial et de stroma en dehors de la cavité utérine. Ses localisations les plus fréquentes sont le péritoine pelvien et les ovaires. L’endométriose infiltrante est classiquement décrite comme la présence de tissu endométriotique plus de cinq millimètres sous le péritoine pelvien ou la séreuse d’un organe. Histologiquement il s’agit d’une lésion endométriotique mais qui contrairement aux lésions ovariennes ou péritonéales contient significativement plus de muscle lisse et de fibrose et est davantage associée à la douleur. Les lésions infiltrantes peuvent être responsables de dysménorrhée, dyspareunie profonde et douleurs pelviennes chroniques sévères ayant un charactère hyperalgique tel qu’on peut le retrouver dans les douleurs neuropathiques. Ces douleurs nécessitent souvent la prise de quantités importantes d’antalgiques et ont des répercussions importantes sur la vie professionnelle, quotidienne et sexuelle des femmes atteintes. L’endométriose infiltrante présente un rapport histologique étroit avec les structures nerveuses du rétropéritoine ou les nerfs des organes atteints. Dans sa localisation rectovaginale il existe une relation histologique étroite entre les lésions d’endométriose et les nerfs ainsi qu’une correlation entre l’intensité de la douleur et le nombre de structures nerveuses envahies par l’endometriose ou engaînées dans la fibrose. Ces lésions infiltrantes expriment le «nerve growth factor» (NGF), une neurotrophine qui joue un rôle clé dans la genèse de l’hyperalgie et de la douleur. Les structures nerveuses du rétropéritoine pelvien expriment quant à elles le récepteur spécifique pour la neurotrophine NGF. Le système «NGF-récepteur spécifique» peut être responsable d’un chimiotactisme tissulaire entre les tissus sécrétant du NGF et les nerfs qui expriment le récepteur pour le NGF. Le système «NGF- récepteur spécifique» au sein de la relation endométriose-nerfs pourrait rendre compte du caractère hyperalgique des lésions endométriotiques infiltrantes ainsi, qu’expliquer pourquoi les lésions nodulaires n’apparaissent que dans les sites anatomiques richement innervés (ligaments utérosacrés, lame rectovaginale, paroi du rectum ou du côlon…) et pas ailleurs. Le traitement de première intention est chirurgical. Il convient d’être suffisamment agressif sur les lésions tout en engendrant le moins de séquelles postopératoires possibles sachant que nombre de ces femmes sont stériles. En cas d’atteinte digestive basse, les modalités de l’intervention sont dictées par l’extension et le degré d’infiltration de la paroi digestive. Dans le but de réaliser dans la majorité des cas une chirurgie minimalement invasive (laparoscopique) avec des cicatrices de petites tailles, nous avons développé une stratégie de traitement basée sur le degré d’infiltration de la paroi digestive. Dans ce cadre nous avons développé une technique laparo-assistée de résection colique segmentaire et de résection antérieure du rectum. / Doctorat en sciences médicales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
15

Impact of self-coiling catheters for continuous popliteal sciatic block on postoperative pain level and dislocation rate: a randomized controlled trial

Nickl, Rosa, Vicent, Oliver, Müller, Thomas, Osmers, Anne, Schubert, Konrad, Koch, Thea, Richter, Torsten 04 June 2024 (has links)
Background Dislocation of catheters within the tissue is a challenge in continuous regional anesthesia. A novel self-coiling catheter design is available and has demonstrated a lower dislocation rate in a cadaver model. The dislocation rate and effect on postoperative pain of these catheters in vivo has yet to be determined and were the subjects of this investigation. Methods After ethics committee approval 140 patients undergoing elective distal lower limb surgery were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled trial. Preoperatively, patients were randomly assigned and received either the conventional (n = 70) or self-coiling catheter (n = 70) for ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block in short axis view and by the in-plane approach from lateral to medial. The primary outcome was pain intensity after surgery and on the following three postoperative days. Secondary outcomes investigated were dislocation rate in situ determined by sonography, catheter movement visible from outside, opioid consumption as well as leakage at the puncture site. Results All catheters were successfully inserted. The study population of self-coiling catheters had significantly lower mean numeric rating scale values than the reference cohort on the first (p = 0.01) and second postoperative days (p < 0.01). Sonographic evaluation demonstrated, 42 standard catheters (60%) and 10 self-coiling catheters (14.3%) were dislocated in situ within the first three postoperative days. The externally visible movement of the catheters at insertion site did not differ significantly between groups through the third postoperative day. The opioid consumption was significantly lower in the self-coiling catheter group on the day of surgery and on the second and third postoperative days (p = 0.04, p = 0.03 and p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion The self-coiling catheter offers a better postoperative pain control and a lower dislocation rate within the tissue when blocking the popliteal sciatic nerve compared to a conventional catheter. Further trials in large patient cohorts are warranted to investigate the potential beneficial effects of self-coiling catheters for other localisations and other application techniques.
16

Objective evaluation of analgesia of the distal interphalangeal joint, the navicular bursa and perineural analgesia in horses with naturally occurring forelimb lameness localised to the foot

Katrinaki, Vasiliki 03 June 2024 (has links)
Vasiliki Katrinaki Objektive Beurteilung diagnostischer Anästhesien von Hufgelenk, Bursa podotrochlearis und Palmarnerven bei Pferden mit Vorderhandlahmheiten und deren Ursprung in der Hufregion. Klinik für Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig Eingereicht Dezember 2023 Einleitung: Orthopädische Erkrankungen weisen eine hohe Prävalenz bei Pferden auf und können das Wohlbefinden sowie ihre sportliche Nutzung stark beeinträchtigen. Erkrankungen des Hufrollen-Apparates sind für etwa ein Drittel aller chronischen Lahmheiten der Vordergliedmaße beim Pferd verantwortlich. Perineurale Anästhesien (Leitungsanästhesien) werden genutzt, um den Ursprung der Lahmheit am Pferdebein zu lokalisieren. Um die Lahmheitsursache genauer eingrenzen zu können, werden intra-synoviale Strukturen innerhalb des Hufes (Hufgelenk und/oder Bursa Podotrochlearis) anästhesiert. Die subjektive Beurteilung von Bewegungsstörungen sowie die Interpretation von diagnostischen Anästhesien führt oft zu Unstimmigkeiten zwischen unterschiedlichen Beobachtern. In den letzten Jahren wurden verschiedene Systeme entwickelt, welche eine Quantifizierung der Bewegungsstörung ermöglichen. Hiermit kann die prozentuale Verbesserung der Lahmheit nach der Durchführung diagnostischer Anästhesien über die Zeit erfasst und dokumentiert werden. Eine Anwendung solcher Systeme zur objektiven Beurteilung von Hufgelenkanästhesie (HG-A) und Bursa Podotrochlearis Analgesia (BP-A) wurde bei Pferden mit Vorderhandlahmheit bis heute nicht beschrieben. Ziel: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es: I) Die zeitabhängige Verbesserung natürlich vorkommender Vorderhandlahmheiten mit Ursprung in der Hufregion, nach erfolgter HG-A und BP-A bei Pferden zu beschreiben und II) zu prüfen, ob Schmerzen, die vom Hufgelenk bzw. dem Strahlbeinapparat ausgehen, mittels Leitungsanästhesien (Tiefe Palmarnervenanästhesie (TPA) und Mittlere Palmarnervenanästhesie (MPA)) unterschieden werden können. Unter Anwendung eines auf nicht-invasiven Beschleunigungssensoren basierenden Systems (BMISS, body-mounted inertial sensor system), sollten die Veränderungen des Bewegungsmusters vor und nach Einfluss der oben genannten diagnostischen Anästhesien quantitativ und objektiv erfasst werden. Tiere, Material und Methoden: Es handelt sich um eine prospektive klinische Studie an Patienten, die aufgrund einer Vorderhandlahmeit an der Pferdeklinik, Freie Universität Berlin, zwischen 2012 und 2016 vorstellig wurden. Alle Patienten wurden an drei aufeinander folgenden Tagen subjektiv und objektiv (BMISS) anhand eines standardisierten Protokolls von derselben Person orthopädisch untersucht. Am ersten Tag wurde der Ursprung der Lahmheit mittels Leitungsanästhesie lokalisiert. Bei positiver TPA oder MPA erfolgte anschließend eine HG-A (Tag 2) sowie eine BP-A (Tag 3). Das Gangbild wurde jeweils 10 Minuten (perineurale Anästhesie) bzw. 2, 5 und 10 Minuten (intra-synoviale Anästhesie) nach Injektion des Lokalanästhetikums beurteilt. Entsprechend wurden ausschließlich Pferde in die Studie eingeschlossen, bei denen mindesten eine der perineuralen und eine der intra-synovialen Anästhesien als “deutlich positiv” gewertet wurde. Die diagnostischen Anästhesien wurden als „deutlich positiv“ gewertet, wenn mittels BMISS eine Reduzierung der Lahmheit um mindestens 70% vom Ausgangswert gemessen wurde. Ergebnisse: Das Patientenkollektiv bestand aus 23 Pferden im Alter zwischen 4 und 16 Jahren. Anhand der Ergebnisse der Leitungsanästhesien wurden die Pferde den Gruppen „TPA“ (TPA positiv, n = 16) und „MPA“ (MPA positiv, n = 7) zugeordnet. Es konnte kein signifikanter Zusammengang zwischen einer Verbesserung der Lahmheit nach perineuraler Anästhesie und HG-A bzw. BP-A festgestellt werden (p > 0,05). Innerhalb der Gruppe „TPA“ war 2 Minuten nach intra-synovialer Injektion die Anzahl der Pferde, bei denen sich eine BP-A im Vergleich zur HG-A verbesserte, signifikant höher (p = 0,02). Bei den restlichen Messzeitpunkten konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen BP-A und HG-A innerhalb der Gruppe „TPA“ festgestellt werden (5 Minuten: p = 0,07; 10 Minuten: p = 0,1). Aufgrund der sehr kleinen Stichprobe wurden die Daten innerhalb der Gruppe „MPA“ ausschließlich deskriptiv analysiert. Bei Betrachtung der intra-synovialen Anästhesien (unabhängig von der Leitungsanästhesie), war 2 Minuten (p < 0,001) sowie 5 Minuten (p = 0,04) nach Injektion ein signifikanter Unterschied im durchschnittlichen Grad der Verbesserung der Lahmheit zwischen HG-A und BP-A deutlich. Zehn Minuten nach Injektion wurde für beide intra-synovialen Anästhesien kein bedeutender Unterschied im Bewegungsmuster gemessen (p = 0,06). Bezüglich der zeitabhängigen Verbesserung der Lahmheit unter Einfluss der verschiedenen intra-synovialen Anästhesien zeigten die Pferde nach BP-A eine signifikante Verbesserung der Lahmheit 2 Minuten nach Injektion, welche über die Zeit konstant blieb. Bei Pferden mit positiver HG-A wurde eher eine progressive Reduktion der Lahmheit beobachtet. Der Unterschied in der Verbesserung zwischen den Messzeitpunkten 2 und 10 Minuten (p = 0,04) war signifikant. Schlussfolgerungen: Perineurale Anästhesien der distalen Vordergliedmaße ermöglichen keine Differenzierung der genauen Schmerzlokalisation in der Hufregion. Intra-synoviale Anästhesien sollten in diesem Bereich sowohl 2 als auch 5 Minuten nach Injektion des Lokalanästhetikums evaluiert werden. Während nach PB-A eine schnelle und über den Zeitverlauf konstante Verbesserung der Lahmheit eintritt, ist bei der HG-A mit einer progressiven Verbesserung der Lahmheit über 10 min nach Injektion zu rechnen.:Table of contents I List of illustrations II Abbreviations III 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................1 2. Literature......................................................................................................................3 2.1. Anatomy...................................................................................................................3 2.2. Forelimb lameness...................................................................................................5 2.3. Necessity for objective gait analysis…………………………………………………....6 2.4. Objective lameness evaluation.................................................................................7 2.5. Body-mounted inertial sensor system, Lameness Locator……………………….….8 2.6. Diagnostic analgesia of the distal limb……………….…………………………….…..9 2.7. Diagnostic imaging.................................................................................................11 2.8. Therapy....................................................................................................................12 2.9. Hypotheses.............................................................................................................13 3. Publication.................................................................................................................14 4. Declaration of own portion of work in publication.....................................................23 5. Discussion..................................................................................................................24 6. Zusammenfassung.....................................................................................................34 7. Summary………………………………………………………......…………………..…....36 8. Literature....................................................................................................................38 9. Acknowledgements....................................................................................................46 / Vasiliki Katrinaki Title: Objective evaluation for analgesia of the distal interphalangeal joint, the navicular bursa and perineural analgesia in horses with naturally occurring forelimb lameness localised to the foot Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University Submitted in December 2023 Introduction: Lameness is a very common problem in horses, and pathologies of the navicular apparatus constitute up to one-third of all chronic forelimb lameness. Despite its high occurrence, and the fact that it can severely impair the horse’s sporting career and affect their welfare, contradictory results of diagnostic analgesia are documented. The interpretation of perineural analgesia remains confusing regarding the ability of the palmar digital nerve block (PDNB) to differentiate pain coming from pathologies of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) or the navicular syndrome. Thus, the outcome and interpretation of intra-synovial diagnostic analgesia of the distal interphalangeal joint and the navicular bursa remain controversial, and no objective live over ground studies have been performed so far to establish the percentage of improvement over time from these two analgesia techniques. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to objectively evaluate with the use of an inertial-sensor based system the qualitative and time-dependent outcome of distal interphalangeal joint analgesia (DIPJ-A) and navicular bursa analgesia (NB-A) in naturally occurring forelimb lameness and to assess if perineural analgesia of the distal limb can differentiate pain coming from the DIPJ or the navicular apparatus. Study design: Prospective clinical trial. Methods: Clinical cases with forelimb lameness were evaluated objectively using a body- mounted inertial sensor system (BMISS) at the Equine Hospital of Freie Universität Berlin, Germany between 2012 and 2016. The ages of the animals varied between four and 16 years. A three-day lameness examination was performed subjectively and objectively. The subjective evaluation was always performed by the same veterinarian during the 3 days and the objective examination was performed using the BMISS. The horses were hospitalised for the three-day lameness examination. Lameness was localised to the foot with a palmar digital nerve block and/or an abaxial sesamoidean nerve block (ASNB) at day 1, and analgesia of the DIPJ (DIPJ-A) and NB (NB-A) were performed at day 2 and 3. Improvement following perineural analgesia was measured after 10 min and intra-synovial blocks after 2, 5 and 10 min, respectively. Horses with at least 70% improvement measured objectively after diagnostic analgesia were included in the study. Results: A total of 23 cases of forelimb lameness were included in this study. The age of the horses varied between four and 16 years. The side and degree of baseline lameness remained stable during the 3 days of lameness examination. The PDNB group included horses with a positive PDNB (n=16) and the ASNB group included horses with a negative PDNB and a positive ASNB (n=7). The majority of the horses had a positive response to PDNB compared with ASNB but there was no significant association between improvement following perineural analgesia and the DIPJ-A and NB-A in the number of horses that improved after DIPJ and NB analgesia (p>0.05). Comparison between the PDNB group and intra-synovial analgesia showed that in 2 min assessments there was a statistically significant difference in the number of horses that improved with an NB-A compared to DIPJ-A (p=0.02). In 5 min and 10 min evaluations, such a result was no longer observed (p=0.07 in 5 min, p=0.1 in 10 min). Comparison of the ASNB group to intra-synovial analgesia was descriptive because the number of horses included in this group was small. The mean improvement in the lameness was different between DIPJ-A and NB-A at 2 min (p<0.001) and at 5 min (p=0.04); however, this difference was no longer observed after 10 min (p=0.06). Evaluation of intra-synovial analgesia over time showed that a positive NB-A revealed a high degree of improvement already after 2 min that remained stable, whereas the DIPJ-A improved over time showing a significant difference in mean improvement between 2 min and 10 min measurements (p=0.04). Conclusions: Our results suggest that perineural analgesia is not reliable enough to differentiate pain originating from DIPJ and NB. The DIPJ-A and the NB-A should be evaluated at 2 and 5 min, since a significant difference of lameness improvement was measured for these points of time, pointing out the necessity to perform both blocks to identify the painful region. An early evaluation of the DIPJ-A and NB-A can determine the origin of the pain. An improvement in NB-A was constant over time, whereas a progressive improvement in lameness over the 10 min after injection is to be excepted in DIPJ-A.:Table of contents I List of illustrations II Abbreviations III 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................1 2. Literature......................................................................................................................3 2.1. Anatomy...................................................................................................................3 2.2. Forelimb lameness...................................................................................................5 2.3. Necessity for objective gait analysis…………………………………………………....6 2.4. Objective lameness evaluation.................................................................................7 2.5. Body-mounted inertial sensor system, Lameness Locator……………………….….8 2.6. Diagnostic analgesia of the distal limb……………….…………………………….…..9 2.7. Diagnostic imaging.................................................................................................11 2.8. Therapy....................................................................................................................12 2.9. Hypotheses.............................................................................................................13 3. Publication.................................................................................................................14 4. Declaration of own portion of work in publication.....................................................23 5. Discussion..................................................................................................................24 6. Zusammenfassung.....................................................................................................34 7. Summary………………………………………………………......…………………..…....36 8. Literature....................................................................................................................38 9. Acknowledgements....................................................................................................46

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