Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:23:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nagata_l_dr_rcla.pdf: 5726096 bytes, checksum: d7265941123f7823902e788a742e6d49 (MD5) / Sob o título: “Proposta Metodológica para Ocupação Urbana em Áreas de Mananciais Hídricos – O Caso de uma Área da Bacia Hidrográfica do Guarapiranga”, este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para, através de estudos e análises do meio físico, obter a melhor forma de ocupação urbana de uma área de preservação aos mananciais. A área de estudo se localiza no Município de Embu-Guaçu e foi selecionada porque ainda possui um território preservado ambientalmente, está inserido 100 % em área de proteção aos mananciais e seu território se insere integralmente na Bacia Hidrográfica do Guarapiranga. Os trabalhos foram desenvolvidos abrangendo revisões bibliográficas que objetivou fundamentalmente os aspectos do meio físico e suas relações com a utilização do espaço para fins urbanos, a caracterização física de uma Bacia Hidrográfica utilizada como manancial hídrico, os fatores físicos do planejamento para implantação de área urbana, a delimitação de uma área de estudo e a sua contextualização nas realidades metropolitana e da bacia hidrográfica, materiais e métodos, aplicação dos conceitos de preservação dos mananciais e de planejamento urbano na área de estudo / Under the heading Methodological Proposal for Urban Growth in Areas of Water Source - The Case of the River basin area of the Reservoir, this paper presents a methodology through research and analysis of physical, get the best of urban occupation in a conservation area on the springs. The study area is located in the municipality of Embu-reservoir and was selected because it still has an environmentally preserved area is housed in 100% field of protection of springs and its territory falls wholly within the basin of the reservoir. The project was developed covering literature review that aimed mainly aspects of the physical environment and its relationship to the use of space for urban, physical characterization of a basin used as water sources, the physical factors of planning for the implementation of the urban area, the delimitation of a study area and their metropolitan context on the realities and the river basin materials and methods, applying the concepts of conservation of water sources and urban planning in the study area

The Million Programme was a reform program that arose as a result of the housing shortage of that time, but also the deficient housing standard in Sweden. The reform aimed to have one million homes built during the ensuing decade, while at the same time reforming the existing housing standard. In connection with the construction of these dwellings, criticism and a bad reputation began to arise about these residential areas. More recently, these homes have become associated with geographical segregation and social exclusion in society. The social sustainability aspects have many times ended up in the cloud and have not been as important. The purpose is to find remedial solutions in a residential area that is characterized by social exclusion and geographical segregation in society. The methods implemented in the study are literature studies, interviews, document analysis and observations. Since social sustainability is difficult to measure and difficult to define, a qualitative and a quantitative approach has been applied in order to obtain a holistic perspective on the problem area and further answer the issues. In the present study, the impact of an inadequate physical urban planning on segregation in a Million Programme area was analysed. The study also analysed the physical urban planning in a newly built residential area as a starting point. It turned out that the physical urban planning in the Million Programme area created good conditions for social interaction and activity that were less good in the newly built residential area. The obvious shortcomings in the Million Programme area were mainly the monotonous concrete housing which lacked a variety of forms of housing and types of houses. This led to a socio-economic and demographic segregation. The conclusion that could be drawn in the study was, by only paying attention to the physical factors in a residential area is a narrow way to evaluate the social sustainability of a city, and not least a residential area. A decent city must create conditions for activity, interaction, outdoor life, promoted health and quality of life, etc. Achieving social sustainability requires a balance of these factors. Attractive housing with a variety of forms of lease and housing types is also important. Finally, it is important to involve the resident’s views on the issue of physical urban development. A major limitation of the study was the analysis of physical urban planning with regard to social sustainability. This is in connection with previous occurrence of a considerable number of theories regarding social sustainability and a wide variety of interpretations and specifications of the area. This entailed an enormous amount of pilot studying on the subject which was time consuming. Furthermore, a limiting factor was the lack of involvement of key people working on these issues. / Miljonprogrammet var ett reformprogram som uppkom till följd av den dåvarande bostadsbristen men likaså den påtagligt bristande bostadsstandarden i Sverige. Reformen syftade till att under det påföljande decenniet låta uppföra en miljon bostäder och samtidigt reformera den dåvarande bostadsstandarden. I samband med uppförandet av dessa bostäder har det alltsedan uppkommit kritik och ett illa anseende om dessa bostadsområden. På senare tid har dessa bostäder övergått till att förknippas med geografisk segregation och socialt utanförskap i samhället. De sociala hållbarhetaspekterna har många gånger hamnat i skymundan och inte haft lika stor bemärkelse. Syftet är att påträffa åtgärdande lösningar i ett bostadsområde som präglas av socialt utanförskap och geografisk segregation i samhället. De metoder som implementerats i följande studie är litteraturstudier, intervjuer, dokumentanalys samt observationer. Eftersom social hållbarhet är svårmätbart och svårdefinierat har ett kvalitativt men likaså ett kvantitativt angreppsätt valt att utföras i syfte att erhålla ett helhetsperspektiv över problemområdet och vidare besvara studiens föreliggande frågeställningar. I innevarande studie analyserades den bristfälliga fysiska stadsplaneringens påverkan på segregation i ett miljonprogramsområde. I studien analyserades även den fysiska stadsplaneringen i ett nybyggt bostadsområde som ett utgångsläge. Det visade sig att den fysiska stadsplaneringen i miljonprogramsområdet skapade goda förutsättningar för sociala interaktion och aktivitet som var mindre bra i det nybyggda bostadsområdet. De påtagliga brister i miljonprogramsområdet var huvudsakligen de monotona betongbostäderna som saknade mångfald av upplåtelseformer och hustyper. Detta medförde till en socioekonomisk- och demografisk segregation. Den slutsats som kunde dras i innevarande studie var att enbart beaktan på de fysiska faktorerna i ett bostadsområde är ett trångsynt sätt att värdera den sociala hållbarheten i en stadsdel, och inte minst ett bostadsområde. En god stad måste skapa förutsättningar för aktivitet, interaktion, friluftsliv, främjad hälsa och livskvalité, etc. vilket innefattar de icke-fysiska faktorerna i stadsplanering. För åstadkommandet av social hållbarhet krävs en balans mellan dessa faktorer. Det är även viktigt med attraktiva bostäder med mångfald av upplåtelseformer och hustyper. Avslutningsvis är det av vikt att involvera de boendes synpunkter i frågan om fysisk stadsutveckling. En stor begränsning i studien var analyserandet av den fysiska stadsplaneringen med avseende på social hållbarhet. Detta i samband med förekomsten av en ansenlig mängd teorier beträffande social hållbarhet och stor mängd olika tolkningar och konkretiseringar av området. Detta medförde en stor mängd förstudie om ämnet vilket var oerhört tidskrävande. Ytterligare en begränsning är involverandet av nyckelpersoner i studien som arbetar med dessa frågor.

Stem cells are crucial players during development, homeostasis and tissue regeneration and their interactions with the surrounding microenvironment are key to regulate stem cell fate. The skull's stem cell niches reside in the fibrous joints that connect flat bones of the skull. In the embryo, bone and sutures develop in concert to form a complex, multi-facted structure that requires interaction with multiple differentiating cell types to maintain balance between growth and differentiation. Disruption of this balance drives changes in size and shape of skull bones and can severely impact quality of life. Cranial sutures, often seen as simple extracellular matrix-rich structures bridging the rigid plates of the skull, are major actors in craniofacial morphogenesis of as they harmonize bone growth with expansion of the developing brain and participate in providing osteoblasts during repair. The complexity of the extracellular environment and the important role for sutures in skeletal development makes these niches a compelling structure to investigate how interactions with the surrounding microenvironment can modulate stem cells fate. The key role of sutures in development is highlighted by the numerous severe dysmorphisms arising from failure to maintain suture patency. The ability of the suture to respond to brain growth or trauma and the dysmophisms presented by patients with defective sutures is mediated by both biochemical and mechanical cues but the cell biology of these niches remains elusive, especially during their development. In particular, few studies have shed light on the underlying cellular behaviors behind microenvironmental regulation of cranial suture stem cell fate and what role mechanical inputs play in the establishment of this niche. In my thesis, I addressed gaps in our understanding of suture biology by characterizing the suture stem cell niche microenvironment and exploring how cell-ECM interactions serve as regulators of suture stem cell fate. Making use of various microscopy and analytical techniques I first characterized the composition of the microenvironment in a developing suture niche, such as organization of ECM, cytoskeleton and nuclear morphologies. My work builds on an incomplete transcriptional understanding of suture cell development, such that specific genetic markers are rarely useful for identifying distinct suture cell populations during its morphogenesis. By applying shape description tools to parse suture cells and test whether shape correlates to cell identity, we concluded that suture nuclei are distinct and less spherical than those of other cranial tissues. Using 'global' markers such as nuclear stains, I have also identified physical distinctions between suture nuclei and neighboring tissues, indicating that cell shape is an integral part of midline suture identity and can be used to explore coordination of fate choice and morphogenesis in this enigmatic structure. In addition, I present evidence that supports that maturation of extracellular matrix begins during early stages of suture development. In particular, embryonic midline sutures express high levels of fibrillary collagen, which contributes to the formation of a complex extracellular environment that provides the suture with physical properties distinct from those of developing bones. My work shows the presence of cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesions in the developing midline sutures, as well as a complex actin cytoskeleton that is, in part, mediated by physical stresses resultant from underlying brain expansion. Secondly, I aimed to address how perturbations in ECM composition can affect cell specification. To investigate the importance of ECM maturation in regulating suture cell fate I inhibited the function of lysyl oxidase, a collagen crosslinker, during embryonic development. Disruption of collagen crosslinking altered expression of collagen and ECM receptor encoding genes. In addition, this inhibition induced changes in the shape and size of collagen fibers in the embryonic midline suture and decreased tissue bulk stiffness relative to WT. These abnormal properties of the ECM impact tissue delineation in the cranial mesenchyme through nuclear shape analyses. This might be explained by observed changes in the composition of the nuclear envelop of suture cells as we find altered lamin concentration and localization upon lysyl oxidase inhibition. The work developed during myPhD steps away from the traditional genetic approaches used to study the embryonic suture and provides the first in-depth analysis of the physical properties of the developing midline suture at stages preceding known establishment of the niche. The various methods and analyses applied reveal a complex organization of embryonic suture ECM and its tight relationship with shape and fate in this tissue. This work serves as a foundation for future studies that can explore the mechanisms through which ECM regulates fate and development of the suture niche, and potentially skeletal development more generally.

This research is concerned with an investigation into the factors relating to the reading habits of Indian secondary school pupils in the Phoenix area. It is important to acknowledge that among our youth there are both avid and reluctant readers during and after the period of formal education. It is the group of reluctant readers that has to be lured by the magic of reading. There is a remarkable variation in the reading habits of pupils from the same school. A self-designed questionnaire was administered to 544 boys and girls from standards 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The descriptive data available were then analysed and interpreted. The study revealed that the amount of time spent on reading and the number of books read (which together determined reading habits) by pupils was influenced by such factors as home, school, social environment, socioeconomic status, the influence of other media and the personal aspect / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Thesis (M Sport Sc (Sport Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / The ability to execute a powerful throw is an essential skill for netball and cricket players. Numerous accurate, powerful throws are being made during the course of a match. It is thus necessary to focus on the development of excellent technique, as well as the development of the physical aspects that might contribute to the effectiveness and efficiency of the throwing action. The aim of the study was to determine which specific physical factors play a significant role in the distance that netball and cricket players can throw a ball. The distance of the thrown ball was also seen as an indirect measure of the power with which the throw was executed, with a greater distance implying more power. A group of volunteer subjects was drawn from the local netball and cricket clubs from the Stellenbosch area. Thirty nine injury-free, club level subjects participated in the study, of whom twelve (n=12) were male and twenty four (n=24) were female. Various physical factors were selected that give an indication of its contribution to a powerful throw for distance. Range of motion assessments involved the range of the shoulder joint, as well as the elbow joint, wrist joint and the back. The strength of the internal rotators was compared to the strength of the external rotators in the shoulder joint. Core stability was assessed by doing two different tests, with one involving shoulder stability as well. The relationship between upper-limb length and the throwing distance was assessed. Various anthropometric measurements were done, including height, weight, skinfolds, and the “wing span”. Throwing for distance was measured while the subjects remained seated on a chair. This throwing position was chosen in an attempt to eliminate the contribution of the kinetic chain that generates momentum in the lower extremities which get transferred to the upper extremities. It was thus an attempt to only focus on the involvement of the upper extremities. This seated throwing position is also often used as a test for throwing ability in athletes. Throwing for distance was also done with the subject strapped onto the chair to exclude the involvement of the core in the transfer or generation of energy. Results from this study showed that there were very few physical factors that had significant correlations in both groups. In the cricket players, factors from the isokinetic testing played a significant roll, but not in the netball players. There was a significant correlation which was positive with the average peak torque concentric/concentric 180 degrees/second with external rotation seated on the chair (r=0.46; p=0.03). There is also a tendency towards a significant correlation when the subject was seated in average peak torque concentric/concentric at 90 degrees/second both with internal (r=0.52; p=0.06) and external rotation (r=0.62; p=0.05). The peak torque concentric/concentric at 90 degrees/second during external rotation (r=0.61; p=0.06) and the peak torque concentric/concentric at 90 degrees/second during internal rotation (r=0.49; p=0.06). Both tended to a correlation but were not significant. There was found to be a few positive and statistical significant factors the average power concentric/concentric contractions at 90 degrees/second during external rotation when seated on the chair (r=0.64 and p=0.03) and average power concentric/concentric contractions at 180 degrees/second during external rotation when seated on chair (r=0.58; p=0.04) as well as strapped in on chair (r=0.06; p=0.03). It cannot be concluded there are any specific physical factors that would influence the distance thrown in both the netball and the cricket players. It can thus be assumed that a number of other factors might play a more important role in the execution of a powerful throw for distance, such as the involvement of the total well-coordinated kinetic chain, and the throwing techniques.

This research is concerned with an investigation into the factors relating to the reading habits of Indian secondary school pupils in the Phoenix area. It is important to acknowledge that among our youth there are both avid and reluctant readers during and after the period of formal education. It is the group of reluctant readers that has to be lured by the magic of reading. There is a remarkable variation in the reading habits of pupils from the same school. A self-designed questionnaire was administered to 544 boys and girls from standards 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The descriptive data available were then analysed and interpreted. The study revealed that the amount of time spent on reading and the number of books read (which together determined reading habits) by pupils was influenced by such factors as home, school, social environment, socioeconomic status, the influence of other media and the personal aspect / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:52:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Adriana Teramoto - jun 2008.pdf: 639621 bytes, checksum: d685eaea0d14c7d01949f720f3b0e3fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-27 / Corynespora cassiicola is the causal agent of target spot of several crops of economical importance such as soybean, cotton, tomato, cucumber etc. Sixteen isolates of this fungus from several hosts and different regions in Brazil were obtained and conducted morphologic, physiologic, isozymic characterization as well as control, in laboratory and in greenhouse of the Center of Research in Phytopathology of Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos, da Universidade Federal de Goiás , located in Goiânia, State of Goiás. The main objectives of this investigation were to characterize: a) morphology: by determination of dimensions and number of pseudosepta in one hundred spores of each isolate; b) physiology: by evaluating mycelial growth under different temperatures (15oC, 20oC, 25oC, 30oC and 35oC) and photoperiods (0, 12 and 24 hours); sporulation in different photoperiods; hours of continuous humidity to improve spores germination; the pathogenicity of several isolates of C. cassiicola by inoculation on several hosts (cucumber, soybean, cotton, coffee, Barbados cherry, tomato and melon) and the preservation of 10 isolates using three methods: Castellani, mineral oil and periodic transfer; c) isozyme analysis: with polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis of esterase of 14 isolates; and d) control: by reactions of nine cucumber hybrids to C. cassiicola; and the sensibility of six isolates of C. cassiicola to eight fungicides in vitro (captan, chlorotalonil, mancozeb, azoxystrobin, difeconazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole and thiophanatemethyl) using concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 100 e 1000 μg mL-1; fungicide treatment of cucumber plants inoculated with C. cassiicola. The following results were obtained: a) the dimensions (length and width) of spores were in accord with the key for the identification of pathogen; b) the best temperature for mycelial growth in potato-dextrose-agar medium (PDA) was 25oC; eight isolates exhibited response to the photoperiods used whereas six were sensitive to photoperiod; the majority of isolates sporulated more under 24 hours of light; eight hours of continuous humidity was enough to germinate the majority of spores of the isolates; the pathogenicity of isolates was observed and some hosts were more specifics to their isolate of origin, such as tomato plant, and others such as melon and cotton plants were less specifics; and the mycelial growth of the great part of isolates were not affected by the preservation method; sporulation showed great variation among the methods and all preservation methods conserved the pathogenicity of the isolates; c) the eletrophoresis analysis of sterase isozyme showed variation in number of the bands and positions in the gel which indicated differences among isolates, these were divided in two different groups of similarity, probably indicating the existence of races among them; d) the less susceptible hybrids were Taisho, Nikkey, Yoshinari and Safira; the difenoconazole fungicide resulted in better porcentage of pathogen inhibition in vitro and carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl presented the worst results, and this last one can not be able to inhibite the mycelial fungi growth and before seven and fourteen days of artificial inoculation of pathogen and application of fungicides, only azoxystrobin was efficient to control the disease. / Corynespora cassiicola é o agente causal da mancha alvo em diversas culturas de importância econômica, como soja, algodão, tomate, pepino, entre outras. Dezesseis isolados desse patógeno provenientes de diversos hospedeiros e de diferentes regiões brasileiras foram obtidos e utilizados em estudos morfológicos; fisiológicos; isoenzimáticos e de controle, em laboratório e em estufas no Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fitopatologia da Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Goiás, localizada em Goiânia, GO. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram realizar a caracterização: a) morfológica: através de determinação das dimensões e número de pseudoseptos de 100 esporos de cada isolado; b) fisiológica: avaliando o crescimento micelial do patógeno em diferentes temperaturas (15oC, 20oC, 25oC, 30oC e 35oC) e regimes de luz (24 horas escuro, 12 horas luz/12 horas escuro e 24 horas luz); a esporulação em diferentes regimes de luz; a quantidade de horas de umidade contínua para uma maior germinação dos esporos; a patogenicidade dos diversos isolados de C. cassiicola quando inoculados em diversos hospedeiros (pepineiro, soja, algodoeiro, cafeeiro, aceroleira, tomateiro e meloeiro) e a preservação de dez isolados através de três métodos: Castellani, óleo mineral e repicagens periódicas; c) isoenzimática: pela análise eletroforética da isoenzima esterase em gel de poliacrilamida de catorze isolados; e d) controle: reação de nove híbridos de pepino desafiados por C. cassiicola; sensibilidade in vitro de seis isolados de C. cassiicola a oito fungicidas (captan, clorotalonil, mancozeb, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, carbendazin, tebuconazole e tiofanato metílico) utilizados nas concentrações de 0, 1, 10, 100 e 1.000 μg mL-1 de ingrediente ativo (i.a.) e o tratamento químico preventivo e curativo com os mesmos fungicidas testados in vitro, em plantas de pepino, inoculadas com C. cassiicola. Os resultados obtidos foram os seguintes: a) as dimensões (largura e diâmetro) dos esporos obtidas coincidiram com as da chave classificatória do patógeno; b) após aproximadamente 10 dias de cultivo em meio batatadextrose- ágar (BDA), a maioria dos isolados cresceu mais a 25oC; oito isolados foram indiferentes aos regimes de luz utilizados, sendo os outros seis influenciados pelo regime de luz; a maioria dos isolados esporularam mais sob luz contínua; oito horas de umidade contínua foram suficientes para que a maioria dos esporos dos diferentes isolados germinasse in vitro; quanto à patogenicidade dos isolados, foi observado que alguns hospedeiros foram mais específicos quanto ao seu isolado de origem, como no caso do tomateiro, e outros menos específicos, sendo suscetíveis a todos os isolados independente do hospedeiro que os originou, por exemplo, o meloeiro e o algodoeiro; o crescimento micelial da maioria dos isolados não foi afetado pelo método de preservação, porém a esporulação teve grande variação, sendo que cada método proporcionou maior esporulação para determinado isolado e todos os métodos propiciaram a preservação da patogenicidade dos isolados estudados; c) a análise eletroforética da isoenzima esterase mostrou variação no número e posição das bandas no gel, o que indicou diferenças no comportamento dos isolados, sendo estes divididos em dois grupos distintos de similaridade, indicando potencial existência de raças entre eles; e d) os híbridos de pepino menos suscetíveis ao patógeno foram Taisho, Nikkey, Yoshinari e Safira; o fungicida difenoconazole proporcionou as maiores porcentagens de inibição do patógeno in vitro, atingindo inibição total; já carbendazim e tiofanato metílico foram os piores, sendo este último incapaz de inibir o crescimento micelial do fungo; aos sete e aos catorze dias após a inoculação do patógeno em plantas de pepino e, após a aplicação dos fungicidas, o azoxystrobin foi o mais eficiente no controle da doença.