Les vecteurs nanoparticulaires comme systèmes de relargage contrôlé pour des applications vaccinales font l'objet d'intenses recherches, notamment dans le domaine du VIH1. Une approche novatrice consiste à co-administrer des molécules immuno-stimulatrices avec les antigènes d'intérêt, afin d'amplifier le recrutement et l'activation des cellules dendritiques (DCs). Un tel vecteur vaccinal stimulerait l'intensité de la réponse immunitaire et une immunité au niveau des muqueuses vaginales et anales pourrait être obtenue après vaccination. Des nanoparticules de poly(acide lactique) (NP-PLA) ou de chitosane/sulfate de dextrane (NP-CSD) ont été utilisées comme véhicules et adjuvants de protéines du VIH1, gp140 et p24. Le poly(I:C), ligand de TLR3 est la molécule immuno-stimulatrice retenue pour ses propriétés adjuvantes. Les NP-PLA et NP-CSD présentent un potentiel équivalent pour l'adsorption de protéines. Par contre, si les NP-CSD permettent l'adsorption du poly(I:C) (95%), elle est moins reproductible sur les NP-PLA. Pour chaque formulation, la capacité à induire in vitro la maturation des DCs a été évaluée en suivant les marqueurs CD25, CD80, CD83, par cytométrie en flux. L'adsorption de poly(I:C) sur les NP-PLA ou les NP-CSD amplifie les capacités de maturation de ces nanoparticules, un effet synergique étant observé avec les NP-CSD. Nos travaux montrent que la co-adsorption d'un TLR ligand, avec des antigènes protéiques du VIH sur des nanoparticules biodégradables, est possible et confère à la formulation vaccinale un effet immuno-stimulant in vitro. In vivo, les formulations vaccinales contenant du poly(I:C) induisent de très forts taux d'anticorps sériques chez la souris.

The in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA) is an immunoassay that enables directvisualisation of single protein targets or protein interactions in cell or tissue samples. This project revolves around designing and introducing several novel multiplexable components tobe used in conjunction with Olink Bioscience's Duolink product line. In this report, a novel in silico approach to DNA oligomer interaction design is presented. Using this in silico method, a multiplexed system of DNA oligomers has been designed andevaluated using in situ PLA and fluorescence microscopy.

The diagnosis of cancer today is obsolete, depending upon pattern recognition and non-quantifiable data. The time consuming diagnosis is often performed on biopsies, fixed using non standardised procedures, and leaves room for dubious results. The diagnosis is also invasive, exposing patients to risk of infections and discomfort due to the need of tissue samples. The knowledge about changes in protein expression levels related to cancer can instead be utilized to generate a new diagnostic tool. By adapting the in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA) to cells in solution, it is possible to detect proteins, or protein interactions, within cells without the need for tissue samples. Since the method is both highly sensitive and specific, it delivers reliable results. In this report, the in situ PLA method for cells in solution is combined with flow cytometry readout. Hence, a new and less invasive diagnostic tool for cancer, delivering highly accurate high throughput single cell analysis, may be on the rise.

In 1991 Persian Gulf war US has used the innumerable high-tech weapons, not only wins Iraq, but also lets various countries broaden the outlook.Thus it urges various countries military national defense to present the revolutionary change.The massive information technology skill is utilized at the military war, by the information military national defense concept primarily, launched rapidly. Receiveing this military revolution as well as the economic growth and the high-tech industry's rapidly expanding. The PLA starts to impel that it constructs the information troops and develops high-tech weapons systm including space technology. The PLA uses the information warfare to enter each kind of information attack, affect government's effective operation and the society stable without the world consensus pressure. It could relieve Taiwan rapidly and achieves it¡¦s political and the military purpose before other country military interference. This research's discovery is that compareing with mainland China, Taiwan is a highly information society. Facing the PLA¡¦s information menace, we should grasp the information superiority , strengthen the protection work, promot modernization armament, maintain the defense capability effectively and national information security by the outstanding information ability. In oder to achieve the prevention of war and the defense goal, now providing the following suggestion¡G 1¡BSelecting the outstanding talent and promoting the national troops quality. 2¡BExpaning crosswise Military organization and storing up the information defense ability. 3¡BEstablishing information strategy instruction and strengthening all the people defense education. 4¡BConstructing the information security system and establishing the information infrastructure. 5¡BStrengthening the information psychological warfare, the law warfare, sedan chair controversy. 6¡BUsing the folk technical force strengthens national defense whole.

Many automation and power control systems are integrated into the 'Smart Grid' concept for efficiently managing and delivering electric power. This integrated approach created several challenges that need to be taken into consideration such as cyber security issues, information sharing, and regulatory compliance. There are several issues that need to be addressed in the area of cyber security. Currently, there are no metrics for evaluating cyber security and methodologies to detect cyber attacks are in their infancy. There is a perceived lack of security built into the smart grid systems, but there is no mechanism for information sharing on cyber security incidents. In this thesis, we discuss the vulnerabilities in power system devices, and present ideas and a proposal towards multiple-threat system intrusion detection. We propose to test the multiple-threat methods for cyber security monitoring on a multi-laboratory test bed, and aid the development of a SCADA test bed, to be constructed on the Georgia Tech Campus.

當代對於「軍事事務革命」（Revolution in Military Affairs, RMA）之探索源於1970年代的前蘇聯，嗣由美國發揚光大，再於1991年波灣戰後在中共國內掀起討論熱潮。本研究以中共軍方的軍事事務革命論述為客體，首先回顧「軍事事務革命」相關研究之緣起與發展，再從中共軍方公開的論述資料當中，歸納其對於軍事事務革命的認知與觀點，並進而比較評析。 　　本研究發現，中共軍方對軍事事務革命的基本認知與美方相似，惟與美方相較，中共軍方概念中的軍事事務革命顯得包羅寬泛，其對於軍事事務革命之詮釋亦常擴至非軍事層面。此外，中共軍方的相關論述存在著一些弱點，蓋其對軍務革命所需的科技條件過於樂觀與忽略軍事發展的動態性，使之對於軍務革命之發展與未來戰爭型態的研判顯得有欠周延。 / The origin of contemporary research on “Revolution in Military Affairs” (RMA) can be traced back to the former Soviet Union in the 1970's. Later on, it blossomed into a thriving studies in the U.S.. After the Gulf war in 1991, it drew an upsurge of interest in RMA in China. With a focus on the PLA’s researches on RMA, this study firstly reviews the origin and evolution of RMA research, and then will be followed by an analysis of the concepts of RMA as perceived by the PLA. This thesis argues that, the PLA’s RMA concepts are similar to those of the U.S.; nevertheless, in comparison with the American, the PLA’s seem more comprehensive and some even fall beyond the scope of military affairs. Furthermore, there exist flaws in PLA’s RMA concepts, such as the lack of sufficient evidence to support their forecast on the development of RMA and the future warfare.

Södra DuraPulp is a relatively new eco-composite, made from natural wood fibers and polylactic acid (PLA), which comes from corn starch. Until now, there are only few applications for DuraPulp, mainly in the area of design. To find new fields of application, more knowledge about its mechanical material properties are of great interest.This study deals with characterizing the mechanical properties of DuraPulp in an analytical way by means of micromechanical modelling and evaluation with help of Matlab. The mechanical properties for PLA were taken from scientific literature. Not all properties of the wood fibers could be found in literature (particularly Poisson’s ratios were unavailable). Therefore, they partly had to be assumed within reasonable boundaries. These assumptions are later validated regarding their influence on the final product.Figures and tables were used to present and compare the in- and out-of-plane E-Moduli, shear moduli and Poisson’s ratios of DuraPulp. The calculated in-plane E-Moduli were then compared to those obtained from an earlier study, where DuraPulp was tested in tension. The results showed that experimental and analytical values are very similar to each other. / Södra DuraPulp är en relativt ny eco-komposit, tillverkat av naturliga trä fibrer och polylactic syra som kommer från majsstärkelser. I dagsläget finns det få användningsområden för DuraPulp, huvudsakligen används det inom design. För att expandera användningsområdet behövs det mer kunskaper angående de mekaniska egenskaperna för materialet. Studien handlar om att karakterisera de mekaniska egenskaperna för DuraPulp på ett analytiskt sätt i form av mikro-mekanisk modellering och evaluering med hjälp av Matlab. De huvudsakliga mekaniska egenskaperna för PLA kunde hämtas från flera vetenskapliga källor, men de motsvarande mekaniska egenskaperna för fibrer kunde inte alla valideras. Delvis antogs dem i rimliga gränser och deras inverkan validerades med hjälp av en parameter studie.Figurer och tabeller användes för att presentera och jämföra in- och ut-plan E-Moduler, skjuvmoduler och tvärkontraktionstalen av DuraPulp. De beräknade in-plan E-modulerna för DuraPulp jämfördes med motsvarande E-moduler från en tidigare studie där DuraPulp genomgick dragtest. Resultatet visade att analytiska och experimentella värden överensstämmer bra med varandra.

Η παρούσα εργασία αναφέρεται σε νανοσύνθετα βιο-αποικοδομήσιμα οργανικά πολυμερή, με κύρια πολυμερική μήτρα το πολυγαλακτικό οξύ (PLA). Η ερευνητική κοινότητα δείχνει μεγάλο ενδιαφέρον για την χρήση και την ανάπτυξη των βιοδιασπώμενων πολυμερών. Με αυτά αναμένεται να μειωθούν οι επιπτώσεις των πλαστικών υλικών στο περιβάλλον. Στην βιβλιογραφία υπάρχει μεγάλη δραστηριότητα για την ανάλυση του ανθρακικού αποτυπώματος των διασπώμενων πολυμερών. Επίσης, η ερευνητική κοινότητα εστιάζει την προσοχή της και στην μελέτη των ιδιοτήτων των βιοδιασπώμενων πολυμερών. Στο μέλλον αναμένεται να μπορέσουν να χρησιμοποιηθούν σε τομείς που τώρα, λόγω των περιορισμένων μήχανικών τους ιδιοτήτων δεν εφαρμόζονται. Βασικό αντικείμενο μελέτης στην εργασία αυτή ήταν η αλληλεπίδραση οργανικών σφαιρικών νανοσωματιδίων από πολυ(οξικό βινυλεστέρα) με το πολυγαλακτικό οξυ. Για να δημιουργηθεί μια εικόνα της συμπεριφοράς του πολυγαλκατικού οξέος σαν πολυμερική μήτρα, συντέθηκαν και αξιολογήθηκαν μίγματα απο ομοπολυμερή πολυ(οξικού βινυλεστέρα) (PVAc) πολυβινυλικης αλκοόλης (PVOH) και πολυαμιδίου (PA11, PA12). Ύστερα παρασκευάσθηκαν νανοσύνθετα φιλμ απο νανοσωματίδια δικτυωμένου πολυστυρολίου (NPs-PS), δικτυωμένου πολυ(οξικού βινυλεστέρα) (NPs-PVAc) και νανοσωματίδια δικτυωμένης παλυ(βινυλικής αλκοόλης) (με βαθμούς υδρόλυσης H.D.: 100, 50, 48 και 38%). Εν συνεχεία, στην πολυμερική μήτρα απο PLA εισήχθησαν νανοδομές δικτυωμένου πολυ(στυρενοσουλφονικού δεκαέξυλου τριμεθυλαμμωνίου) (PSSAmC16-ΑΝ) σε διάφορες αναλογίες (1, 2, και 5%) και νανοδομημένα δίκτυα δικτυωμένου πολυστυρολίου (PS-NN). Τέλος οι μηχανικές ιδιότητες όλων των φιλμ αξιολογήθηκαν μέσω δοκιμής τάσης-εφελκυσμού και τα μορφολογικά τους χαρακτηριστικά μελετήθηκαν μέσω της ηλεκτρονιακής μικροσκοπίας σάρωσης SEM. / The scientific community shows great interest in the use and development of biodegradable polymers, due to their low impact on the environment. In literature there is plenty of research activity on the analysis of biodegradable polymers in comparison to the CO2 emission during the life cycle of polymer products. The carbon footprint of biodegradable polymers is far smaller than those of conventional polymers. The biodegradable materials are so desirable because these are expected to overcome significant problems such as environmental pollution, waste management issues which are created by plastics, as well as their oil dependence. Thus, the research community is focused on the study of the properties of biodegradable polymers and their potential use in applications where their design is mainly limited by the material's mechanical properties, such as modulus, strength and other characteristic properties of the behavior of the polymers (such as miscibility, optical transparency and barrier properties). In the present work blends of PLA with the homopolymers polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and polyamides (PA11, PA12) were made and the quality of the synthesized films was assessed. In a further step, spherical organic nanoparticles of PS, PVAc (either non-hydrolyzed or hydrolyzed with hydrolysis degree H.D.: 100, 50, 48 and 38%) as well as assymetric nanostructures of polystyrene sulfonate ammonium salt (PSSAmC16-AN) and PS-NN were incorporated into the PLA matrix in various percentages (1, 2, and 5%). Afterwards the mecahanical properties of the blends were evaluated by stress-strain measurements, whereas their morphological characteristics were tested through scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Complexity and variety of systems that are working in real time mode need to be specified regarding all behavior conditions. The correctness of the specification, determines whether implemented system will supply conditions that were set. To ensure that specification of the described real-time system is correct, we have to do verification and validation of the specification. Traditional verification methods do not assure full real time system inspection. The main drawback, talking about them, is impossibility of system evaluation according time. In this paper a reachable states graph and its generating algorithms are described, while two time moments are compared using linear programming, Simplex method. Therefore, method for checking equivalent state in system behavioral pathway was suggested. Also, theoretical reasoning for creating computer applications, which automates generation of reachable states graph, is given. Reachable states graph fully evaluates real time system behavior.

L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de fournir une étude systématique et détaillée des propriétés de mélanges de PLA et de PHA préparés à l'état fondu. En particulier, le comportement rhéologique, la miscibilité, la morphologie, les propriétés mécaniques et l'influence du vieillissement physique sur les propriétés en traction des mélanges PLA/PHBV réalisés en mélangeur interne et par extrusion bi-vis sur toute la gamme de composition ont été étudiés.La sensibilité du PHBV à la dégradation thermique a été mise en évidence, ainsi que l'importance des interfaces entre le PLA et le PHBV sur le comportement rhéologique aux basses fréquences. Les analyses de calorimétrie différentielle à balayage ont montré l'immiscibilité des deux polymères. Deux types de morphologies distinctes (nodulaire et co-continue) selon la composition de mélange ont été observées par microscopie électronique à balayage et microscopie optique en réflexion. La résistance au choc des mélanges PLA/PHBV avec et sans modifiant choc a été étudiée et les propriétés en traction de différents mélanges de PLA avec du PHBV, du Lotader GMA ou du PBAT ont été caractérisées. L'ajout d'une faible quantité de phase dispersée dans la matrice de PLA, initialement fragile, permet d'augmenter considérablement son allongement à la rupture. Cependant, les propriétés ductiles obtenues diminuent avec le temps écoulé entre la mise en forme des échantillons et leur test mécanique. Une étude de l'influence du vieillissement physique sur les propriétés des mélanges à base de PLA a donc été réalisée et un modèle qualitatif a été proposé.