The goal of this thesis was to develop, deploy and evaluate a lightweight portable intrusion detection system (LPIDS) over wireless networks. The LPIDS was developed by adopting two different string matching algorithms: Aho-Corasick algorithm and Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm (KMP). The LPIDS was implemented and tested on the hardware platforms Wi-Fi Pineapple and Raspberry Pi. To evaluate and test the LPIDS as well as the algorithms, performance metrics such as throughput, response time and power consumption are considered. The experimental results reveal that Aho-Corasick performed better than KMP throughout the majority of the process, but KMP was typically faster in the beginning with fewer rules. Similarly, Raspberry Pi shows remarkably higher performance than Wi-Fi Pineapple in all of the measurements. Moreover, we compared the throughput between LPIDS and Snort. It was concluded that the throughput was significantly higher for LPIDS when most of the rules do not include content parameters. This thesis concludes that due to computational complexity and slow hardware processing capabilities of Wi-Fi Pineapple, it could not become suitable IDS in the presence of different pattern matching strategies. Finally, we propose a modification of Snort to increase the throughput of the system.

Bromelina é um nome coletivo para enzimas proteolíticas encontradas no talo, fruto e folhas do abacaxi (Ananas comosus Merr). A bromelina possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias, de debridamento, entre outras. Para a produção da bromelina deve-se, preferencialmente, usar resíduos do abacaxi, visto que os produtos do fruto têm aplicação comercial. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a extração de bromelina a partir de cascas de abacaxi através de sistema de duas fases aquosas (SDFA), e sua aplicação em hidrogel polimérico. Foram realizados estudos de estabilidade da bromelina comercial, em que se observou maior estabilidade em pH 5,0 com menor perda da atividade relativa em todas as temperaturas estudadas (20, 30, 40 e 50°C). O estudo da extração da bromelina em SDFA formado por polietileno glicol (PEG) e ácido poliacrílico (PAA) (com auxílio da análise de variância de parâmetros como rendimento, fator de purificação e coeficiente de partição) proporcionou rendimento de 335% e fator de purificação de 25,8. Os hidrogéis poliméricos à base de PEG estudados apresentaram-se flexíveis, com pouca elasticidade e taxa de absorção superior a 1000%. Hidrogel carreado de bromelina pelo método de turgescência proporcionou a maior liberação da enzima, assim como a maior atividade (80% da bromelina liberada em 24 h e 278 ± 89 U/mL). / Bromelain is a collective name for the proteolytic enzymes found in the stem, fruit and leaves of pineapple (Ananas comosus Merr.). Bromelain possesses anti-inflammatory properties, debridement, among others. For bromelain production one should preferably use the waste materials, whereas pineapple fruit products have commercial application. This study aimed to extract bromelain from pineapple peels using aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), and its application in polymeric hydrogels. Stability studies of commercial bromelain were performed, which found greater stability at pH 5.0 with minor loss of relative activity at all temperatures studied. The study of bromelain extraction in ATPS composed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly acrylic acid (PAA) (with assistance of variance analysis of parameters such as yield, purification factor and partition coefficient) showed yield 335% and purification factor of 25.8. The PEG-based hydrogels studied presented flexibility, low elasticity and swelling ratio higher than 1000%. Hydrogel containing bromelain, loading by embedding (solvent sorption) method, yielded the highest enzyme release, as well as the highest activity (80% bromelain released over 24 h and 278 ± 89 U / mL).

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Pesquisas recentes apontam a utilizaÃÃo de sucos de frutas como excelente meio para veicular micro-organismos probiÃticos. Diante disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver um novo alimento probiÃtico de origem nÃo lÃctea, a partir da desidrataÃÃo, por spray dryer, do suco de abacaxi contendo Lactobacillus casei NRRL B-442. Primeiramente, foi realizado um tratamento tÃrmico no suco de abacaxi (90 ÂC /1minuto) com o objetivo de inativar as proteases presentes no mesmo e avaliar a influÃncia da inativaÃÃo dessa enzima na sobrevivÃncia do micro-organismo. Posteriormente, foi avaliado o uso de trÃs temperaturas (150, 120 e 100 ÂC) para a desidrataÃÃo do suco, a fim de definir uma temperatura adequada com base na sobrevivÃncia do micro-organismo apÃs o processo de desidrataÃÃo. Outros parÃmetros tambÃm foram estudados, tais como: o efeito da adiÃÃo de diferentes materiais (gelatina, goma arÃbica, maltodextrina), os quais foram empregados como agentes protetores do micro-organismo, bem como a concentraÃÃo de cada agente utilizada. A viabilidade do L. casei antes e apÃs a secagem, os nÃveis de rendimento e reidrataÃÃo do pà e a cor do suco reconstituÃdo tambÃm foram avaliados. Com base nos resultados obtidos podemos concluir que o uso de temperaturas mais baixas (100ÂC) e a aplicaÃÃo de tratamento tÃrmico no suco favoreceram a sobrevivÃncia do L. casei apÃs desidrataÃÃo do suco. O emprego de 10% de gelatina e 5% de goma arÃbica, como agente de proteÃÃo, garantiu excelentes nÃveis de sobrevivÃncia do micro-organismo apÃs a secagem mostrando, dessa forma, que à possÃvel formular um novo alimento probiÃtico em pà sem as limitaÃÃes dos produtos lÃcteos. / Recent researches show the potential use of fruit juices as an excellent way to carry probiotic microorganisms. Thus, the aim of the following study was to develop a new non-dairy probiotic food from of pineapple juice containing Lactobacillus casei NRRL B-442 dehydrated by spray-drying process. Firstly, the pineapple juice underwent a heat treatment (90  C / 1 minute) in order to inactivate the proteases present in the juice and evaluate the influence of enzyme inactivation on the microorganism survival. Subsequently, the employment of three temperatures (150, 120 and 100  C) on the juice dehydration was appraised, with the purpose of defining an appropriate temperature based on the microorganism survival, after the dehydration process. Other parameters were also studied, such as: the effect of addition of different materials (gelatin, gum arabic, maltodextrin), which were used as protective agents for the microorganism, as well as the concentration of each tested adjuvant. Viability of L. casei (before and after the drying process), powder yield and rehydration levels and the color of the reconstituted juice were also assessed. Based on the attained results, it can be concluded that the utilization of lower temperatures (100  C) and the appliance of heat treatment in the juice favored the survival of L. casei after dehydration. Excellent levels of microorganism survival after the drying process were achieved by using 10% gelatin and 5% gum arabic as protective agents, thus showing a promising possibility of formulating a new powder probiotic food without the restrictions inherent in dairy products.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-23T19:32:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Dan?bia Gon?alves Ribeiro.pdf: 824606 bytes, checksum: dd284e46bd5222c0f71d865d8ad108b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T19:32:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Dan?bia Gon?alves Ribeiro.pdf: 824606 bytes, checksum: dd284e46bd5222c0f71d865d8ad108b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / Information about the mineral nutrition of new varieties of pineapple (Ananas comosus), and about the nutrient absorption of the preformed root system of micropropagated plantlets, is lacking. This work had the objective to evaluate the contribution of the preformed roots of pineapple seedlings cultivar ?Vit?ria? in plant growth and nitrogen (N) absorption in the first months of acclimatization of the seedlings. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in the Department of Fitotecnia of UFRRJ, Serop?dica (RJ). The experimental design was randomized blocks in an incomplete factorial design, with three treatments of root pruning (without pruning, half pruning and total pruning), four times of N application (0, 30, 60 and 90 days after transplant ? DAT), four plant harvests at different growth stages (30, 60, 90 and 120 DAT), and five replications, summing 150 experimental units. The substrate was the A horizon of Planosol in 5 kg pots. At harvests, the shoot and root dry weight was measured. The root systems were scanned and their area and length determined by digital image analysis. Concentrations and content of N in shoots and roots, and the influx of N into roots, were determined. Plants without root pruning produced higher shoot mass at every harvest. The application of N at 0 or 30 DAT provided a larger shoot mass at 60 and 120 DAT. After 120 DAT, the plants that received root pruning had lower root mass, area and length, than those plants without pruning. Time of N application did not affect the mass, area or length of roots. The N application after 60 DAT caused higher biomass allocation to roots, increasing root:shoot ratio. Plants without root pruning showed higher specific root area and length at 30 and 60 DAT, hence thinner roots. Time of N application did not affected the N accumulation in shoots, but plants without root pruning and that received N at 0 and 30 DAT had a dilution effect of N, with lower shoot N concentration. Total root pruning provided lower N accumulation in plants. Influx of N per root area and root length was not affected by time of N application. Influx of N into roots was higher in plants that received root pruning, since they presented younger roots with higher absorption activity. It is concluded that the preformed root system of pineapple plantlets is able to absorb N during the first months after planting, and that the practice of pruning the root system, entirely or partially, leads to lower initial plant growth. / H? car?ncia de informa??es sobre a nutri??o mineral das novas variedades de abacaxi (Ananas comosus), bem como sobre o manejo do sistema radicular pr?-formado das mudas micropropagadas e sua efici?ncia na absor??o de nutrientes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a contribui??o das ra?zes pr?-formadas em mudas micropropagadas de abacaxizeiro cultivar ?Vit?ria? no crescimento e absor??o de nitrog?nio (N) nos primeiros meses de aclimata??o das mudas. Foi conduzido um experimento em casa de vegeta??o no Departamento de Fitotecnia da UFRRJ, em Serop?dica (RJ). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial incompleto, com tr?s tratamentos de poda de raiz (sem poda, meia poda e poda total), quatro ?pocas de aplica??o de N (aos 0, 30, 60 e 90 dias ap?s transplante ? DAT), quatro coletas em diferentes est?dios de crescimento (aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 DAT) e cinco repeti??es, totalizando 150 unidades experimentais. O substrato foi horizonte A de Planossolo em vasos de 5 kg. Nas coletas, foi mensurada a massa seca da parte a?rea e da raiz. Os sistemas radiculares foram digitalizados e sua ?rea e comprimento determinados por an?lise digital de imagens. Foram determinados os teores e conte?dos de N na parte a?rea e ra?zes, e o influxo de N nas ra?zes. As plantas sem poda de raiz produziram maior massa de parte a?rea em todas as ?pocas de avalia??o. A aplica??o do adubo nitrogenado aos 0 ou 30 DAT proporcionou maior massa de parte a?rea aos 60 e aos 120 DAT. Decorridos 120 DAT, as plantas que receberam poda de raiz apresentaram massa, ?rea e comprimento radicular inferiores ?s que n?o receberam. A ?poca de aplica??o do adubo nitrogenado n?o influenciou na massa, ?rea e comprimento radicular. A aplica??o do N ap?s 60 DAT causou maior aloca??o de biomassa nas ra?zes, aumentando a rela??o raiz:parte a?rea. As plantas sem poda de raiz apresentaram maior ?rea radicular espec?fica e comprimento radicular espec?fico aos 30 e 60 DAT, ou seja, ra?zes mais finas. A ?poca de aplica??o de N n?o modificou a acumula??o de N na parte a?rea, mas as plantas sem poda de raiz e com aplica??o de N aos 0 e 30 DAT apresentaram efeito de dilui??o do N, com menor teor de N na parte a?rea. A poda total proporcionou menor acumula??o de N nas plantas. O influxo de N por ?rea e por comprimento radicular n?o sofreu influ?ncia da ?poca de aplica??o de N. O influxo radicular de N foi maior nas plantas que receberam poda total, por apresentarem ra?zes mais novas, com maior atividade de absor??o. Pode-se concluir que o sistema radicular pr?-formado presente nas mudas micropropagadas de abacaxi se mostrou apto em absorver o N nos primeiros meses ap?s o plantio, e que a pr?tica da poda do sistema radicular, total ou parcial, acarreta menor desenvolvimento inicial das plantas.

Submitted by Natalie Mendes (nataliermendes@gmail.com) on 2015-07-28T23:56:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_?ngara Keisle S?o Paulo Barretto Miranda.pdf: 984548 bytes, checksum: 4e0290fe54977157fb35593ccdb7ef99 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-28T23:56:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_?ngara Keisle S?o Paulo Barretto Miranda.pdf: 984548 bytes, checksum: 4e0290fe54977157fb35593ccdb7ef99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-25 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Bromelain is an enzyme complex with great therapeutic importance attributed both to it?s proteolytic activity, as the non-proteolytic components in the extract. Thus, the enzyme was extracted from different parts of Ananas comosus var comosus, from two pineapple with different codes: BGA 771 and BGA 772. The proteolytic and specific activities of bromelain from each part (stem, crown, peel, pulp and leaves) were investigated as well as their kinetic characteristics by measuring the optimum temperature and the optimum pH, and finally was studied it?s effect in vitro on murine melanoma B16F10 cells. In BGA 771, the highest proteolytic activity was found in the stem (81.10 mg/mL/min), while the highest specific activity was found in the pulp and peel (1983.44 and 1822.33 UA/mg of bromelain, respectively). In general, the optimum temperature varied between of 50 to 80 ?C and pH between 6 and 8. Bromelain all parts were effective more than 50% in inhibiting the melanoma B16F10 cells proliferation after 48 hours. The most significant inhibition was find on crown bromelain with 72.86%, and a time-dependent effect was observed on crown bromelain. At BGA 772 the higher activity was find in the pulp (35.58 mg/mL/min and 1446.60 UA/mg bromelain). The optimum temperature in the extracts ranged between 40 and 90 ?C, while the pH 6 was the best for all parties, while the leaf bromelain had two great points: 6 and 8. Only the bromelain peel was able to inhibit the melanoma B16F10 proliferation of, being 66.37% after 48 hours of contact, and a dose-dependent activity was observed. / A bromelina ? um complexo enzim?tico de grande import?ncia terap?utica, atribu?da tanto ? sua atividade proteol?tica, como aos componentes n?o proteol?ticos contidos no extrato. Dessa forma, a enzima foi extra?da de diferentes partes de Ananas comosus var comosus, a partir de dois abacaxizeiros com identifica??es distintas: BGA 771 e BGA 772. Foram investigadas as atividades proteol?tica e espec?fica da bromelina de cada parte (caule, coroa, casca, polpa e folha), bem como suas caracter?sticas cin?ticas atrav?s da medida da temperatura e do pH ?timos, investigando-se, por fim, o seu efeito in vitro sobre c?lulas tumorais de melanoma murino B16F10. No BGA 771, a maior atividade proteol?tica foi encontrada no caule (81,10 ?g/mL/min), enquanto a maior atividade espec?fica foi encontrada na polpa e na casca (1983,44 e 1822,33 UA/mg de bromelina, respectivamente). De um modo geral, a temperatura ?tima variou entre as partes de 50 a 80 ?C e o pH ?timo entre 6 e 8. A bromelina de todas as partes foi eficaz em inibir a prolifera??o das c?lulas de melanoma B16F10 ap?s 48 horas em mais de 50%, sendo a da coroa a mais significativa, com 72,86% de inibi??o, tendo sido observada uma atividade tempo-dependente. No BGA 772, as maiores atividade foram encontradas na polpa (35,58 ?g/mL/min e 1446,60 UA/mg de bromelina). A temperatura ?tima nos extratos variou entre 40 e 90?C, enquanto o pH 6 foi o melhor para todas as partes, exceto para a folha que teve dois pontos ?timos: 6 e 8. Somente a bromelina da casca foi capaz de inibir a prolifera??o do melanoma B16F10, sendo de 66,37% ap?s 48 horas de contato, tendo sido observada uma atividade dose-dependente.

Bromelina é um nome coletivo para enzimas proteolíticas encontradas no talo, fruto e folhas do abacaxi (Ananas comosus Merr). A bromelina possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias, de debridamento, entre outras. Para a produção da bromelina deve-se, preferencialmente, usar resíduos do abacaxi, visto que os produtos do fruto têm aplicação comercial. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a extração de bromelina a partir de cascas de abacaxi através de sistema de duas fases aquosas (SDFA), e sua aplicação em hidrogel polimérico. Foram realizados estudos de estabilidade da bromelina comercial, em que se observou maior estabilidade em pH 5,0 com menor perda da atividade relativa em todas as temperaturas estudadas (20, 30, 40 e 50°C). O estudo da extração da bromelina em SDFA formado por polietileno glicol (PEG) e ácido poliacrílico (PAA) (com auxílio da análise de variância de parâmetros como rendimento, fator de purificação e coeficiente de partição) proporcionou rendimento de 335% e fator de purificação de 25,8. Os hidrogéis poliméricos à base de PEG estudados apresentaram-se flexíveis, com pouca elasticidade e taxa de absorção superior a 1000%. Hidrogel carreado de bromelina pelo método de turgescência proporcionou a maior liberação da enzima, assim como a maior atividade (80% da bromelina liberada em 24 h e 278 ± 89 U/mL). / Bromelain is a collective name for the proteolytic enzymes found in the stem, fruit and leaves of pineapple (Ananas comosus Merr.). Bromelain possesses anti-inflammatory properties, debridement, among others. For bromelain production one should preferably use the waste materials, whereas pineapple fruit products have commercial application. This study aimed to extract bromelain from pineapple peels using aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), and its application in polymeric hydrogels. Stability studies of commercial bromelain were performed, which found greater stability at pH 5.0 with minor loss of relative activity at all temperatures studied. The study of bromelain extraction in ATPS composed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly acrylic acid (PAA) (with assistance of variance analysis of parameters such as yield, purification factor and partition coefficient) showed yield 335% and purification factor of 25.8. The PEG-based hydrogels studied presented flexibility, low elasticity and swelling ratio higher than 1000%. Hydrogel containing bromelain, loading by embedding (solvent sorption) method, yielded the highest enzyme release, as well as the highest activity (80% bromelain released over 24 h and 278 ± 89 U / mL).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-122). / Also available in microform / xvii, 128 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1977. / Bibliography: leaves 254-273. / Microfiche. / xiv, 273 leaves ill

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