<p>Both basic personality traits and clinical personality disorders have been studied in the context of a wide range of behaviors, including antisocial behavior and aggression. Although the five-factor model (FFM) has been examined in relation to several types of non-partner aggression, relatively few studies have assessed the relations between FFM traits and intimate partner aggression perpetration. Additionally, some work has suggested that there may be differential personality correlates of intimate partner aggression versus other forms of aggression, but none has directly compared these types of aggression in terms of their personality trait profiles. The present study, reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board, sought to answer those questions as well as critically evaluate the potential mediating role of basic traits in the relation between personality disorder (PD) symptoms and outcomes related to aggression and antisocial behavior. A total of 307 participants, recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), completed a number of questionnaires assessing personality traits, PD symptoms, and various types of aggressive and antisocial behavior. Findings suggest that traits related to Agreeableness and Conscientiousness generally demonstrated the strongest and most consistent (negative) relations across all measures of aggression and antisocial behavior; however, Neuroticism-related traits also demonstrated moderate (positive) correlations with certain types of aggression. PD symptoms almost all predicted aggressive and antisocial behavior, and although ASPD and BPD were two of the most robust PD symptom correlates across aggression and antisocial behavior outcomes, they were not always the strongest PD symptom correlate for each behavior. Personality profiles were moderately similar across aggression subtypes, but some showed more convergence than others. Finally, relations between PD symptom counts and aggressive and antisocial behavior were largely accounted for by more basic personality traits.</p>

Over the last several decades, a growing awareness of the benefits of regular screening for common health conditions, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, has paved the way for preventative screenings to become routine in medical settings. Given that cognitive impairment is frequently reported as the number one worry of older adults, home-based cognitive monitoring may be an innovative solution that allows middle aged and older adults to take an active role in monitoring an important aspect of their health. Although several home-based cognitive monitoring programs have been validated for use in clinical and home-based settings, the Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB) may be the leading candidate based on its brevity, reliability, and lack of practice effects. Although home-based monitoring via the CBB tends to be well-received by participants, it remains unclear how participant characteristics such as personality traits may affect their performance over time. In addition, the factors related to participants’ adherence and satisfaction with regular cognitive monitoring have yet to be examined. Addressing these unknowns are important, as they can help determine what to expect in terms of participant performance, adherence, and satisfaction, if home-based cognitive monitoring was implemented on a population-wide level in the future. This study examined how personality traits influenced cognitive performance over time on the CBB and explored participant adherence and satisfaction with regular cognitive monitoring over 60 months, using quantitative and qualitative data from a sample of cognitively healthy older adults recruited from communities in central Florida (N=158). Statistical analyses of the quantitative data using mixed effects models showed that personality traits were associated with performance on the CBB; in particular, higher conscientiousness was related to more accurate performance at baseline and improvements in speed over time. In addition, higher openness was associated with less accurate performance at baseline and slower, yet more accurate performance over time. In general, participants’ performance was relatively stable over time and fluctuations in performance occurred mostly in the first year of the study. Intraindividual variability also decreased over time, with significant decreases in variability occurring in participants who were higher in conscientiousness and openness. Mixed methods analyses of the data also suggested that participants liked their overall experience with the CBB, exhibited good study adherence over time, and were able to complete their monthly assessments with a high degree of independence. The themes that emerged from the qualitative analysis of participants’ study feedback suggest that most participants liked that CBB was easy, convenient to use, and provided them with a way to challenge themselves. However, some participants disliked one task in particular and felt that the CBB eventually became repetitive. The findings from both studies are useful for future applications of cognitive monitoring programs, as they would help improve the accuracy of conclusions drawn from participants’ performance and could also lead to the development of strategies that encourage long-term participation among individuals whom low study adherence and satisfaction is likely.

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Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det fanns några samband mellan femfaktormodellen och copingstrategier hos universitetsstudenter i Sverige, samt vilka personlighetsegenskaper som relaterade till de olika copingstrategierna. Genom att använda kvantitativ metod konstruerades ett enkätformulär som publicerades i olika grupper på Facebook. Studien gick ut på att undersöka hur de fem personlighetsdimensionerna utåtriktning, vänlighet, målmedvetenhet, känslomässig instabilitet och öppenhet relaterade till fyra utvalda copingstrategier: aktiv coping, undvikande coping, beteendemässig frånkoppling och nyttjande av emotionellt stöd. Vi använde oss av olika teorier kring vad som påverkar individers val av copingstrategier. Teorierna säger emot varandra och därför ville vi betrakta vår studie som ytterligare ett bidrag till forskningen, för att analysera vilken teori vår undersökning stöttar. Totalt deltog 121 personer i studien och datan analyserades genom multipla linjära regressionsanalyser, detta för att belysa vilka personlighetsegenskaper som predicerade vilka copingstrategier. Våra hypoteser var att utåtriktning skulle vara associerat med hög aktiv coping, att känslomässig instabilitet skulle vara associerat med högt nyttjande av emotionellt stöd och låg aktiv coping och att målmedvetenhet skulle vara associerat med hög aktiv coping. Genom multipla linjära regressionsanalyser visade resultaten i studien på att personlighetsegenskaperna utåtriktning, målmedvetenhet och känslomässig instabilitet predicerade aktiv coping positivt. Personlighetsegenskaperna utåtriktning och målmedvetenhet predicerade undvikande coping negativt. Personlighetsegenskaperna utåtriktning och målmedvetenhet predicerade beteendemässig frånkoppling negativt. Personlighetsegenskaperna utåtriktning och vänlighet predicerade emotionell coping positivt.Vi drog slutsatsen att det fanns en stark koppling mellan de fem personlighetsegenskaperna och de fyra copingstrategierna. / The purpose of this study was to examine whether there were any associations between the big five and coping strategies among university students in Sweden, as well as to examine which personality traits that would predict the different coping strategies. By using quantitative method, a survey was constructed and published in various groups on Facebook. The aim of the study was to examine if the five personality dimensions: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness would relate to four selected coping strategies: active coping, denial coping, behavioral disengagement and use of emotional support. We used theories on what influences individuals' choices of coping strategies. The theories contradict each other and therefore we wanted to consider our study as another contribution to the research area, to analyze which theory our study supports. A total of 121 people participated in the study and we analyzed the data through multiple linear regression analyzes, in order to shed a light on which personality traits predicted which coping strategies. Our hypotheses were that extraversion would be associated with high active coping, that neuroticism would be associated with high use of emotional support and low active coping, and that conscientiousness would be associated with high active coping. Through multiple linear regression analyzes, the results of the study showed that the personality traits extraversion, conscientiousness and neuroticism predicted active coping positively. The personality traits extraversion and conscientiousness predicted the denial coping strategy negatively. The personality traits extraversion and conscientiousness predicted behavioral disengagement negatively. The personality traits extraversion and agreeableness predicted use of emotional support positively. We concluded that there was a strong association between the big five personality traits and the four coping strategies.

Animal personality is a fairly new branch of biology and has been defined as a difference in behaviour between individuals that is relatively consistent across time and/or context. What researchers now are interested in is to find out what it is that creates and maintains this relatively consistent difference between individuals. One possibility is the stress hormone, corticosterone. I have in this report summed up some of the available studies regarding animal personality and its possible correlation to corticosterone. The personality traits that have been reviewed in this report are boldness, exploration, activity, aggressiveness and sociability. The result of these studies show that boldness have both a negative and a positive correlation; exploration showed different correlations between studies; aggressiveness showed different correlation between different animal types and sociability showed both a negative and none correlations. The only one that I could not determent the correlation for was activity. The research regarding animal personality and corticosterone can be of use when looking at animal welfare and how stress affects different individuals. This can give us a direction in our work to reduce stress for animals in research facilities and food production.

Tatueringskonsten är uråldrig och har präglats av negativa attityder och stigmatisering samt att forskning har visat att tatueringar påverkar tillskrivningen av egenskaper. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om tatueringar kan förstärka tillskrivningen av egenskaper när en individ anses vara vårdad eller ovårdad. Studien utfördes genom ett experiment där fyra versioner av bilder på en kvinna manipulerats utifrån resultatet av en pilotstudie som undersökte vårdadhet. Resultatet visade att tatueringar har en signifikant påverkan på tillskrivningen av positiva sociala egenskaper där kvinnan med tatueringar skattades högre än sin icke-tatuerade motpart. Tatueringar hade ingen effekt på indexen Utseende och Kompetens. Ingen interaktionseffekt mellan vårdadhet och tatueringar identifierades. Resultatet går i linje med forskning från de senaste tre åren och tyder på att bilden av tatuerade har förändrats. Förslag till framtida forskning är att replikera studien med starkare manipulation av variabeln vårdadhet samt studera tidigare undersökta områden för att verifiera attityden till tatuerade.

Management control research has often focused on finding the right fit between management control systems and the unique situational context of organizations, but few studies have examined the role of individual personality traits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a better understanding about the relationship between the Big Five personality traits, management control systems and organizational commitment. We addressed the research gap regarding how the interaction between the Big Five personality traits and management control systems may affect organizational commitment. To answer the research questions, data was collected using a web survey, which was analyzed in statistical software. In total, 103 responses from managers across 30 Swedish companies, were obtained. Our findings indicate that the interaction of the personality trait conscientiousness and results control, and the interaction of the personality trait agreeableness, and cultural control may affect organizational commitment. Based on these findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

The problem with which this study was concerned was that of determining of climatic circumstances significantly affect personality development.

En la actualidad, la educación emprendedora está tomando un rol fundamental para fomentar el emprendimiento en todo el mundo, ya que tanto las economías desarrolladas o aquellas en vía de desarrollo consideran al emprendimiento como una alternativa para salir de la crisis económica y la incertidumbre laboral, que principalmente se ve en los jóvenes. Por ello, las universidades vienen desarrollando diferentes programas de educación emprendedora para fomentar esta intención y en este vínculo algunas investigaciones consideran como algo positivo el impacto de estos programas; mientras que otras, sostienen lo contrario. En el presente trabajo se han revisado investigaciones de los últimos 5 años relacionadas a la intención y educación emprendedoras, dado que dentro de esta participación existen posturas a favor y en contra de la influencia de los factores situacionales y personales. Además, se identifican y plantean nuevas líneas de investigación, de tal manera que los resultados contribuyan a comprender el proceso de formación de la intención emprendedora, para que así, tanto la academia como el gobierno, las empresas, los investigadores y actores interesados puedan desarrollar propuestas más acertadas. / At present, entrepreneurial education is taking a fundamental role in fostering entrepreneurship worldwide, since both developed and developing economies see entrepreneurship as an alternative to get out of the economic crisis and job uncertainty. , which is mostly seen in young people. For this reason, universities have been developing different entrepreneurial education programs to foster entrepreneurial intent, and in this connection, some research considers the impact of these programs to be positive, while others maintain the opposite. In the present work, investigations of the last 5 years related to entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial education have been reviewed, within this relationship the positions for and against the influence of situational and personal factors. In addition, new lines of research are identified and proposed, so that the results contribute to understanding the process of entrepreneurial intention formation, so that the academy, government, companies, researchers and stakeholders can develop proposals more successful.

Nurse shortages and nurse turnover are major issues in the health care industry. As 4 generations of nurses are working side by side for the first time in history in the health care industry, nurse leaders need to understand the generational differences in order to bridge the gap on retaining the nurses in the workforce. The primary focus of this applied dissertation study was to explore and obtain the lived experiences of leading the nursing intergenerational cohorts, as well as the strategies that nurse leaders or nurse managers can utilize to meritoriously attract, retain, and motivate the generational nursing workforce. The Leadership Questionnaire, designed in 2008 by Dr. Nelson, was utilized to interview 5 nurse administrators of the phenomenon to comprehend how the health care nurse administrators can utilize productive techniques of leading the nursing generational cohorts. The target population was members of a professional long-term care association. Once the nurse administrators agreed to participate on the study and signed the consent form, the researcher scheduled an initial 45-minute interview of three 15- to 30-minute interviews over a 3-month period. The data collected as a result of this study revealed findings: (a) the intergenerational educational gap in the nursing workforce, (b) the needs of the intergenerational nurses, (c) the critical aspect of continuing of professional education training development for the nurses, and (d) the critical leadership values on leading the intergenerational nursing cohorts. This applied research study dissertation intended to assist nurse leaders to reframe perceptions regarding the nurses’ intergenerational group (e.g., Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y) differences and to view these differences in attitudes and behaviors as potential strengths.