Notre démarche de recherche souhaite se positionner au regard des débats contemporains en sciences sociales autour de la mobilité (KAUFMANN, VIARD, LEVY, LUSSAULT, URRY, STOCK) et plus particulièrement de la mobilité récréative (MIT, MICHEL, REAU, COUSIN, DEWAILLY, BOURDEAU, CHRISTIN). Ce positionnement nous amène à nous inscrire au sein d'une géographie culturelle considérée parfois comme ayant pris un tournant sociologique (STASZAK, 2004). En suivant l'agencement chronologique proposé dans ce manuscrit, le lecteur découvrira en premier lieu une présentation des enjeux théoriques induits par la prise en compte des pratiques récréatives en mouvement. Le premier chapitre propose de cerner les mutations des rapports entre société et mobilités au sens large et de réfléchir à l'apport de la postmodernité pour mieux les saisir. Le second chapitre resserre quant à lui l'analyse sur une notion et une pratique particulière : l'itinérance. A travers une approche géo-culturelle, l'intention donnée à ce chapitre est d'en saisir les contours et l'intérêt au regard des notions existantes pour aborder les pratiques récréatives. La deuxième étape souhaite positionner l'itinérance (pédestre) dans le champ des pratiques récréatives : quelle place et quels apports ? Pour cela, le troisième chapitre dresse un panorama des enjeux heuristiques présents dans le champ du tourisme en faisant état des différents positionnements de recherche possibles et des notions en émergence. Le chapitre quatre, à travers l'analyse des récits d'expériences d'itinérants pédestres, souhaite valider l'apport du post-tourisme pour saisir les arrangements proposés par ces pratiques. Ce parcours, lorsqu'il est suivi de manière linéaire, se termine par une partie entièrement consacrée à la GTA et son positionnement dans le champ des pratiques récréatives, et plus particulièrement dans le "millefeuille" de l'itinérance récréative : s'agit-il d'une alternative pour l'aménagement et le tourisme alpin ou d'une forme moderne du tourisme itinérant ? Pour y répondre, le chapitre cinq analyse la singularité de l'association dans le paysage alpin à l'échelle française comme à l'échelle européenne. Le chapitre 6 établit l'idée que la GTA est une structure de l'entre-deux à la fois gestionnaire d'itinéraires et animatrice d'une filière. / Our research approach is a contribution related to the contemporary social sciences debate around mobility (KAUFMANN, VIARD, LEVY, LUSSAULT, URRY, STOCK) and especially recreational mobility (MIT, MICHEL, REAU, COUSIN, DEWAILLY, BOURDEAU, CHRISTIN). Therefore our field of work is cultural geography, sometimes seen as having taken a sociological turn (STASZAK, 2004). Following the chronological order of this manuscript, the reader will first encounter a presentation of the theoretical issues linked to the consideration of recreational practices “in motion”. The first chapter aims at identifying the mutations of the relationships between society and mobility in a broad sense, and reflecting about the input of post modernity in order to apprehend them better. The second chapter focuses the analysis on a specific notion and practice: “itinérance”, i.e. recreational travel. The aim of this chapter is to identify its outline and interest, through a geo-cultural approach basing on the existing notions to study recreational practices. In a second stage, recreational travel (on foot) is positioned within the area of recreational activities: which place and which contributions? To that effect the third chapter sets out a panorama of heuristic issues in the field of tourism, presenting the various possible research approaches and emerging notions. The fourth chapter, through the analysis of experience accounts of walkers, aims at validating the input of post-tourism in order to apprehend the compromise linked to these practices. When followed in a linear way, this route ends with a part entirely dedicated to GTA and its integration in the field of recreational practices, and especially in the “layer cake” of recreational travel: is it an alternative for territorial development and alpine tourism or a modern form of travelling tourism? In order to provide an answer, chapter five analyses the singularity of this association in the alpine landscape both at the French and European levels. Chapter 6 establishes the idea that GTA is a structure of the in-between, both manager of tourist routes and coordinator of an activity chain.

The master thesis deals with smart metering implementation project proposal for the selected location in the gas industry. Methodology of project management is used for creating of the IPMA.

The thesis deals with the application of the project management during the implementation of the ERP system Microsoft Dynamics AX in a selected company. First part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical knowledge of this area. Second part of the thesis is an analysis of the current state of the chosen company. The third main part responses to detected problems with the information system, based on previous analysis and using the methods of the project management.

Tiriamajame darbe apžvelgiami kaimo plėtros žemėtvarkos projektų ūkininko sodybos formavimui rengimo ypatumai: teisinė bazė, rengimo darbai, dažniausiai pasitaikančios problemos. Ūkininkų ūkio sodybų formavimas – supaprastintas ir vienintelis būdas (nekeičiant žemės paskirties) statyti statinius žemės ūkio paskirties žemėje. Nuodugnus kaimo plėtros žemėtvarkos projektų ūkininko sodybos formavimui proceso ištyrimas leistų būsimiems ūkininko sodybų įkūrėjams tiksliai suplanuoti išlaidas, bei laiko sąnaudas iki ūkininko sodybos galutinio įregistravimo. Analizei pasirinktas Trakų rajonas, todėl atlikta Vilniaus apskrityje, Trakų rajone, Grinapolio kaime esančio žemės ūkio paskirties sklypo kaimo plėtros žemėtvarkos projekto (ūkininko sodybos formavimui) rengimo analizė. Pateikiama informacija apie žemės sklypą, jo geografinė padėtis, išanalizuoti kaimo plėtros žemėtvarkos projektų parengiamieji bei planavimo darbai, sprendinių brėžinio braižymo ir bylos sudarymo ypatumai. / Peculiarities of land management projects (for farmer‘s farm formation) are beeing overviewed in this study. Analysis of law basis, arrangement proceedings, frequently arised problems are chosen as the main course. Country planning project (for farmer‘s farm formation) is the simplified and the only one way (inconverting the land purpose) to build buildings on the land for agricultural purpose. In-depth analisis of country planning project as a process and presentation of it‘s results for the future farmers would allow them to precisely calculate the amount of time and money expences from the beginning of the process till the final registration of the farmer‘s farm. Trakai district is beeing analysed in this article - for this reason land managment project (for farmer‘s farm formation) of rural land area in Grinapolis country, Trakai district, Vilnius region is chosen for the in-depth analysis. Information about land area, it‘s geographical position is beeing overwieved. All the preparational and planning proceedings, drawing of the solutions scheme and peculiarities of the full file formation are beeing investigated and presented in this study.

The master´s thesis deals with implementation of ERP system in the company using project management methods. The theoretical part is focused on the most important areas of project management and the essence of ERP systems. Afterwards there are carried out strategic analysis of the company. The main part of thesis contains the specific proposal of project of implementation of ERP system which includes risk analysis, time analysis and budgeting.

La terminologie, telle quelle se pratique au Québec depuis une cinquantaine d'années, s'inscrit dans un projet d'aménagement linguistique qui vise à faire du français la langue d'utilisation commune sur le territoire québécois. La mise en œuvre de ce projet a été confiée à l'Office québécois de la langue française. Dans le cadre de la présente thèse, nous évaluons l'influence de l'aménagement linguistique sur l'orientation des travaux de terminologie à l'Office québécois de la langue française de 1961 à 2004. Notre objectif principal est de montrer que le projet d'aménagement linguistique a engendré une intense activité terminologique à la suite de l'adoption de diverses lois linguistiques au cours des cinquante dernières années. Plus précisément, nous analysons l'impact de ces lois sur le développement de la pratique de la terminologie. Pour ce faire, nous avons proposé six périodes qui caractérisent les travaux de terminologie de l'Office québécois de la langue française de 1961 à 2004. À l'intérieur de ces six périodes, nous analysons les mandats que les lois linguistiques ont confiés à l'Office et leurs répercussions sur l'orientation de ses travaux terminologiques. À l'instar de la problématique que nous avons esquissée au début de cette thèse, les résultats de notre recherche révèlent que la pratique de la terminologie est liée au projet de société que le Québec s'est donné pour assurer la défense du français sur son territoire. En outre, l'adoption des lois linguistiques a favorisé le développement de la pratique de la terminologie. Cette pratique a évolué en fonction des différents mandats confiés à l'Office québécois de la langue française qui a mis au point une méthodologie de travail en terminologie. C'est dans le cadre de l'aménagement linguistique que la terminologie s'est développée au Québec et qu'elle est devenue l'instrument clé de la mise en œuvre du projet d'aménagement linguistique québécois. / Terminology, as practiced in Québec for the past fifty years, has been part of a language-planning project to make French the common language of communication throughout the province. The implementation of the project was entrusted to the Office québécois de la langue française. This thesis looks at how language planning and policies have influenced the practice of the terminology at the Office québécois de la langue française from 1961 to 2004. The main objective is to demonstrate that the language-planning project generated intense terminology activity as a result of the language laws adopted over the past fifty years. The analysis focuses more specifically on the impact of this legislation on the development of the practice of terminology. Six periods are identified for the purpose of characterizing the terminology work done by the Office québécois de la langue française from 1961 to 2004. For each of the six periods, the legislated mandates of the Office and their repercussions on its terminology operations are analyzed. Like the situation described at the beginning of this thesis, the research findings show the links between the practice of terminology and Québec’s social policy in defence of the French language. In fact, the language legislation fostered developments in the practice of the terminology. This practice and the terminology work method developed by the Office québécois de la langue française were honed according to the various mandates assigned to the Office. Québec’s language policy provided a framework in which terminology developed and became a key instrument for the province’s language-planning project.

This thesis is focused on the project management methods within planning project of creation visual identity with photographing the products and creation of the web graphic for customer. Except the planning of project the thesis also analyzes current situation and decides whether the project is suitable for realisation. Thesis also includes teoretical background required for understanding this issue. The result of this thesis can be used as a basis for realization of the project.

「國民中小學組織再造及人力規劃試辦方案」政策主要是為了配合九年一貫 課程實施，重視學校本位課程，期透過總量員額管制、調整國民小學組織與人力架構，促進教學與行政責任，期能減輕教師教學及行政負擔，並發揮教育經費使用效益。本研究旨在瞭解臺北市國民小學參與國民小學組織再造與人力試辦規劃方案實施情形與成效、探討臺北市國民小學教師對於國民中小學組織再造與人力規劃試辦方案之認知程度與支持度、瞭解臺北市國民小學教師對於學校滿意度與學校組織規劃之意見。採用文件分析法與問卷調查法二種研究方法。研究者蒐集臺北市國民小學參與「中小學組織再造及人力規劃試辦方案」之相關文件資料，並自編「臺北市國民小學學校組織再造調查問卷」，受試者包括臺北市92至95學年度參與試辦方案之9所國民小學及未參與試辦方案之9所國民小學，普查該18所國民小學之1,000名教師，可用問卷回收率達70.6﹪。茲根據研究所得，做成結論如下。 壹、臺北市參與試辦方案之國民小學為提升學校效能等因素參與試辦後，由試辦小組進行宣導、規劃試辦與檢討，雖面臨配套措施尚未健全等困難，但以各種組織再造策略，期許達成預定目標。 貳、臺北市參與試辦方案之國民小學教師對於試辦成果普遍表示肯定滿意與支持，除達成教育部與臺北市政府教育局之四項預期目標外，並獲得學校成員、家長與學生之高度肯定。 參、臺北市國民小學教師對於國民中小學組織再造與人力規劃試辦方案認知情形屬中等程度。 肆、不同性別、年齡、服務年資、最高學歷、現任職務、學校規模、學校地區、學校校齡、參與方案與否之臺北市國民小學教師對試辦方案認知情形達顯著差異。 伍、臺北市國民小學教師對於國民中小學組織再造與人力規劃試辦方案支持度屬中上程度，且最支持「總量員額管制，彈性調整處室編制」。 陸、不同性別、服務年資、學歷、現任職務與學校地區的臺北市國民小學教師對國民中小學組織再造與人力規劃試辦方案支持度達顯著差異。 柒、臺北市國民小學教師對於組織再造試辦方案整體認知程度與支持度相關情形 達顯著。 捌、臺北市國民小學教師對於「學校整體滿意度」屬中上程度。 玖、不同職務、學校規模、學校地區、學校校齡、參與試辦方案與否之臺北市國民小學教師對學校現況滿意度達顯著差異。 拾、臺北市國民小學教師強烈贊同「部分行政工作可視性質改由『一般行政』或『教育行政』專長之職員擔任，如總務處主任與組長」；同時贊成「學校控留部分教師員額改聘兼任人員」，並相當支持「與教學無關之行政工作採勞務外包」等組織員額彈性規劃之作法。 拾壹、五成以上臺北市國民小學教師同意小幅度調整學校組織架構。 茲根據以上結論，提出教育行政機關與學校執行「國民中小學組織再造與人力規劃試辦方案」之建議如下。 壹、參與試辦方案學校實施成效良好，參與試辦學校數量值得逐年增加，教育部可考慮持續擴大試辦。 貳、安排訪視活動、舉辦成果發表會或成立校際策略聯盟，以瞭解學校試辦情形並分享交流經驗，以利檢討改進。 參、採取漸進式的學校組織再造，小幅度調整行政組織結構。 肆、調整不同學校規模之人員編制或擴大學校行政人員編制。 伍、妥適善用校內外人力資源並控留部分教師員額改聘兼任、代課、教學支援人員。 陸、非屬教學專業之固定項目委外辦理，由教育行政機關統一發包。 柒、依據學校特色與需求，彈性規劃整體組織再造及人力調整，並持續檢討改進。 捌、持續宣導與溝通組織再造與人力規劃試辦方案，並加強特定族群之宣傳，由下而上建立共識，擴大組織再造參與層面。 玖、教育行政機關在法令與經費上提供相關配套措施，增加學校的執行力與行動力。 拾、組織再造與人力規劃試辦方案的推動應由組織結構的調整邁向組織文化的 重塑。 拾壹、對未來研究的建議。 / “The Organization Restructuring and Human Resource Planning Project of the Elementary and Secondary School” policy is a complement to the implementation of Grade 1-9 Curriculum. It emphasizes school-based curriculum and hopes to expand the responsibility of teaching and administration, to alleviate the loads of teaching and administration, and to improves the costs-benefits of educational budgets through total personnel control and adjustment of elementary and secondary schools’ organization and human resource structure. The purposes of this study were to realize the implementation and effectiveness of the organization restructuring and human resource planning project of elementary and secondary schools in Taipei, to investigate the level of cognition and support of this project from the teachers of elementary schools in Taipei, and to understand their satisfaction levels toward school and their opinion regarding organization planning of schools. The research methods used in this study were document analysis and questionnaires. The researcher collected relevant documents regarding this project from elementary schools in Taipei and designed “The Organization Restructuring Questionnaire of Elementary Schools in Taipei”. The participants included 9 participating elementary schools and 9 non-participating elementary schools in Taipei from the academic year of 92 to 95. The questionnaires were sent to 1000 teachers from this 18 elementary schools. The valid rate of return is 70.6 %. The results of this study were as follows: 1.Due to the reasons of being appointed from the educational department, considering the needs of the schools, improving school effectiveness, and activizing school human resources, the elementary schools in Taipei which participating in this project first formed a committee to promote, plan, and evaluate.Although facing the difficulties of immature conceptualization and the void of corresponding interventions, five restructuring strategies including adjusting organization structure, re-designing job duties, re-allocating human resources, teaming the task forces ,and simplifying operation process were used. In addition to attain the four expected goals of the Ministry of Education, it was also hoped that certain goals regarding administration management, organization structure, teaching , learning, and parents’ service were be achieved. 2.The elementary teachers participating in this project expressed general satisfaction and support toward the results. Besides the four expected goals from The Ministry of Education and Taipei City Government Educational Department, highly recognition from the staff, parents and students were acquired. 3.The elementary school teachers in Taipei expressed medium cognition level toward this project. 4.There were significant differences in the cognition level toward this project between gender, age, seniority, education background, position, school scale, school area, and participation or not of the elementary school teachers in Taipei. 5.The elementary school teachers in Taipei expressed medium to high support level toward this project and support “total personnel control and flexibly adjust the organization of units” the most. 6.There were significant differences in the support level toward this project between different gender, seniority educational background, position, and school areas of the elementary school teachers in Taipei. 7.There was significant positive correlation between the cognition level and support level toward this project of the elementary school teachers in Taipei. 8.The elementary school teachers in Taipei expressed a medium to high satisfaction level toward “the general satisfaction of school”. 9.There were significant differences in the satisfaction level toward the present status of school between different position, school scale, school area, school history, and participation or not of the elementary school teachers in Taipei. 10.The elementary school teachers in Taipei strongly agreed that: (1)Some of the administration work can be took by staffs with normal administration specialty or educational administration specialty ; (2)School maintained certain personnel quatos and hire part-time employees . (3)Outsourcing the non-teaching relevant administration work. 11.Half of the elementary school teachers in Taipei agreed small-scale school organization restructuring. According to the above results, suggestions were provided to the administration institutions and schools which participated in the project: 1.The school participating in the project had good performance. Therefore, the Ministry of Education could consider expanding the participation to more schools gradually. 2.In order to share the experience and to benefit improvement, it is suggested to arrange visiting activities, to hold a results presentation, or to establish strategic alliances between schools. 3.Proceed school restructuring gradually and have small-scale administrative organization restructure. 4.Adjust the staffing of different school scales and expand the staffing of school administration personnel. 5.Using the human resources outside from the school more properly and maintain the teacher quotas to employ part-time, substitute teacher or teaching-supportive staff. 6.Outsourcing the non-teaching items through educational administration institutions. 7.According to the characteristics and demands of the schools, plan organization structure and human resources adjustment flexibly and evaluation continuously. 8.Promote and communicate the project continuously and reinforce the advertising to specific audience in order to expand the scope of organization restructuring. 9.In order to increase the execution of schools, educational administration institutions should provide corresponding interventions in laws and budgets. 10.The promotion of the organization restructuring and human resource planning project should move from the adjustment of organization structure to the re-shaping of organizational culture. 11.The recommendation to future research.

This thesis deals with project management and how software can support it. In first part the problems and characteristics of project management is stressed as well as theoretical basics with focus on software development projects. Comparison of the available tools as project management aid is also touched. Objective of this thesis is to create such a project management aid tool by detailed analysis, design and implementation. The system has been implemented in programming language C#, the database layer is Microsoft SQL. End the end of the thesis the summary of the achieved results and possible future extensions of the project management tool can be found.