Le profond enracinement de Pinocchio dans les imaginaires n'est pas seulement le fait des clichés pédagogiques que le « bon petit diable » de Collodi n'a jamais cessé d'inspirer à ses innombrables laudateurs. Si cette figure universelle, 125 ans après sa rocambolesque création, continue d'exercer une telle fascination sur les esprits, c'est parce que, loin d'être uniquement un garçonnet en devenir, elle est d'abord et avant tout l'hybridation d'un être et d'une bûche, l'inouï télescopage de la culture et de la nature, de l'âme et du bois. Dans les représentations usuelles, la célèbre marionnette évoque les turbulences de la jeunesse, les tentations et les écueils qui jalonnent le chemin de la découverte, les épreuves qui édifient, élèvent. Vaille que vaille, Pinocchio reste l'emblème de la réalisation de soi dans un monde dénué d'autorité parentale où, à la voix de la raison, s'opposent l'insouciance et la toute-puissance du Principe de plaisir. Parmi les multiples interprétations et adaptations du conte, rares, très rares sont celles qui échappent à ce que l'on pourrait appeler « la tentation anthropocentriste », c'est-à-dire celle qui se concentre sur la finalité métamorphique du personnage et qui ne voit en Pinocchio qu'une chrysalide de bois inéluctablement vouée à s'incarner dans un corps moral et assagi. La faute, il faut dire, en incombe à Collodi. En métamorphosant son conte en fable, en achevant Pinocchio, l'écrivain toscan a lui-même ouvert la voie à une lecture téléologique de son chef-d'oeuvre. Or à bien considérer la genèse du texte et les intentions premières de l'auteur, il s'avère que le Pinocchio fondamental aspire davantage à la fuite perpétuelle qu'à la pétrification dans une enveloppe humaine. La fin des Aventures de Pinocchio, CoIlodi d'ailleurs, lorsqu'on l'interrogeait à ce propos, prétendait ingénument l'avoir oubliée... La fascination tenace que le pantin animé continue d'exercer sur les imaginaires vient donc surtout, semblerait-il, de sa nature hybride. Plus que tout autre personnage de conte classique, Pinocchio appartient à l'interrègne. À la fois humain et végétal, ligneux et animal, il cristallise à lui seul toute l'énigme du vivant. En 1881, lorsqu'il prend naissance dans les colonnes du Giornale per i bambini, Pinocchio entre en résonance avec les interrogations qui, à la même époque, assaillent la communauté scientifique occidentale. Il fait écho au tonitruant débat qu'a soulevé Darwin avec De l'origine des espèces, il anticipe de quelques années la révolution freudienne relative à l'abyssale ambivalence de la psyché humaine et matérialise à sa manière le phénomène totémique, que la jeune anthropologie sonde et ausculte alors avec passion. Si certains de ses exégètes se sont furtivement essayés à associer Pinocchio à la science de l'Homme, si ça et là quelques lignes ont été consacrées à l'universalité anthropologique de la bûche parlante, aucun travail ne s'est sérieusement penché sur sa nature totémique. Ce mémoire entend combler cette lacune. Car au-delà du manichéisme moralisant qui caractérise le conte, au-delà de la lecture chrétienne du texte, Les Aventures de Pinocchio peuvent aussi être confrontées à la toujours très pertinente question totémique, qui consiste à chercher dans le non-humain (animal, végétal, minéral) un reflet de soi, en tant qu'humain. L'hypothèse qui préside à cette étude anthropologique des Aventures de Pinocchio consiste à avancer que le célébrissime personnage, à l'image de « l'opérateur symbolique » élaboré par Lévi-Strauss, tient lieu de fixateur conceptuel dans un univers chaotique (donc réaliste) que l'indifférenciation continuellement menace. Pinocchio, en tant que creuset de la contradiction, agencement entre l'âme et le bois, entre les règnes, permet de penser et d'approfondir, comme a contrario, la question de la spécificité humaine. À ce titre, il peut être assimilé au chaînon manquant qui nourrit depuis plus d'un siècle les phantasmes de la raison savante. Considéré comme proto-humain et « antéchristique », Pinocchio-l'oeil-de-pin, Pinocchio-l'entre-deux renvoie à la « Pensée sauvage » dans le sens où il assure, de par sa constitution même, la dialectique entre la nature et la culture et qu'il intériorise le va-et-vient classificatoire propre au phénomène totémique. Pinocchio est certes une créature morale, mais il est aussi, cela crève les yeux, un vecteur de narration fondamentalement original qui contient en lui son propre double, sa propre antithèse et qui, parce que intrinsèquement « ouvert » [au sens heideggerien], renvoie autant à l'animisme, au totémisme, qu'à l'infime frontière qui bée entre l'humain et le non-humain. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Pinocchio, Anthropologie, Ethnocritique, Totémisme, Devenir-animal.

This thesis examines the various futures presented by the original children's theatre of the Federal Theatre Project. Combining original archival research and play analysis, I investigate four plays from the Federal Theatre's canon: The Emperor's New Clothes (1935) and A Letter to Santa Claus (1938) by Charlotte Chorpenning, Revolt of the Beavers (1937) by Oscar Saul and Lou Lantz, and Pinocchio (1938-9) by Yasha Frank. I posit that the futures presented by the four plays allowed the spectators to envision a new American future beyond the Great Depression: of prosperity, of class equality, of individual agency. These futures were in conversation with the larger unspoken political goal of the Project - to produce theatre relevant to its time and place, and thus to its audiences' time and place. By analyzing the plays and their reception by young, adult, and critical audiences, my thesis reveals a a critical genealogy, one that can be traced through conservative arts criticism in the 1930s through present-day attacks on national arts such as PBS and the NEA / text

No description available.

When European childrens literature is adapted to North American film, parts of the stories are removed and changed in the hopes of producing something that will be considered acceptable in the target culture. Much of what is educational and cultural in the stories to begin with is removed through the process of adaptation leaving the finished product devoid of its originality and cultural authenticity. These oversimplified stories are what children in North America grow up with and believe to be original. This thesis examines the adaptation of the following classic childrens stories to film: Charles Perraults Bluebeard (1697); Lewis Carrolls Alices Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There (1871); and Carlo Collodis Le Avventure di Pinocchio (1883).

Submitted by Carolina GonçAlves Souza null (pedagogacarol@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-26T07:31:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_cg_dr_rcla.pdf: 3123337 bytes, checksum: 0355a06a33884f8c5ea6d79d4d9d6fc8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-27T20:54:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_cg_dr_rcla.pdf: 3123337 bytes, checksum: 0355a06a33884f8c5ea6d79d4d9d6fc8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T20:54:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_cg_dr_rcla.pdf: 3123337 bytes, checksum: 0355a06a33884f8c5ea6d79d4d9d6fc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-28 / A presente tese de doutorado tem por intento buscar compreender o que vem a ser o aspecto da humanização no boneco-personagem Pinóquio, adentrando, interrogando, conhecendo, ainda que parcialmente, em quais condições a obra foi escrita. O percurso metodológico seguiu de acordo com o paradigma indiciário proposto por Ginzburg e a ideia de artesania desenvolvida por Santos, entrelaçando pesquisa bibliográfica à releitura da obra, seguindo pistas referentes à vida do autor – Carlo Collodi, compondo uma narrativa científico-poética. Os aportes teóricos sobre o estudo da linguagem abarcam os escritos de Bakhtin, Rancière, Benjamin e Deleuze e Guattari, além das provocações de Calvino sobre a escrita. Autores como Marcheschi, Bertacchini, Biagi, Lorenzini e Bronzuoli somaram ao estudo da obra As aventuras de Pinóquio. O levantamento bibliográfico inicial indicou que a maioria das pesquisas brasileiras não buscou compreender o processo de humanização do boneco na relação/tensão com o seu criador. A pesquisadora, artista, atenta para a superfície da obra, nas passagens em que a narrativa se desdobra, anda pelas bordas, inventa outro texto: uma leitura renovada, em que a potência do riso toma forma. Pinóquio, pelo riso, mostra para além de uma vida impertinente, uma escrita inventiva de seu autor. / This doctoral dissertation aims to comprehend what is the aspect of humanization in the character-doll Pinocchio, incoming, interrogating, knowing, even partially, under what conditions the manuscript was written. The methodological course followed according to the evidential paradigm proposed by Ginzburg and the idea of craftsmanship developed by Santos, associating bibliographical research to the re-reading of the manuscript, following clues regarding to the life of the author - Carlo Collodi, composing a scientific-poetic narrative. The theoretical contributions on the study of language include the writings of Bakhtin, Rancière, Benjamin and Deleuze and Guattari, as well as Calvin's provocations on writing. Authors like Marcheschi, Bertacchini, Biagi, Lorenzini and Bronzuoli added to the study of the manuscript The Adventures of Pinocchio. The initial bibliographic review indicated that most of the Brazilian researches did not seek to understand the humanization process of the doll in relation/tension with its creator. The researcher, artist, focused on the surface of the manuscript, in the ways in which the narrative stretches out, walks along the edges, invents another text: a renewed reading, in which the power of laughter takes shape. Pinocchio, through laughter, shows beyond an impertinent life, an inventive writing of its author.

nÃo hà / Le avventure di Pinocchio à uma obra que dialoga intimamente com a traduÃÃo, pois desde o seu lanÃamento, em 1883, vem sendo traduzida para as mais diversas lÃnguas, e adaptada para diferentes formas artÃsticas. A obra à considerada uma narrativa infantil e fantÃstica de grande representatividade da literatura italiana do final do sÃculo XIX, porÃm, poucos falam dos relevantes aspectos realÃsticos, que mantÃm uma estreita relaÃÃo com os elementos fantÃsticos (CAMBI, 1985; GUERINI, 2009), significativos de um perÃodo histÃrico, econÃmico e social de muitas dificuldades que marcaram a pÃs-unificaÃÃo italiana, o que faz de Pinocchio um sÃmbolo de identidade nacional (ASOR ROSA, 1985). A nossa pesquisa pretende verificar como esses aspectos realÃsticos, e significativos de um especÃfico momento histÃrico italiano, foram ressignificados na adaptaÃÃo fÃlmica italiana Pinocchio, de Roberto Benigni, lanÃado em 2002. O conceito de ressignificaÃÃo remonta ao de ressemantizaÃÃo de Lotman (1982), o qual defende que o texto artÃstico, enquanto linguagem, tem a funÃÃo de produzir novos significados. De fato, teÃricos da adaptaÃÃo fÃlmica como Bazin (1977) e Cattrysse (2014; 1992) reconhecem a importÃncia do filme como um texto que traz suas prÃprias leituras e visÃes da obra literÃria, e, portanto, merece ser compreendido nas suas respectivas particularidades autorais e mercadolÃgicas. Nessa perspectiva, apoiamo-nos na teoria dos polissistemas cinematogrÃfico, de Cattrysse (2014), para compreender o filme como um produto em si. Sendo assim, elementos que sÃo significativos na obra literÃria como: a ambientaÃÃo, a figura feminina e a fuga; ao serem traduzidos para a narrativa fÃlmica serÃo ressignificados de acordo com as exigÃncias autorais, mercadolÃgicas e de recepÃÃo: a ambientaÃÃo que em Collodi retrata uma denÃncia social de pobreza e fome, em Benigni, ambienta um momento histÃrico, mas sem relevar a denÃncia social; a figura feminina à restrita à presenÃa da Fata, na obra literÃria, Benigni, porÃm, usa os espaÃos da narrativa fÃlmica para inserir a mulher nas mais diversas atividades cotidianas, atravÃs da figuraÃÃo; e o elemento fuga, que permeia toda a obra, serà analisado no que definimos a grande fuga, quando Pinocchio recebe as moedas do Mangiafoco atà o enforcamento do boneco. Collodi retrata-a de forma dura e violenta, caracterÃsticas dos contos infantis de outrora, jà Benigni ressignifica-a, utilizando elementos realÃsticos, mas nÃo tÃo violentos, jà que a narrativa infantil contemporÃnea procura suavizÃ-la. / Le avventure di Pinocchio is a work that closely interacts with the translation because since its launch, in 1883, has been translated to several languages and adapted to different artistic forms. The work is considered a fiction and children`s narrative of great representation of Italian literature of the late nineteenth century, however, few speak about the relevant realistic aspects, that keep a close relation with the fictional elements (CAMBI, 1985; GUERINI, 2009), significant of a historical, economical and social period of many difficulties that marked the Italian post-unification, what makes Pinocchio a symbol of national identity (ASOR ROSA, 1985). Our research aims to verify how those realistic aspects, and significant of a specific Italian historical moment, were resignified into the Italian filmic adaptation Pinocchio, from Roberto Benigni, launched in 2002. The concept of resignification goes back to the resemantization concept, theorized by Lotman (1970), who defends that the artistic text, as language, has the function to produce new meanings. In fact, theorists from filmic adaptation, like Bazin (1977) and Cattrysse (2014; 1992) recognize the importance of movies as a text that brings their own interpretations and views of the literary work and, therefore, deserves to be understood in its own copyright and marketing particularities. In this perspective, we support our study in the Polysystem Theory of filmic adaptations, from Cattrysse (2014) to comprehend the movie as a product itself. Thus, the elements that are meaningful in the literary work as: the embience, the female figure and the escape; when translated into the filmic narrative will be resignified according to the copyright, marketing and acceptance requirements: the ambience, that in Collodi portrays the social denounce of poverty and hunger, in Benigni, portrays a historical moment, but without highlighting the social denounce; the female figure is restricted to the presence of Fata, in the literary work, Benigni, however, uses the room in the filmic narrative to insert the woman in the most diverse everyday activities, through figuration; the escape element, that permeates all the literary work, will be analyzed in what we define as the great escape, when Pinocchio receives the coins from Mangiafoco until its hanging; Colodi portrays it in a tough and violent way, characteristics of children`s tales of once, yet Benigni resignifies it, using realistic elements, but not so violent, whereas the contemporary children`s narrative tries to soften it.

This study focuses on the role of the blue-haired Fairy in Carlo Collodi's "Le Avventure di Pinocchio" compared to the feminine role in Italian Children's literature and the European genre Bildungsroman during the late 18th century. It also explores Italy's educational and ideological agenda during this period and the role of children's literature as a pedagogical contribution towards the formation of a new Italian nation after 1861.  Having thoroughly considered Carlo Colloid’s criticism towards traditional family, school organization, and children's literature, the conclusion demonstrates that the blue-haired Fairy can be interpreted as an anti-conformist figure in comparison to the educational values of 18th century Italy and that she is in contrast to the stereotypical descriptions of women in literature during this period, both as an educator and as an independent woman. / Questo studio si concentra sul ruolo della Fata Turchina nel "Le Avventure di Pinocchio" di Carlo Collodi rispetto al ruolo femminile nella letteratura per l'infanzia italiana e nel genere Bildungsroman europeo durante il fine Ottocento. La tesina esplora anche l'agenda educativa e ideologica dell'Italia durante questo periodo e il ruolo della letteratura per l'infanzia come contributo pedagogico alla formazione di una nuova cultura unitaria italiana dopo il 1861. Considerata a fondo la critica di Carlo Collodi nei confronti della famiglia tradizionale, dell'organizzazione scolastica e della letteratura per l'infanzia, la conclusione dimostra che la Fata Turchina può essere interpretata come una figura anticonformista rispetto ai valori educativi dell’Italia di fine Ottocento ed in contrasto con le descrizioni stereotipate della donna nella letteratura di questo periodo, sia come educatrice che come donna indipendente.

Écrivain dramatique, romancier, nouvelliste et conteur, Carlo Collodi (1826-1890), à sa mort, est avant tout reconnu comme un journaliste de talent, auteur apprécié de livres pour enfants. Paradoxalement, l’œuvre de Collodi, sous la plume de ses biographes les plus célèbres, devient ensuite celle d’un seul livre : Le avventure di Pinocchio. Storia di un burattino (1883), un chef-d’œuvre isolé « écrit par hasard » (selon l’expression de P.Pancrazi). La recherche récente de type philologique – en particulier les travaux de Daniela Marcheschi – réinsère Pinocchio dans un ensemble littéraire faisant fonction d’atelier de création, dans lequel se sont élaborés les outils stylistiques et thématiques ancillaires de l’œuvre majeure. Une étude intertextuelle, ainsi qu’une approche de type anthropologique, de l’ensemble du corpus collodien, montrent que Pinocchio est l’aboutissement d’une recherche existentielle : le projet collodien, paré de la magie des contes de fées, explore les limites du vivant et de l’inanimé, il pose la question de l’intégrité des êtres. L’analyse textuelle révèle que l’auteur a tenté, avec Pinocchio, une opération de « reproduction », de régénération, un engendrement sans la mère: la création du pantin n’est pas celle d’un être nouveau mais initialement celle d’un double du vieillard, rajeuni. Voilà pourquoi « l’enfant parallèle », auquel Collodi donne corps, n’est pas le fruit d’un désir de paternité classique, mais l’objet d’une entreprise chimérique visant à refuser le destin mortel de l’homme. / Carlo Collodi (1826-1890) playwright, novelist, short story writer and storyteller was, at his death, known primarily as a talented journalist and author of popular books for children. Paradoxically, Collodi’s work, according to his most famous biographers, had been reduced to a single book: Le avventure di Pinocchio. Storia di un burattino (1883), an isolated masterpiece "written by chance" (in the words of P. Pancrazi). Recent philological research - in particular the work of Daniela Marcheschi - reinserts Pinocchio into a literary corpus that functioned as a creative writing workshop, in which the stylistic and thematic tools subordinate to the main work were developed. An intertextual study and an anthropological approach to the complete works of Collodi show that Pinocchio is the culmination of an existential search: Collodi’s design, adorned with the magic of fairy tales, is to explore the limits of the animate and the inanimate and raise the question of the integrity of the human being. Textual analysis shows that what the author attempted with Pinocchio is a project of reproduction or regeneration, a sort of engendering without the mother: the puppet he created is not initially a new being, but rather a duplicate of the old man rejuvenated. That is why "the parallel child " to which Collodi gives life stems not from the desire for traditional paternity, but from the impossible dream of refusing the mortal destiny of man.

Theatre is the passport to the creation of a balanced educational system in the United States (US), while standardized testing is the downfall of the ideology behind ‘No Child Left Behind’ (NCLB). As an educator, I was greatly influenced by Howard Gardner, theorist of Multiple Intelligences and Neil Fleming theorist of learning modalities. This work has carried over into my work in theatre as a director. Theatre does not have to didactically serve formal education, which emphasizes mathematics and reading/writing, nor does it have to be merely a spectacle. Theatre can be experimental, artistic, cathartic, foster social and intrapersonal skills and increase intelligences in all areas for children and adults. The adaptation of the children’s book The End by David LaRochelle into a play for children demonstrates the potential that lies within the art of theatre to be more than just entertainment. Furthermore, my work on the adaptation of The End was greatly influenced by my research and participation in the production of Pinocchio with Ohio Valley Summer Theatre in the fall of 2008. From this production, I gained considerable knowledge on the topic of Commedia Del’ Arte which impacted my work on my own production The End.

NUNES, Simone Lopes Almeida. Seguindo Pinocchio: a ambientação, o feminino e a fuga na obra fílmica de Roberto Benigni como elementos de ressignificação da obra literária de Carlo Collodi. 2016. 165f. - Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-23T17:34:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_slanunes.pdf: 4935862 bytes, checksum: 161fb1681ef24546ff6153a89936ccd8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-26T12:35:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_slanunes.pdf: 4935862 bytes, checksum: 161fb1681ef24546ff6153a89936ccd8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T12:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_slanunes.pdf: 4935862 bytes, checksum: 161fb1681ef24546ff6153a89936ccd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Le avventure di Pinocchio is a work that closely interacts with the translation because since its launch, in 1883, has been translated to several languages and adapted to different artistic forms. The work is considered a fiction and children`s narrative of great representation of Italian literature of the late nineteenth century, however, few speak about the relevant realistic aspects, that keep a close relation with the fictional elements (CAMBI, 1985; GUERINI, 2009), significant of a historical, economical and social period of many difficulties that marked the Italian post-unification, what makes Pinocchio a symbol of national identity (ASOR ROSA, 1985). Our research aims to verify how those realistic aspects, and significant of a specific Italian historical moment, were resignified into the Italian filmic adaptation Pinocchio, from Roberto Benigni, launched in 2002. The concept of resignification goes back to the resemantization concept, theorized by Lotman (1970), who defends that the artistic text, as language, has the function to produce new meanings. In fact, theorists from filmic adaptation, like Bazin (1977) and Cattrysse (2014; 1992) recognize the importance of movies as a text that brings their own interpretations and views of the literary work and, therefore, deserves to be understood in its own copyright and marketing particularities. In this perspective, we support our study in the Polysystem Theory of filmic adaptations, from Cattrysse (2014) to comprehend the movie as a product itself. Thus, the elements that are meaningful in the literary work as: the embience, the female figure and the escape; when translated into the filmic narrative will be resignified according to the copyright, marketing and acceptance requirements: the ambience, that in Collodi portrays the social denounce of poverty and hunger, in Benigni, portrays a historical moment, but without highlighting the social denounce; the female figure is restricted to the presence of Fata, in the literary work, Benigni, however, uses the room in the filmic narrative to insert the woman in the most diverse everyday activities, through figuration; the escape element, that permeates all the literary work, will be analyzed in what we define as the great escape, when Pinocchio receives the coins from Mangiafoco until its hanging; Colodi portrays it in a tough and violent way, characteristics of children`s tales of once, yet Benigni resignifies it, using realistic elements, but not so violent, whereas the contemporary children`s narrative tries to soften it. / Le avventure di Pinocchio é uma obra que dialoga intimamente com a tradução, pois desde o seu lançamento, em 1883, vem sendo traduzida para as mais diversas línguas, e adaptada para diferentes formas artísticas. A obra é considerada uma narrativa infantil e fantástica de grande representatividade da literatura italiana do final do século XIX, porém, poucos falam dos relevantes aspectos realísticos, que mantêm uma estreita relação com os elementos fantásticos (CAMBI, 1985; GUERINI, 2009), significativos de um período histórico, econômico e social de muitas dificuldades que marcaram a pós-unificação italiana, o que faz de Pinocchio um símbolo de identidade nacional (ASOR ROSA, 1985). A nossa pesquisa pretende verificar como esses aspectos realísticos, e significativos de um específico momento histórico italiano, foram ressignificados na adaptação fílmica italiana Pinocchio, de Roberto Benigni, lançado em 2002. O conceito de ressignificação remonta ao de ressemantização de Lotman (1982), o qual defende que o texto artístico, enquanto linguagem, tem a função de produzir novos significados. De fato, teóricos da adaptação fílmica como Bazin (1977) e Cattrysse (2014; 1992) reconhecem a importância do filme como um texto que traz suas próprias leituras e visões da obra literária, e, portanto, merece ser compreendido nas suas respectivas particularidades autorais e mercadológicas. Nessa perspectiva, apoiamo-nos na teoria dos polissistemas cinematográfico, de Cattrysse (2014), para compreender o filme como um produto em si. Sendo assim, elementos que são significativos na obra literária como: a ambientação, a figura feminina e a fuga; ao serem traduzidos para a narrativa fílmica serão ressignificados de acordo com as exigências autorais, mercadológicas e de recepção: a ambientação que em Collodi retrata uma denúncia social de pobreza e fome, em Benigni, ambienta um momento histórico, mas sem relevar a denúncia social; a figura feminina é restrita à presença da Fata, na obra literária, Benigni, porém, usa os espaços da narrativa fílmica para inserir a mulher nas mais diversas atividades cotidianas, através da figuração; e o elemento fuga, que permeia toda a obra, será analisado no que definimos a grande fuga, quando Pinocchio recebe as moedas do Mangiafoco até o enforcamento do boneco. Collodi retrata-a de forma dura e violenta, características dos contos infantis de outrora, já Benigni ressignifica-a, utilizando elementos realísticos, mas não tão violentos, já que a narrativa infantil contemporânea procura suavizá-la.