A atividade exploratoria em tarefas de ancoragem haptica exerce um efeito positivo em tarefas desafiadoras ao controle postural. A melhora ou reducao da instabilidade postural em tarefas de ancoragem foi comprovada em diversos grupos (i.e., adultos jovens, adultos idosos, criancas, e participantes com deficiencia) e condicoes experimentais (i.e., variados niveis de complexidade de tarefa postural). O problema deste estudo foi analisar em contextos de tarefas posturais se existe uma relacao entre o desequilibrio homeostatico provocado pelo exercicio fisico de esforco maximo (que afeta o sistema postural pelo impacto no sistema autonomo) e o sistema haptico (que integra adicional estrategia de controle voluntario ao sistema postural). O objetivo do nosso estudo foi testar se a informacao haptica proporcionada pelo uso do sistema ancora exibe efeitos imediatos de atenuacao dos niveis de instabilidade postural aumentada pela fadiga geral decorrente do exercicio fisico maximo. O sistema ancora incorpora atividade exploratoria simultanea a execucao de uma tarefa postural desafiadora. O contexto de ancoragem inclui o manejo de dois cabos flexiveis com cargas anexas em suas extremidades que possibilita a exploracao haptica. Neste estudo, dois grupos foram compostos, um grupo experimental com vinte e tres adultos jovens fisicamente ativos e um grupo controle composto de dez adultos jovens. Ambos os grupos realizaram duas sessoes experimentais (com ancora; sem ancora) com tarefas de controle postural. Para o grupo experimental, as duas sessoes consistiram em: a. uma tarefa de equilibrio antes do esforco fisico, b. um protocolo incremental de esforco, e c. tarefas de equilibrio apos o protocolo de esforco realizados em 4 diferentes momentos ate 15 minutos. Para a inducao do esforco fisico, utilizamos um protocolo incremental maximo em esteira ergometrica, e as duas sessoes experimentais foram realizadas em dias diferentes com prazo maximo entre elas de 14 dias. O grupo controle realizou as mesmas sessoes, entretanto o protocolo de inducao ao esforco fisico foi substituido por um periodo equivalente de descanso. O objetivo da existencia do grupo controle foi verificar a presenca de um efeito de aprendizagem durante a execucao das tarefas. Os resultados para o grupo experimental das variaveis relacionados ao deslocamento do CT, no dominio do tempo mostraram que a informacao haptica proveniente do sistema ancora atenuou a instabilidade postural durante condicoes de tarefas de controle postural onde o participante encontrava-se sob os efeitos da fadiga. Em todas as condicoes experimentais, o exercicio fisico maximo na esteira produziu um aumento na oscilacao postural, como esperado. Entretanto, quando a informacao haptica foi associada na tarefa experimental, a oscilacao postural foi significativamente diminuida. Embora a informacao haptica tenha atenuado significativamente os efeitos da fadiga geral sobre os niveis de oscilacao postural, a velocidade de recuperacao dos valores basais da oscilacao postural foi, na condicao de ancoragem, reduzida dada sua proximidade com os valores de oscilacao tipicos da tarefa sem a fadiga. Os resultados do grupo controle demonstraram que as tarefas utilizadas nao foram suficientes para promover um efeito de aprendizagem. O organismo a partir de estimulos de curto prazo compensou os efeitos de degradacao do equilibrio provocados pela fatiga. A informacao haptica foi util para o sistema de controle da postura compensar os efeitos de perturbacao causados pela fadiga. / Exploratory activity during haptic anchoring has a positive effect during challenging postural control tasks. In such case, improvement of postural stability has been demonstrated in a variety of groups (i.e., young adults, older adults, children, and disabled participants) and experimental conditions (i.e., different levels of postural task complexity). The issue of this study is to analyze in contexts of postural tasks whether there is a relation between the homeostatic imbalance caused by maximal physical exertion (that affects the postural system by the impact on the autonomic system) and the haptic system (which integrates additional strategy of voluntary control to the postural system). The purpose of our study was to test whether the haptic information provided by the use of the anchor system exhibits immediate effects on attenuation of postural instability levels increased by general fatigue caused by maximal physical exertion. The anchor system incorporates simultaneous exploratory activity to the execution of a challenging postural task. The anchoring context includes the handling of two flexible cables with loads attached at their ends that enable haptic exploration. In this study, two groups were composed, an experimental group with twenty-three physically active young adults and a control group composed of ten young adults. Both groups performed two experimental sessions (with anchor, without anchor) with tasks of postural control. For the experimental group, the two sessions consisted of: a. balance tasks before physical effort, b. exposure to an incremental exercise protocol, and c. balance tasks after the exercise protocol distributed in 4 periods up to 15 minutes. To induce physical exertion, we used a maximum incremental protocol on a treadmill, and two experimental sessions were conducted on different days with a maximum of 14 days between them. The control group performed the same sessions, however the protocol of induction to physical effort was replaced by an equivalent period of rest. The aim of the control group was to verify the presence of a learning effect during the execution of the tasks. The results for the experimental group of variables related to CT displacement in time domain showed that haptic information from the anchor system attenuated postural instability during conditions of postural control tasks where the participant was under effects of fatigue. In all experimental conditions maximal physical exercise on the treadmill increased postural oscillation, as expected. However, when the haptic information was associated with the experimental task, the postural sway was significantly decreased. Although haptic information significantly attenuated the effects of general fatigue on postural sway the rate of recovery of the basal values of the postural sway was, in the anchoring condition, reduced because of its proximity to the typical oscillation values of the task without the fatigue. The results of the control group demonstrated that the tasks used were not enough to promote a learning effect. The organism from short-term stimuli compensated for the effects of balance degradation caused by fatigue. Haptic information was useful for the posture control system to compensate for the disturbance effects caused by fatigue.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pascon_jpe_dr_jabo.pdf: 1019022 bytes, checksum: e615b12cd0597fc04f94b65cd62e8266 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A avaliação da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) possibilita quantificar a participação do sistema nervoso autônomo simpático e parassimpático. Clinicamente, esta relaciona-se com o prognóstico e risco de morte súbita em diversas afecções no homem, mas ainda permanece incerta em importantes enfermidades caninas como a degeneração mixomatosa valvar e obesidade. Dentre as alternativas terapêuticas capazes de modificar o balanço autonômico de forma benéfica, o exercício físico se destaca para o homem, entretanto, ainda pouco pesquisado em cães. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o comportamento da VFC, no domínio do tempo, em cães com endocardiose e obesidade mórbida, assim como os efeitos do treinamento sobre as funções autonômicas e hemodinâmicas de cães saudáveis. Nos cães do presente estudo, a endocardiose valvar e obesidade mórbida não modificaram os índices de VFC, sendo estes semelhantes aos índices observados nos cães hígidos. Em etapa posterior, o teste de esforço progressivo e treinamento físico preconizados foram bem tolerados pelos cães saudáveis. Maior participação autonômica parassimpática foi detectada por índices de VFC (SDANN, rMSSD e SDNN), frequências cardíacas mínima, máxima e sua amplitude, além da mudança percentual dos ritmos apresentados no teste de esforço após o treinamento. Em seu aspecto hemodinâmico observou-se melhor função diastólica (relação E/A mitral), redução dos índices indicadores de pré-carga (IEPFd e diâmetro AE) e pós-carga (IEPFs). / Heart rate variability (HRV) is a tool capable to measure the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system participation. These measurements are clinically related to prognosis and sudden death risk in different human diseases, but it remains unknown in dogs even in important disorder such as myxomatous valvar degeneration and obesity. Physical exercises has a special role on therapy of patients with heart disorders, leading to an autonomic balance improvement, but these effects are not still studied in dogs. This study evaluated time domain HRV in dogs with endocardiosis and obesity, and in parallel, the effects of physical training on hemodynamic and autonomic function in health dogs. Myxomatous mitral valve degenetation, and obese dogs presented similar HRV measures compared to health dogs. In subsequent study, the progressive physical effort test and training program were well tolerated for health dogs. Increased parasympathetic participation was detected by HRV (SDANN, rMSSD and SDNN), minimum, maximum and amplitude heart frequencies, besides the rhythm percentage modifications in the effort test after training. In the hemodynamic evaluation improvement of diastolic function (E/A mitral), decreased preload (IEPFd and diâmetro AE) and afterload (IEPFs) indexes were observed. Concluding, the dogs from this study with an initial phase of endocardiosis (class Ib) or morbid obesity did not present autonomic damages detectable by HRV, and training cold change the autonomic control and hemodynamic function in health dogs, opening a new research perspective to use it in canine cardiac diseases.

A atividade exploratoria em tarefas de ancoragem haptica exerce um efeito positivo em tarefas desafiadoras ao controle postural. A melhora ou reducao da instabilidade postural em tarefas de ancoragem foi comprovada em diversos grupos (i.e., adultos jovens, adultos idosos, criancas, e participantes com deficiencia) e condicoes experimentais (i.e., variados niveis de complexidade de tarefa postural). O problema deste estudo foi analisar em contextos de tarefas posturais se existe uma relacao entre o desequilibrio homeostatico provocado pelo exercicio fisico de esforco maximo (que afeta o sistema postural pelo impacto no sistema autonomo) e o sistema haptico (que integra adicional estrategia de controle voluntario ao sistema postural). O objetivo do nosso estudo foi testar se a informacao haptica proporcionada pelo uso do sistema ancora exibe efeitos imediatos de atenuacao dos niveis de instabilidade postural aumentada pela fadiga geral decorrente do exercicio fisico maximo. O sistema ancora incorpora atividade exploratoria simultanea a execucao de uma tarefa postural desafiadora. O contexto de ancoragem inclui o manejo de dois cabos flexiveis com cargas anexas em suas extremidades que possibilita a exploracao haptica. Neste estudo, dois grupos foram compostos, um grupo experimental com vinte e tres adultos jovens fisicamente ativos e um grupo controle composto de dez adultos jovens. Ambos os grupos realizaram duas sessoes experimentais (com ancora; sem ancora) com tarefas de controle postural. Para o grupo experimental, as duas sessoes consistiram em: a. uma tarefa de equilibrio antes do esforco fisico, b. um protocolo incremental de esforco, e c. tarefas de equilibrio apos o protocolo de esforco realizados em 4 diferentes momentos ate 15 minutos. Para a inducao do esforco fisico, utilizamos um protocolo incremental maximo em esteira ergometrica, e as duas sessoes experimentais foram realizadas em dias diferentes com prazo maximo entre elas de 14 dias. O grupo controle realizou as mesmas sessoes, entretanto o protocolo de inducao ao esforco fisico foi substituido por um periodo equivalente de descanso. O objetivo da existencia do grupo controle foi verificar a presenca de um efeito de aprendizagem durante a execucao das tarefas. Os resultados para o grupo experimental das variaveis relacionados ao deslocamento do CT, no dominio do tempo mostraram que a informacao haptica proveniente do sistema ancora atenuou a instabilidade postural durante condicoes de tarefas de controle postural onde o participante encontrava-se sob os efeitos da fadiga. Em todas as condicoes experimentais, o exercicio fisico maximo na esteira produziu um aumento na oscilacao postural, como esperado. Entretanto, quando a informacao haptica foi associada na tarefa experimental, a oscilacao postural foi significativamente diminuida. Embora a informacao haptica tenha atenuado significativamente os efeitos da fadiga geral sobre os niveis de oscilacao postural, a velocidade de recuperacao dos valores basais da oscilacao postural foi, na condicao de ancoragem, reduzida dada sua proximidade com os valores de oscilacao tipicos da tarefa sem a fadiga. Os resultados do grupo controle demonstraram que as tarefas utilizadas nao foram suficientes para promover um efeito de aprendizagem. O organismo a partir de estimulos de curto prazo compensou os efeitos de degradacao do equilibrio provocados pela fatiga. A informacao haptica foi util para o sistema de controle da postura compensar os efeitos de perturbacao causados pela fadiga. / Exploratory activity during haptic anchoring has a positive effect during challenging postural control tasks. In such case, improvement of postural stability has been demonstrated in a variety of groups (i.e., young adults, older adults, children, and disabled participants) and experimental conditions (i.e., different levels of postural task complexity). The issue of this study is to analyze in contexts of postural tasks whether there is a relation between the homeostatic imbalance caused by maximal physical exertion (that affects the postural system by the impact on the autonomic system) and the haptic system (which integrates additional strategy of voluntary control to the postural system). The purpose of our study was to test whether the haptic information provided by the use of the anchor system exhibits immediate effects on attenuation of postural instability levels increased by general fatigue caused by maximal physical exertion. The anchor system incorporates simultaneous exploratory activity to the execution of a challenging postural task. The anchoring context includes the handling of two flexible cables with loads attached at their ends that enable haptic exploration. In this study, two groups were composed, an experimental group with twenty-three physically active young adults and a control group composed of ten young adults. Both groups performed two experimental sessions (with anchor, without anchor) with tasks of postural control. For the experimental group, the two sessions consisted of: a. balance tasks before physical effort, b. exposure to an incremental exercise protocol, and c. balance tasks after the exercise protocol distributed in 4 periods up to 15 minutes. To induce physical exertion, we used a maximum incremental protocol on a treadmill, and two experimental sessions were conducted on different days with a maximum of 14 days between them. The control group performed the same sessions, however the protocol of induction to physical effort was replaced by an equivalent period of rest. The aim of the control group was to verify the presence of a learning effect during the execution of the tasks. The results for the experimental group of variables related to CT displacement in time domain showed that haptic information from the anchor system attenuated postural instability during conditions of postural control tasks where the participant was under effects of fatigue. In all experimental conditions maximal physical exercise on the treadmill increased postural oscillation, as expected. However, when the haptic information was associated with the experimental task, the postural sway was significantly decreased. Although haptic information significantly attenuated the effects of general fatigue on postural sway the rate of recovery of the basal values of the postural sway was, in the anchoring condition, reduced because of its proximity to the typical oscillation values of the task without the fatigue. The results of the control group demonstrated that the tasks used were not enough to promote a learning effect. The organism from short-term stimuli compensated for the effects of balance degradation caused by fatigue. Haptic information was useful for the posture control system to compensate for the disturbance effects caused by fatigue.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:47:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_accr_me_prud.pdf: 684147 bytes, checksum: a81c4f89900e68d55d13d636f49523a1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A perda de massa muscular secundária à idade e à inatividade física é clinicamente relevante na população cardíaca, contudo a prescrição do exercício resistido dinâmico para esses pacientes apresenta-se inconclusiva na literatura. Objetivo: Reunir informações sobre a especificidade dos componentes do treinamento resistido prescrito à população cardiopata. Metodologia: Foi realizada busca sistemática de literatura, a partir das bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e PubMed, utilizando os seguintes descritores na língua portuguesa: força muscular, exercício isométrico, esforço físico, cardiopatia e coronariopatia, e seus correspondentes na língua inglesa (muscle strength, isometric exercise, physical effort, heart disease e artery coronary disease), os quais foram... / Loss of muscle mass secondary to age and physical inactivity is clinically relevant in cardiac population, however dynamic resistance exercise prescription to these patients presents inconclusive in literature. Objective: Adjoin information about specific components of resistance exercise prescribed to cardiac population. Methodology: Systematic search was performed, using the data bases LILACS, SciELO and PubMed. The descriptors used were: muscle strength, isometric exercise, physical effort, heart disease and artery coronary disease, which were surveyed separately and combined, considering for this review articles that ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Aparecido Antonio Camacho / Banca: Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi / Banca: Aureo Evangelista Santana / Banca: Wagner Luís Ferreira / Banca: Sérgio Eduardo de Andrade Perez / Resumo: A avaliação da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) possibilita quantificar a participação do sistema nervoso autônomo simpático e parassimpático. Clinicamente, esta relaciona-se com o prognóstico e risco de morte súbita em diversas afecções no homem, mas ainda permanece incerta em importantes enfermidades caninas como a degeneração mixomatosa valvar e obesidade. Dentre as alternativas terapêuticas capazes de modificar o balanço autonômico de forma benéfica, o exercício físico se destaca para o homem, entretanto, ainda pouco pesquisado em cães. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o comportamento da VFC, no domínio do tempo, em cães com endocardiose e obesidade mórbida, assim como os efeitos do treinamento sobre as funções autonômicas e hemodinâmicas de cães saudáveis. Nos cães do presente estudo, a endocardiose valvar e obesidade mórbida não modificaram os índices de VFC, sendo estes semelhantes aos índices observados nos cães hígidos. Em etapa posterior, o teste de esforço progressivo e treinamento físico preconizados foram bem tolerados pelos cães saudáveis. Maior participação autonômica parassimpática foi detectada por índices de VFC (SDANN, rMSSD e SDNN), frequências cardíacas mínima, máxima e sua amplitude, além da mudança percentual dos ritmos apresentados no teste de esforço após o treinamento. Em seu aspecto hemodinâmico observou-se melhor função diastólica (relação E/A mitral), redução dos índices indicadores de pré-carga (IEPFd e diâmetro AE) e pós-carga (IEPFs). / Abstract: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a tool capable to measure the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system participation. These measurements are clinically related to prognosis and sudden death risk in different human diseases, but it remains unknown in dogs even in important disorder such as myxomatous valvar degeneration and obesity. Physical exercises has a special role on therapy of patients with heart disorders, leading to an autonomic balance improvement, but these effects are not still studied in dogs. This study evaluated time domain HRV in dogs with endocardiosis and obesity, and in parallel, the effects of physical training on hemodynamic and autonomic function in health dogs. Myxomatous mitral valve degenetation, and obese dogs presented similar HRV measures compared to health dogs. In subsequent study, the progressive physical effort test and training program were well tolerated for health dogs. Increased parasympathetic participation was detected by HRV (SDANN, rMSSD and SDNN), minimum, maximum and amplitude heart frequencies, besides the rhythm percentage modifications in the effort test after training. In the hemodynamic evaluation improvement of diastolic function (E/A mitral), decreased preload (IEPFd and diâmetro AE) and afterload (IEPFs) indexes were observed. Concluding, the dogs from this study with an initial phase of endocardiosis (class Ib) or morbid obesity did not present autonomic damages detectable by HRV, and training cold change the autonomic control and hemodynamic function in health dogs, opening a new research perspective to use it in canine cardiac diseases. / Doutor

Several studies have associated subclinical hypothyroidism with risk factors for atherosclerotic disease, but its correlation with a decreased tolerance to the physical effort has been little studied. In this context, the hormonal replacement with L-thyroxine for the treatment of these patients remains controversial. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of sodium L-thyroxine on the tolerance to the physical effort and the lipidic profile of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Seven female volunteers aged between 40 and 60 years, without clinical signs of hypothyroidism and with TSH > 4.4 mU/dL, total T3 and free T4 in the plasma were selected. The plasmatic lipidic profile was evaluated before and after treatment of all patients. For the evaluation of tolerance to the physical effort, all patients were submitted to a progressive effort test. Levels of blood lactate before and after treatment were analyzed as parameters of effort. There was a significant improvement in tolerance to the lactate and consequently, in tolerance to the effort after treatment with thyroxine. The results demonstrated a significant decrease of LDL-c and triglycerides after the normalization of TSH levels with the hormonal replacement. Significant differences were not observed in the levels of HDL, VLDL and total cholesterol. / Vários estudos associam o hipotireoidismo subclínico a fatores de risco para doença aterosclerótica, mas poucos correlacionam este distúrbio à diminuição da tolerância ao esforço físico. Neste contexto, a reposição hormonal com o emprego da L-tiroxina no tratamento destes pacientes permanece controvertida. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito da Ltiroxina sódica na tolerância ao esforço físico e no perfil lipídico de pacientes com hipotireoidismo subclínico. Foram selecionados sete voluntárias, com idade entre 40 e 60 anos, TSH acima de 4,4mU/dl, T3 total e T4 livre no plasma, sem sinais clínicos de hipotireoidismo. Avaliou-se o perfil lipídico plasmático no pré e pós tratamento de todas as pacientes. Para avaliação da tolerância ao esforço, todas as pacientes foram submetidas a um teste de esforço progressivo. Como parâmetro de esforço foram analisados os níveis de lactato sangüíneo no pré e no pós tratamento. Houve melhora significativa na tolerância ao lactato e consequentemente, na tolerância ao esforço após tratamento com tiroxina. Os resultados demonstraram diminuição significativa do LDL-c e dos triglicérides após normalização dos níveis de TSH com a reposição hormonal. Não foi observada diferença significativa nos níveis de HDL, VLDL e colesterol total. / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde

Orientador: Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei / Banca: Carlos Marcelo Pastre / Banca: Francis da Silva Lopes / Resumo: A perda de massa muscular secundária à idade e à inatividade física é clinicamente relevante na população cardíaca, contudo a prescrição do exercício resistido dinâmico para esses pacientes apresenta-se inconclusiva na literatura. Objetivo: Reunir informações sobre a especificidade dos componentes do treinamento resistido prescrito à população cardiopata. Metodologia: Foi realizada busca sistemática de literatura, a partir das bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e PubMed, utilizando os seguintes descritores na língua portuguesa: força muscular, exercício isométrico, esforço físico, cardiopatia e coronariopatia, e seus correspondentes na língua inglesa (muscle strength, isometric exercise, physical effort, heart disease e artery coronary disease), os quais foram ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Loss of muscle mass secondary to age and physical inactivity is clinically relevant in cardiac population, however dynamic resistance exercise prescription to these patients presents inconclusive in literature. Objective: Adjoin information about specific components of resistance exercise prescribed to cardiac population. Methodology: Systematic search was performed, using the data bases LILACS, SciELO and PubMed. The descriptors used were: muscle strength, isometric exercise, physical effort, heart disease and artery coronary disease, which were surveyed separately and combined, considering for this review articles that ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Title: Diabetes mellitus in Equistrian Sport in Czech Republic Objectives: The aim of the literature review part of the thesis was to give an introduction to the issue of diabetes mellitus as well as the effect of sport on the decompensation of the disease, to search for available sources on a narrowly focused topic - the impact of horse riding on diabetes mellitus, and to process the findings in a clear form into the first (literature review) part of the work. The goal of the second (research) part was to map, with the use of questionnaires and interviews, the situation of diabetes patients in the Czech Republic who do equestrian sport actively. In the case study their subjective feelings were reviewed. The main aim was to prove the positive impact of horse riding on diabetes mellitus, or more precisely to find out if it is stress or physical exertion that has a greater effect on the blood glucose (BG) level. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the issue of public awareness of disease management as well as first aid. Methods: The first part of the thesis was carried out in the form of a literature review, for which research articles and other literature sources were found primarily on electronic information portals (mainly Web of Science, etc.) For the second (research) part a questionnaire (on the...

L’être humain est un être social amené à comprendre les comportements moteurs d’autrui. Selon la littérature, nous disposons de mécanismes cognitifs spécifiques, d’une part à la perception d’un corps humain (qu’il soit statique ou en mouvement), et d’autre part à la perception des expressions faciales émotionnelles. Ce travail de thèse vise à comprendre dans quelle mesure l'émotion véhiculée par le visage d'une personne, peut moduler notre perception de son action motrice. Les résultats de l’étude 1 ont montré que l’estimation de l’équilibre statique d’autrui pouvait être modulée par l’expression faciale émotionnelle (de sourire ou de crispation) exprimée par celui-ci. L’étude 2, a porté sur l’estimation de l’effort physique développé par une personne uniquement à partir de son expression faciale de douleur. Les résultats ont montré que les participants, dans ce type de tâche, utilisent deux mécanismes perceptifs automatiques. Le premier, mis en évidence par mesure fonctionnelle, facilite l’estimation de l’intensité de douleur à l’effort ressentie par autrui. Le second, démontré par la mesure d’un biais de mémorisation, entraîne une anticipation automatique de la suite de l’évolution de l’expression faciale de douleur à l’effort présentée. L’étude 3 a montré que l’estimation de l’effort physique développé par une personne atteinte de paraplégie réalisant un mouvement de transfert, est modulée par deux comportements de douleur (l’auto-protection et l’expression faciale de douleur). Toutefois, cette modulation diffère selon la familiarité des participants avec le monde médical et la paraplégie. En conclusion, ce travail de recherche propose que la modulation émotionnelle de la perception de l’action motrice d’autrui est en premier lieu sous-tendue par un processus automatique et implicite de contagion émotionnelle (bottom-up). Toutefois, cette dernière peut être inhibée par un processus explicite (top-down) qui dépendrait d’une part du type d’inférence à effectuer sur autrui (estimer l’équilibre postural ou l’effort physique développé), et d’autre part de la familiarité de l’observateur avec l’action motrice et les expressions faciales présentées. / Understanding others’ motor behaviour is part and parcel of Humans’ social experience. According to scientific literature, we rely on specific mechanisms for perceiving human bodies (whether static or moving) on the one hand, and processing emotional facial expressions on the other hand. This thesis aims to understand to what extent the emotion conveyed by a person’s face can modulate one’s perception of her/his motor action. Results of study 1 showed that our estimation of an individual’s static equilibrium is modulated by the observed individual’s emotional facial expression (smiling or tensed). Study 2 focused on perceptual estimation of the physical effort developed by a person on the basis of his facial expression of pain alone. Results revealed that participants adopt two automatic perceptual mechanisms. The first, highlighted via functional measurement, facilitates estimating the intensity of effort pain felt by others. The second, evidenced by measuring memory bias, leads to an automatic anticipation of the subsequent changes in the intensity of pain-related facial expressions. Study 3 showed that the estimation of physical effort developed by a paraplegic individual performing a transfer movement is modulated by two pain behaviours (guarding and facial expression of pain). Interestingly, this modulation varies with participants’ familiarity with both the medical domain and paraplegia. The conclusion of this research suggests that the modulation of emotional perception related to others’ motor action is primarily subtended by an automatic (bottom-up) process and an implicit emotional contagion. However, the latter can be inhibited by an explicit (top-down) process which may depend on (1) the type of inference made on others (estimating postural balance or physical effort developed in others), and (2) the familiarity of the observer with motor action and facial expressions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandoPB.pdf: 4835339 bytes, checksum: 31251ef256da75068c94b80cfee05d1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-03 / The relation between metabolic demand and maximal oxygen consumption during exercise have been investigated in different areas of knowledge. In the health field, the determination of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is considered a method to classify the level of physical fitness or the risk of cardiocirculatory diseases. The accuracy to obtain data provides a better evaluation of functional responses and allows a reduction in the error margin at the moment of risk classification, as well as, at the moment of determination of aerobic exercise work load. In Brasil, the use of respirometry associated to ergometric test became an opition in the cardiorespiratory evaluation. This equipment allows predictions concerning the oxyredutase process, making it possible to identify physiological responses to physical effort as the respiratory threshold. This thesis focused in the development of mathematical models developed by multiple regression validated by the stepwise method, aiming to predict the VO2max based on respiratory responses to physical effort. The sample was composed of a ramdom sample of 181 healthy individuals, men and women, that were randomized to two groups: regression group and cross validation group (GV). The voluntiars were submitted to a incremental treadmill test; objetiving to determinate of the second respiratory threshold (LVII) and the Peak VO2max. Using the m?todo forward addition method 11 models of VO2max prediction in trendmill were developded. No significative differences were found between the VO2max meansured and the predicted by models when they were compared using ANOVA One-Way and the Post Hoc test of Turkey. We concluded that the developed mathematical models allow a prediction of the VO2max of healthy young individuals based on the LVII / A rela??o entre a demanda metab?lica e o consumo de oxig?nio durante a pr?tica de exerc?cios f?sicos ? alvo de investiga??o em distintas ?reas do conhecimento. No campo da sa?de, a determina??o do consumo m?ximo de oxig?nio (VO2m?x) ? considerada um m?todo para classificar o n?vel de aptid?o f?sica ou risco de doen?as cardiocirculat?rias. A obten??o de dados de forma acurada possibilita uma melhor avalia??o das respostas funcionais, o que permite reduzir a margem de erros tanto no momento da classifica??o dos riscos, como tamb?m no momento da determina??o das cargas de treinamento aer?bico. No Brasil a utiliza??o da ventilometria conjugado ao teste de ergom?trico passou a ser uma op??o na avalia??o cardiorrespirat?ria. O emprego deste equipamento possibilita inferir sobre o processo de oxidorredutase, permitindo identificar respostas fisiol?gicas ao esfor?o como o limiar ventilat?rio. A presente tese centrou-se no desenvolvimento de modelos matem?ticos desenvolvidos por meio de regress?o m?ltipla com valida??o pelo m?todo stepwise com o objetivo de predi??o do VO2m?x tomando como base, as respostas ventilat?rias ao esfor?o. Para tanto, o estudo contou com uma amostra aleat?ria de 181 indiv?duos saud?veis, de ambos os sexos, que foram randomizados em dois grupos: grupo de regress?o e o grupo de valida??o cruzada (GV). Os volunt?rios foram submetidos a teste cardiopulmonar em esteira rolante em protocolo incremental; onde se visou a determina??o do limiar ventilat?rio II (LVII) e o VO2m?x de pico. Atrav?s da aplica??o do m?todo adi??o forward foram desenvolvidos 11 modelos de predi??o do VO2m?x em esteira rolante. N?o foram encontradas diferen?as significativa entre o VO2m?x mensurado com os preditos pelos modelos quando comparados pelo teste t pareado. Os resultados possibilitam-nos concluir que os modelos matem?ticos desenvolvidos permitem estimar o VO2m?x de indiv?duos jovens e h?gidos, tendo como ponto de refer?ncia o LVII