Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:30:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ilisabet Pradi Krames.pdf: 1073206 bytes, checksum: ea9f6199a9d2c80721a2cfd4261ac84b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper is about the Programa Universidade para Todos PROUNI, a current theme that has been gaining attention on research into the field of Brazilian Higher Education. This public education policy is aimed at democratizing Higher Education in the country, and is a reference to this work, which aims to analyze PROUNI implantation and its repercussions in an Institute of Higher Education in Santa Catarina. The methodological option used had been based on the qualitative approach, giving priority to the analysis of the content. The application of the research tools with the students benefited from a PROUNI scholarship and with the three segments of the Institute of Higher Education manager group researched allowed the crossing of the categories that made up axis of analysis. This procedure allowed us to determine the closeness and antagonism degree between the perceptions and expectations of the students and the social commitment policy of the Institute that admitted and hosted the student that has been benefited with the scholarship. This policy has been understood in the context of this research as a differentiator in terms of social responsibility that optimizes the permanence of the student in Higher Education. When investigating the process of deploying PROUNI and its repercussions in the Institute, the research shows: expectations and social commitments of the Higher Education Institute resulting from the implantation of the program; expectations and commitment of the students; the students point of view about the access and retention in the Higher Education Program; the understanding about PROUNI as a social inclusion policy, and the differential of a private institute that admits and hosts the students that have been benefited with the program scholarship. The research and data analysis methodologies pointed out that the Public Policies and the actions of the State aimed at inclusion and social welfare can achieve the results they aim, if there is a collective involvement of the Institutes of Higher Education that join PROUNI; for the students of the Institute of Higher Education that are connected to the program, we realized that the access can be understood as the unique opportunity to change his/her live and, despite difficulties, the inclusion is understood as a right. The social commitments of the Institute of Higher Education that join the program need to be translated into concrete actions of hosting, guiding and monitoring the scholarship students / O presente trabalho trata do Programa Universidade para Todos (PROUNI), um tema atual e que vem merecendo destaque nas pesquisas voltadas para o campo da educação superior no Brasil. Tendo como referência esta política pública de educação, cuja finalidade é a democratização do ensino superior no país, o objetivo geral estabelecido na presente pesquisa é analisar a implantação e as repercussões do PROUNI numa Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) de Santa Catarina. Como opção metodológica, primou-se pelas orientações da abordagem qualitativa, priorizando a análise de conteúdo. A aplicação dos instrumentos de pesquisa junto aos alunos bolsistas PROUNI e a três segmentos do grupo gestor da IES pesquisada permitiu o cruzamento das categorias que compuseram o eixo de análise. Tal procedimento possibilitou verificar o grau de aproximação ou de antagonismo entre as percepções e expectativas dos alunos e a política de compromisso social da Instituição, que assumiu e acolheu o aluno bolsista. Essa política é entendida, no contexto desta pesquisa, como um diferencial em termos de responsabilidade social, que otimiza a permanência do bolsista no ensino superior. Ao investigar o processo de implantação do PROUNI e as suas repercussões na Instituição, a pesquisa evidencia: expectativas e compromissos sociais da IES decorrentes da implantação; expectativas e compromissos dos alunos bolsistas; a visão desses alunos sobre o Programa no tocante ao acesso e à permanência no ensino superior; bem como a compreensão sobre o PROUNI enquanto política de inclusão social e o diferencial de uma instituição privada que assume e acolhe o aluno bolsista deste Programa. Os procedimentos de pesquisa e a análise dos dados assinalaram que as políticas públicas e as ações do Estado voltadas à inclusão e ao bem-estar social podem, efetivamente, alcançar os resultados que potencialmente objetivam, desde que haja um envolvimento coletivo das IES que aderirem ao PROUNI. No que concerne ao aluno PROUNI da IES pesquisada, percebeu-se que o acesso é compreendido como uma oportunidade única para a mudança de vida e, apesar das dificuldades encontradas, a inclusão é tomada como um direito. Nesse sentido, o compromisso social das IES que aderem ao Programa precisa ser traduzido em ações concretas de acolhimento, orientação e acompanhamento aos alunos bolsistas

Introdução A preservação de práticas e costumes alimentares de anciãos moradores em instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI) localizadas em pequenos centros urbanos mineiros contribui para uma percepção positiva de estar na instituição. Objetivo Investigar se existe semelhança entre a alimentação recordada entre os idosos moradores nessas ILPI, referente ao período pré-institucionalização, com aquela hoje realizada pelas cozinheiras dessas instituições. Delinear o perfil de sensação de bem-estar manifestada pelos assistidos. Métodos Os critérios de inclusão dos atores participantes do estudo foram: ser nativo da região mineira do Lago de Furnas e apresentar condições para dialogar com o pesquisador (recomendados pela direção das instituições). Em seguida foi explicado aos indicados a finalidade da pesquisa e 34 deles concordaram em participar: 15 moradores na ILPI I, 7 na ILPI II e 12 na ILPI III. O número de cozinheiras entrevistadas, por instituição, foram duas pessoas. Resultados A aplicação de teste estatístico pertinente, indicou que as ILPI atendem 84,5 por cento dos pratos doces recordados coincidentemente nas três ILPI. Quanto aos salgados, cujas lembranças também coincidiram nas três ILPI, todos eles são atendidos inteiramente no presente. O perfil de sensação de bem-estar revelada pelos residentes foi positivo, pois a somatória das respostas ótimo e bom em relação à comida ofertada correspondeu a 85 por cento o que coincidiu com os resultados referentes à percepção de contentamento em morar na instituição. Conclusão A conservação das práticas e costumes alimentares de grupo populacional similar ao estudado pode ser uma das alegrias de existir na velhice / Introduction The preservation of eating practices and habits of advanced adults resident in elderly long term permanence institutions (ELTPI) located in small urban centers of Minas Gerais State contributes for a positive perception of being in the institution. Objective Investigating a possible similarity between the recalled foods among the elderly residing in these ELTPI referring to pre-institutionalization period and those carried out today by the institution cooks. Outlining the well being sensation profile manifested by the assisted. Methodology The inclusion criteria for the actors participating in the study were: being native of the Minas Gerais Lago de Furnas region and presenting conditions to engage in dialogue with the researcher (subjects recommended by the head of the institutions). The indicated were then explained the purpose of the research and 34 of them agreed to participate: 15 residents in ELTPI I, 7 in ELTPI II and 12 in ELTPI III. The number of interviewed cooks was 2 per institution. Results Administration of pertinent statistical tests indicated that the three ELTPI coincidentally offer 84,5 per centof the sweet recalled dishes. Concerning the savory dishes with recollections coinciding in all three ELTPI all the recalled dishes are offered at present. The well being sensation profile reveled by the residents was positive once the total of the excellent and good responses in relation to the offered food was 85 per cent, which correlates with the results relative to the perception of joy in living in the institution. Conclusion The preservation of the eating practices and habits of population groups similar to the one studied may represent one of the joys of being old

[pt] Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre o feminino,sobre os enigmas que flutuam o seu universo e que produzem uma imagem social relevante e sustentável . Essa imagem enuncia transformações decorrentes de aspectos sócio-culturais e vai revelando como o comportamento feminino está inserido em circunstâncias históricas e em que proporção a literatura desvela e influencia tais mudanças. Para esse olhar , tomamos A Moreninha, de Joaquim Manuel de Macedo, como fio condutor e o romance nos foi mostrando uma nova mulher, uma mulher que em sua morenice retrata brasilidade e apresenta nova matiz feminina. Conseqüentemente, visualizamos um novo Macedo, um Macedo que alinhava irreverência e equilíbrio, um Macedo que ousamos ver grande e anunciador de um universo feminino capaz de tecer novos conceitos e de produzir voz e tornar-se visível e representável. / [en] This work introduces a study about the feminineness, about the riddlesthat floatits universe and produce an important and sustainablesocial image. This image enunciates transformation originated from social- cultural aspects and keeps on showing how the feminine behavior is inserted in historical circumstances and in which proportion literature shows influences these changes. Concerning this point of view we consider A Moreninha, written by Joaquim Manuel de Macedo as the starting point and the novel began to show a new woman, a woman who with her brunetteness represents brazilian feelings and also a new female clour. For this reason we visualize a new Macedo. A Macedo that gathered inreverence and equilibrium. A Macedo we dare to consider a great announcer of a feminine universe able to create new concepts and producing voice, becaming visible and representative.

I compared the utility of two continuous time-series data measures for applied conservation biology by investigating how well each could predict future local persistence of a diverse set of bird species. I used 37 years of data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey to calculate abundance from yearly point-counts and permanence (i.e., consistent occupancy over time) from yearly presence-absence data in the early portion of the study period, then used the later portion of data to empirically evaluate how well each measure predicted persistence two decades into the future. I found that permanence could only match the ability of abundance to accurately predict local species persistence if multiple within-year repeated observations contributed to its calculation. Neither measure was effective at predicting persistence for regionally rarer species. I suggest the yearly and within-year repeated collection of abundance estimating data for use in applied conservation biology to best ensure biodiversity persistence.

I compared the utility of two continuous time-series data measures for applied conservation biology by investigating how well each could predict future local persistence of a diverse set of bird species. I used 37 years of data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey to calculate abundance from yearly point-counts and permanence (i.e., consistent occupancy over time) from yearly presence-absence data in the early portion of the study period, then used the later portion of data to empirically evaluate how well each measure predicted persistence two decades into the future. I found that permanence could only match the ability of abundance to accurately predict local species persistence if multiple within-year repeated observations contributed to its calculation. Neither measure was effective at predicting persistence for regionally rarer species. I suggest the yearly and within-year repeated collection of abundance estimating data for use in applied conservation biology to best ensure biodiversity persistence.

This thesis investigates the relationship between foster care placement settings and discharges. Placement settings are where foster children live: foster homes, group homes, etc. There may be one or several placements for any individual child. In the interest of stability, federal funding to states depends in part on low numbers of placement moves. Federal reviews, however, do not consider whether the placement settings resemble permanent family life (foster homes compared to congregate care) or the direction of placement moves. Competing risks regression was used to analyze time to discharge data of foster children in Georgia. Discharges (competing risks) were compared based on the number and the direction of placement moves. Children with movement patterns that favored placements similar to permanent family life were found to have higher probabilities of discharges to safe permanence. This thesis promotes “proximity to permanence” as an important, but often overlooked, consideration in foster care placements.

Chlamydia, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, is one of the most important sexually-transmitted infections globally. In addition to accounting for millions of cases every year, the disease causes numerous irreversible complications such as chronic pelvic pain, infertility in females and pelvic inflammatory disease. This thesis presents a number of mathematical models, of the form of deterministic systems of non-linear differential equations, for gaining qualitative insight into the transmission dynamics and control of Chlamydia within an infected host (in vivo) and in a population. The models designed address numerous important issues relating to the transmission dynamics of Chlamydia trachomatis, such as the roles of immune response, sex structure, time delay (in modelling the latency period) and risk structure (i.e., risk of acquiring or transmitting infection). The in-host model is shown to have a globally-asymptotically stable Chlamydia-free equilibrium whenever a certain biological threshold is less than unity. It has a unique Chlamydia-present equilibrium when the threshold exceeds unity. Unlike the in-host model, the two-group (males and females) population-level model undergoes a backward bifurcation, where a stable disease-free equilibrium co-exists with one or more stable endemic equilibria when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. This phenomenon, which is shown to be caused by the re-infection of recovered individuals, makes the effort to eliminate the disease from the population more difficult. Extending the two-group model to incorporate risk structure shows that the backward bifurcation phenomenon persists even when recovered individuals do not acquire re-infection. In other words, it is shown that stratifying the sexually-active population in terms of risk of acquiring or transmitting infection guarantees the presence of backward bifurcation in the transmission dynamics of Chlamydia in a population. Finally, it is shown (via numerical simulations) that a future Chlamydia vaccine that boosts cell-mediated immune response will be more effective in curtailing Chlamydia burden in vivo than a vaccine that enhances humoral immune response. The population-level impact of various targeted treatment strategies, in controlling the spread of Chlamydia in a population, are compared. In particular, it is shown that the use of treatment could have positive or negative population-level impact (depending on the sign of a certain epidemiological threshold).

Chlamydia, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, is one of the most important sexually-transmitted infections globally. In addition to accounting for millions of cases every year, the disease causes numerous irreversible complications such as chronic pelvic pain, infertility in females and pelvic inflammatory disease. This thesis presents a number of mathematical models, of the form of deterministic systems of non-linear differential equations, for gaining qualitative insight into the transmission dynamics and control of Chlamydia within an infected host (in vivo) and in a population. The models designed address numerous important issues relating to the transmission dynamics of Chlamydia trachomatis, such as the roles of immune response, sex structure, time delay (in modelling the latency period) and risk structure (i.e., risk of acquiring or transmitting infection). The in-host model is shown to have a globally-asymptotically stable Chlamydia-free equilibrium whenever a certain biological threshold is less than unity. It has a unique Chlamydia-present equilibrium when the threshold exceeds unity. Unlike the in-host model, the two-group (males and females) population-level model undergoes a backward bifurcation, where a stable disease-free equilibrium co-exists with one or more stable endemic equilibria when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. This phenomenon, which is shown to be caused by the re-infection of recovered individuals, makes the effort to eliminate the disease from the population more difficult. Extending the two-group model to incorporate risk structure shows that the backward bifurcation phenomenon persists even when recovered individuals do not acquire re-infection. In other words, it is shown that stratifying the sexually-active population in terms of risk of acquiring or transmitting infection guarantees the presence of backward bifurcation in the transmission dynamics of Chlamydia in a population. Finally, it is shown (via numerical simulations) that a future Chlamydia vaccine that boosts cell-mediated immune response will be more effective in curtailing Chlamydia burden in vivo than a vaccine that enhances humoral immune response. The population-level impact of various targeted treatment strategies, in controlling the spread of Chlamydia in a population, are compared. In particular, it is shown that the use of treatment could have positive or negative population-level impact (depending on the sign of a certain epidemiological threshold).

No description available.

Ecological communities along gradients of environmental stress are thought to be structured by trade-offs between resisting biotic interactions in physically benign habitats and successfully exploiting physically stressful habitats. However, these trade-offs are likely to be affected by the predictability of abiotic stressors, and variation in the strength of biotic interactions. I investigated community assembly and food web interactions in ponds across an unpredictable gradient of water inundation (pond permanence) in Canterbury, New Zealand. Pond community composition and species richness were strongly influenced by pond permanence. However, species in temporary ponds were a nested subset of generalists that were also found in permanent ponds, rather than a unique assemblage of temporary pond specialists. Subsequent experiments indicated predator impact decreased with pond permanence, partially due to the foraging suppression of predatory invertebrates in permanent ponds by fish. Weak predation in permanent ponds combined with unpredictable drying regimes likely selected for generalist traits, and resulted in community assembly being driven by a gradient of drying stress rather than trade-offs between biotic interactions and drying. Furthermore, predator impact increased over time in temporary ponds. In predictable snow-melt ponds in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, seasonal windows of weak predation were exploited by vulnerable species, leading to increased diversity within habitats. However in unpredictable systems like Canterbury, temporal increases in predation risk that depend on drying history are likely to increase variability in the spatial arrangement of suitable habitats for particular species. This should further favour the evolution of generalist traits and reduce the importance of trade-offs between predation and drying in the assembly of communities. Considering the predictability of disturbance regimes and the spatial and temporal variation in biotic interactions will greatly enhance understanding and management of communities in heterogeneous landscapes.