Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Tourism and Hospitality Management in the Faculty of Business at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2013 / This thesis is concerned with the service delivery received by pilgrims based in South Africa, especially with regards to services and amenities that were paid for and promised in the contract, but which may not have materialized. The focus on Hajj travelling can be viewed as an aspect of religious tourism (so to speak). Currently there is a dearth of research on this particular spiritual journey in South Africa. For this reason, this research aims to elucidate the service delivery components, processes and challenges. The researcher finds it necessary to research this topic because pilgrimage constitutes part of religious tourism and the policies governing the Hajj industry, as well as the operational aspects of the Hajj industry are unclear. Problems such as poor service standards, lack of business ethics and malpractice exist in the Hajj industry. The main challenges in the South African Hajj industry are: a) Lack of mainstream travel and tourism practices in the South African Hajj industry. b) Absence of a service and quality driven industry. c) Difficulty in acquisition of travel documentation for pilgrims. d) Lack of business ethics and malpractice by service providers. e) Limitations on travel through the newly introduced quota system by the Hajj Ministry of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In 1994 the South African Government formed the South African Hajj and Umrah Council, (SAHUC) and is a nationally based constituted organisation. This organisation is officially recognised by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as the official structure responsible and accountable for facilitating the affairs of the South African pilgrims within South Africa and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (SAHUC, 2005). The researcher intends on addressing the above-mentioned challenges through developing a service delivery framework that will help alleviate the problems in the industry between South African Hajj role players. The framework is aimed at identifying current gaps between supply and demand in the Hajj industry as well as providing recommendations for the future.

The present dissertation has as object of study the pilgrimage to the Shrine of the Divina Pastora, which happens in the city with name similar to the Saint, located in the state of Sergipe. Had as goal analyze, through ethnographic study, the ritualistic and symbolic dimensions of this religious event, observing it as a ritual process, highlighting certain aspects of the system of representations, beliefs, values and ideas expressed not only through words but mainly through ritual actions performed by pilgrims. During the fieldwork, the achievement of direct observation and interviews allowed to reach an insertion densest at the practices and representations experienced by pilgrims. Thus, was possible to understand the motivations that prompted the devotees to leave in walk to meet their patron saint and the meanings attributed to their devotional act. For analysis of the rituals was used as reference the studies of Victor Turner. / A presente dissertação tem por objeto de estudo a peregrinação ao Santuário de Divina Pastora, que acontece no município de nome homólogo ao da Santa, localizado no Estado de Sergipe. Teve como objetivo analisar, por meio de estudo etnográfico, as dimensões simbólicas e ritualísticas do referido evento religioso, observando-o como um processo ritual, destacando certos aspectos do sistema de representações, crenças, valores e ideias expressos não somente através de discursos, mas, principalmente, através de ações rituais realizadas pelos peregrinos. No trabalho de campo a realização de observação direta e entrevistas permitiram alcançar uma inserção mais densa nas práticas e representações vivenciadas pelos peregrinos. Assim, foi possível compreender as motivações que instigaram os devotos a partir em caminhada ao encontro de seu santo protetor e os sentidos atribuídos ao seu ato devocional. Para análise dos rituais tomou-se como referência os estudos de Victor Turner.

Journeying to sacred places is an ancient yet contemporarily popular tradition in the Hindu society of India. At the outset of this thesis, the philosophical foundations and general patterns of pilgrimage practice in West Bengal, India, where fieldwork was conducted, are discussed. Case studies of three West Bengali pilgrimage centres — Tarakeswar, Navadvip and Tarapith, which are Śaiva, Vaiṣṇava and Śākta sacred places, respectively — reveal the considerable diversity in the regional pilgrimage tradition. In analysing each of these centres, ethnographic data on the social and economic organisation of specialised religious places, roles of sacred specialists, beliefs regarding the deities, patterns of ritual, and social characteristics and behaviour of pilgrims are presented. The literature on pilgrimage is reviewed in search of theoretical tools for the task of generalising about pilgrimage, inclusive of the evident diversity. Analysis and criticism of existing theories indicates that analysts have focused on limited aspects of pilgrimage practice which conform to disciplinary boundaries rather than seeking the patterned consistencies which define the full institution. Comparison of the three case studies reveals that the variation in religious patterns in the centres relates to wider traditions of religious culture in Bengal: the several strands of pilgrimage tradition generally replicate the sub-traditions of Bengali Hinduism and patterns of belief and practice in any sacred place are closely associated with the religious tradition of the regional cult which dominates that centre. It is possible, however, to identify two levels at which the diversity of the pilgrimage institution is founded in systematic conceptual unity. Both levels concern the meaning of pilgrimage within prevalent patterns of Bengali Hinduism. The explicit meaning of pilgrimage in the conscious thought of participants emphasises the journey to the deity's terrestrial abode in search of interaction with the divine. Implicit within this patterned behaviour are important Hindu metaphysical concepts — the implicit ideology of pilgrimage — which invest pilgrimage with meaning derived from abstract Hindu religious thought.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:47:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Celia Coelho Gomes da Silva Serra de Oliveira.pdf: 601888 bytes, checksum: 054c21fd701311ffc279b23ed77625ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-08 / The research studies the object of pilgrimages in Brazil, emphasizing the pilgrimages of Aparecida, Juazeiro and Bom Jesus da Lapa, a space for interaction between tradition and modernity. This is a literature search, in which, from investigations of other authors who have dealt with the pilgrimage, we analyze how the pilgrims fall in relation to pilgrimages and, more particularly, as they understand and position themselves in relation to typical aspects of modernity, the centrality of the individual, and other typical aspects of tradition, as the search for community. The tradition here is characterized by the search for community by the pilgrims, while modernity is characterized by the pursuit of centrality of the individual as subject. The quest for community is verified by the intense presence in the pilgrimage, from different times and different ways of sharing and being together that this phenomenon provides. Since the centrality of the individual as subject is evidenced by the practices of sacrifice and pay promises that there can be seen, which shows an individual manager needs and their relationship with the sacred. Initially our hypothesis was that pilgrims who attended the festivals constantly through this religious practice, to see and accept it as an area of (re) invention, a space for interaction between tradition and modernity where their identities can be (re) built. During the analysis, we concluded that it was confirmed as modernity presents itself to people as a way of life centered on the individual. Thus, the challenge posed to these individuals is the desire not to lose the gains brought by modernity and centrality in the individualization, as the possibility of seeing themselves as subjects. But they also do not want to lose the security aspects of those components of their identity known. Hence, we affirm that the pilgrimages are a space for interaction between tradition and modernity. It is perceived that there is a contrast in the redefinition of the role and profile of the / a pilgrim / in the processions. Uncover the reality under study, demystifying the prejudices, is a reflection of the fascination, not to get s response conclusive and absolute, but to call for further discussions. / A pesquisa tem por objeto de estudo as romarias no Brasil, enfatizando as romarias de Aparecida, Juazeiro do Norte e Bom Jesus da Lapa, como espaço de interação entre a tradição e o moderno. Trata-se de uma pesquisa literária, em que, a partir de investigações de outros autores que já se ocuparam com a romaria, buscamos analisar a forma como se inserem os romeiros(as), na e em relação às romarias, mais particularmente, como eles percebem e se posicionam em relação a aspectos típicos da modernidade, como a centralidade do indivíduo, e outros aspectos típicos da tradição, como a busca por comunidade. A tradição é aqui caracterizada pela busca da comunidade pelos romeiros, enquanto a modernidade é caracterizada pela busca de centralidade do indivíduo como sujeito. A busca pela comunidade é verificada pela intensa presença, na romaria, de diferentes momentos e diferentes formas de partilha e de estar juntos que tal fenômeno proporciona. Já a centralidade no indivíduo como sujeito é evidenciada pelas práticas de sacrifício e de pagamentos de promessas que aí se percebe, o que evidencia um indivíduo gerenciador de suas necessidades e de sua relação com o sagrado. Nossa hipótese inicial era de que o/as romeiros/as que frequentam constantemente as romarias, por meio dessa prática religiosa, a veem e a aceitam como um espaço de (re)invenção, ou seja, um espaço de interação entre a tradição e a modernidade, onde suas identidades podem ser (re)construídas. No decorrer da análise, concluimos que a mesma foi confirmada, pois a modernidade se apresenta às pessoas como um modo de vida centrado no indivíduo. Dessa forma, o desafio que se coloca aos referidos sujeitos é o desejo de não perder os ganhos trazidos pela modernidade e pela centralidade na individualização, como a própria possibilidade de se verem como sujeitos. Mas eles também não querem perder a segurança daqueles aspectos constituintes de sua identidade já conhecidos. Daí, afirmamos que as romarias são um espaço de interação entre a tradição e a modernidade. Percebe-se que há um contraste na ressignificação do papel e do perfil do/a romeiro/a nas romarias. Desvendar a realidade em estudo, desmistificando os preconceitos, é um fascínio da reflexão, não para obter respostas conclusivas e absolutas, mas para suscitar novas discussões.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O presente trabalho analisa, em Juazeiro do Norte â CearÃ, a problemÃtica do lixo durante os dias de romarias, enfocando as condiÃÃes sociais, econÃmicas e ambientais do MunicÃpio. A cidade possui uma populaÃÃo de 214 mil habitantes, a qual à duplicada durante as trÃs festas religiosas que acontecem as romarias, ocorrendo uma sobrecarga nos serviÃos pÃblicos, especialmente no manejo adequado do lixo. Durante a pesquisa, foi usada metodologia dialÃtica, a qual possibilitou inicialmente fazer diagnÃstico da situaÃÃo atual do lixo, com caracterizaÃÃo e quantificaÃÃo dos resÃduos sÃlidos nos dias de romarias, identificando-se os impactos negativos desses resÃduos e verificando-se quem sÃo os produtores do lixo, seu papel e responsabilidade perante a questÃo ambiental na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte â CearÃ. AlÃm disso, fez-se um levantamento dos depÃsitos de materiais reciclÃveis para verificar a demanda e analisou-se a situaÃÃo dos catadores desses materiais. Identificaram-se, por meio de pesquisa de campo, os lixÃes de Juazeiro do Norte, utilizando-se como referÃncia Ãs gestÃes municipais de 1980 atà 2005. Consideraram-se tambÃm os atores sociais e suas respectivas aÃÃes educativas no MunicÃpio na busca de mitigar o problema. Com base nesses elementos, analisaram-se as questÃes estudadas, realÃando o fato de que a Cidade de Juazeiro do Norte necessita integrar aÃÃes para a gestÃo e gerenciamento dos resÃduos sÃlidos no MunicÃpio, assim como, precisa agir diante da ineficiÃncia das polÃticas pÃblicas e implementar, com a participaÃÃo dos habitantes e visitantes, a EducaÃÃo Ambiental como elemento fundamental na aprendizagem do eco-cidadania. / The present work analyzes, in Juazeiro do Norte â CearÃ, waste sdid problematic during the pilgrimagesâ days, with enphasis in: social, economical and environmental conditions. This city has a population of 214 thousand inhabitants, which is duplicated during the three religious parties at pilgrimages period. It causes an overload in public services, especially in appropriate waste solid management. The methodology dialectic was used in this research. Initially, this methodology made possible to do diagnosis of waste solid current situation. Moreover, the present research characterized and quantified the waste solid in the days of pilgrimages, identified the negative impacts of those residues and verified who are the produtors. As well as, it analyzed role and responsibility of environmental subject at Municipality of Juazeiro do Norte - CearÃ. The deposits of recyclable materials were lifted up to verify the demand and to analyze the situationâs collectors of those materials. The Juazeiro do Norteâs landfill were identified through field research during the period of the municipal administrations between 1980 and 2005. The social actors and their respective educational actions in the city were considered to searching the problemâs solution. The studied subjects were analyzed with base in those elements to enhance that the city of Juazeiro do Norte needs to integrate actions for the administration of the solid residues. A well as, this City needs to act before the inefficiency of the public politics and to implement the Environmental Education as fundamental element in the learning of the ecocitizenship, with the inhabitants' participation and visitors.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Roberto Valcarenghi.pdf: 6628711 bytes, checksum: 9b409137ad3dee3afb58d67de6fd0390 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research addresses the geographical size of the Earth Pilgrimages of Paraná - occurring since 1985 - with emphasis on the agricultural aspects, especially the fight and stay on earth. The "local" to the completion of Pilgrimages, hymns, songs, speeches, political and religious rituals are laden with geographic content and constitute the main axis of this study. The main objectives were to analyze the Pilgrimages were produced Earth Paraná, by whom and for whom. By analyzing the 26 th Pilgrimage Earth Paraná , which happened in August 2012, we sought through interviews and informal conversations, analyzing the profile of the pilgrims land , paying attention to the following aspects: their place of origin, its form displacement, their belonging to religious and political groups and their aspirations as pilgrims. Maps, photos, posters, pictures and videos were used, and if these had access through TV documentaries produced by the Who . The results proved the importance and relevance of Earth Pilgrimages of Paraná in Paraná represent the agrarian landscape. / A presente pesquisa aborda a dimensão geográfica das Romarias da Terra do Paraná que acontecem desde 1985 dando ênfase aos aspectos agrários, sobretudo a luta e a permanência na terra. O local da realização das Romarias, os hinos, cânticos, discursos, rituais religiosos e políticos estão carregados de conteúdo geográfico e se constituem no eixo principal desse estudo. Os principais objetivos foram analisar como eram produzidas as Romarias da Terra do Paraná, por quem e para quem. Ao analisar a 26ª Romaria da Terra do Paraná, que aconteceu em agosto de 2012, buscou-se, através de entrevistas e conversas informais, analisar o perfil dos romeiros da terra, atentando aos seguintes aspectos: seu local de origem, a sua forma de deslocamento, seu pertencimento a grupos religiosos e políticos e seus anseios enquanto romeiros. Foram utilizados mapas, fotos, cartazes, imagens e vídeos, sendo que a estes se teve acesso através de documentários produzidos pela TV Quem. Os resultados provaram a importância e relevância das Romarias da Terra do Paraná em representar o espaço agrário paranaense

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-06-20T12:31:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CRISTIANE SOUSA SANTOS.pdf: 1319771 bytes, checksum: 7f30a6f7759360aa8057ca4b00edffc7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-20T12:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRISTIANE SOUSA SANTOS.pdf: 1319771 bytes, checksum: 7f30a6f7759360aa8057ca4b00edffc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / This dissertation has as main objective to deal with the pilgrimages and the cult of the Apostle James the Greater in Santiago de Compostela, from the Liber Sancti Jacobi, a codex elaborated in the twelfth century, and which encloses in itself all the nuances of reverence for the disciple in the Galicia region. In order to do so, we are guided by theoretical methodological assumptions for the analysis of the representations in the present source, according to the aspects of the myth and the Social Imaginary, present in the quotidian of the century. From the revelation of the existence of a sepulcher made in the ninth century, attributed to the disciple who would have been according to the Holy Scriptures, one of the closest of the Messiah, a cult that according to tradition has been forgotten for centuries, would thus have resurfaced. Since then, a series of narratives and the itinerary towards the Galician city, were being written and perfected. At the apogee of the cult of relics in the twelfth century, the Compostela Cathedral under the prelate Diego Gelmírez, there was an extension to the elaboration of these documents aimed at legitimizing the presence of the relics of the apostle in "Hispania", among the most notable of these chronicles, is the Liber Sancti Jacobi or Codex Calixtinus. Based on the narratives present in the codex, information about the presence of James the Greater in the Iberian Peninsula was expanded. Thus, our research developed from the research on the writing and the origin of the tradition of the narratives reproduced in the codex. As well, we turn our attention to the relevance and influence of the pilgrimages to Jerusalem and Rome, primordial to the investigations that investigate the amplitude and importance of the trips and pilgrimages in Average Age. Finally, the attention is directed to the analyzes of the myth of St. James and his miracles narrated in the Liber Sancti Jacobi and their interferences, motivations and inspirations for the construction and promotion of the way of Santiago de Compostela. / Essa dissertação, tem como objetivo principal, tratar a respeito das peregrinações e o culto ao apóstolo Tiago, o Maior em Santiago de Compostela, a partir do Liber Sancti Jacobi, um códice elaborado no século XII, e que encerra em si todas as nuances da reverência destinada ao discípulo na região Galiza. Para tanto, nos direcionamos a partir de pressupostos teóricos metodológicos de análise das representações existentes na fonte em apreço, segundo os aspectos do mito e do Imaginário Social, presentes no cotidiano do século da redação desta. A partir da revelatio da existência de um sepulcro feita no século IX, atribuído ao discípulo que teria sido conforme as Sagradas Escrituras, um dos mais próximos do Messias, um culto que segundo a tradição esteve esquecido por séculos, teria assim, ressurgido. Desde então, uma série de narrativas e o itinerário em direção à cidade galega, foram sendo escritas e aperfeiçoados. No apogeu do culto às relíquias no século XII, a Sé Compostelana sob o prelado D. Diego Gelmírez, houve a ampliação à elaboração desses documentos que visavam a legitimação da presença das relíquias do apóstolo em “Hispania”, dentre as mais notáveis dessas crônicas, encontra-se o Liber Sancti Jacobi ou Codex Calixtinus. Fundamentados nas narrativas presentes no códice, se expandiram as informações sobre a presença de Tiago, o Maior na Península Ibérica. Dessa forma, nossa pesquisa, se desenvolveu a partir da investigação sobre a redação e a origem da tradição das narrativas reproduzidas no códice. Assim como também, voltamos nossa atenção para a relevância e a influência das peregrinações à Jerusalém e à Roma, primordiais às pesquisas que investigam a amplitude e a importância das viagens e peregrinações na Idade Média. Por fim, às atenções são destinadas às análises do mito de São Tiago e dos seus milagres narrados no Liber Sancti Jacobi e suas interferências, motivações e inspirações para a construção e promoção do caminho de Santiago de Compostela.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Roberto Valcarenghi.pdf: 6628711 bytes, checksum: 9b409137ad3dee3afb58d67de6fd0390 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research addresses the geographical size of the Earth Pilgrimages of Paraná - occurring since 1985 - with emphasis on the agricultural aspects, especially the fight and stay on earth. The "local" to the completion of Pilgrimages, hymns, songs, speeches, political and religious rituals are laden with geographic content and constitute the main axis of this study. The main objectives were to analyze the Pilgrimages were produced Earth Paraná, by whom and for whom. By analyzing the 26 th Pilgrimage Earth Paraná , which happened in August 2012, we sought through interviews and informal conversations, analyzing the profile of the pilgrims land , paying attention to the following aspects: their place of origin, its form displacement, their belonging to religious and political groups and their aspirations as pilgrims. Maps, photos, posters, pictures and videos were used, and if these had access through TV documentaries produced by the Who . The results proved the importance and relevance of Earth Pilgrimages of Paraná in Paraná represent the agrarian landscape. / A presente pesquisa aborda a dimensão geográfica das Romarias da Terra do Paraná que acontecem desde 1985 dando ênfase aos aspectos agrários, sobretudo a luta e a permanência na terra. O local da realização das Romarias, os hinos, cânticos, discursos, rituais religiosos e políticos estão carregados de conteúdo geográfico e se constituem no eixo principal desse estudo. Os principais objetivos foram analisar como eram produzidas as Romarias da Terra do Paraná, por quem e para quem. Ao analisar a 26ª Romaria da Terra do Paraná, que aconteceu em agosto de 2012, buscou-se, através de entrevistas e conversas informais, analisar o perfil dos romeiros da terra, atentando aos seguintes aspectos: seu local de origem, a sua forma de deslocamento, seu pertencimento a grupos religiosos e políticos e seus anseios enquanto romeiros. Foram utilizados mapas, fotos, cartazes, imagens e vídeos, sendo que a estes se teve acesso através de documentários produzidos pela TV Quem. Os resultados provaram a importância e relevância das Romarias da Terra do Paraná em representar o espaço agrário paranaense

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