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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas associadas à diferentes doses de fertilização nitrogenada na cultura do trigo / Plant growth promoting bactéria associated with different doses of nitrogen fertilization on wheat crop

Souza, Aline Kelly Pomini de 25 February 2016 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Kelly Pomini de Souza.pdf: 1804826 bytes, checksum: d87df5227a66ab496298a79ceeb8b614 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Produce wheat competitive and sustainable manner is one of the main challenges of agriculture, because the culture demands a high amount of nitrogen, this element with high cost of obtaining. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability to promote growth of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) previously isolated from forest areas with different types of soil inoculated by seeds, in wheat plants and the effect of the use of nitrogen fertilizers in the plant-bacteria association. The experiment was been conducted in a randomized block design in a factorial 3 x 7 with four replications. The first factor was composed of 3 doses of nitrogen fertilizer 0; 45 and 90 kg ha-1. The second factor was been formed by the absence of inoculation (control), and inoculation by seeds with the isolates: UFPRPALT2-24, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, UFPRPALM1-131, Ensifer adhaerens, Burkholderia ambifaria and standard strain AbV5 (Azospirillum brasilense), registered in the Ministry of Agriculture. During the experiment were measured the length of plants and chlorophyll content (SPAD). At the flowering stage were measured morphometric and physiological variables (gas exchange and SPAD), and in the end of the crop cycle the production components. Data were been subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis used for the length of plants and the SPAD index. For the other variables, the averages were been compared by Tukey test at 5% probability of error. For the averages of morphometric analyzes performed at the stage of flowering and maturity was conducted Pearson's correlation and generated groupings of treatments by the methods of Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) and Tocher. The morphometric analyzes in the flowering stage was a significant difference in length of plants and number of viable tillers, to the isolated factor. Given the interaction of the factors tested, the significant interaction was observed for: mass of dry matter leaves, mass of dry matter stem, mass of dry matter ears, mass of dry matter of roots and length of ears. In the analysis of gas exchange there was a significant difference for internal CO2 concentration (Ci). Components of production, there was a significant interaction for: ear length, root - aerial part relationship, harvest index, number of grains and grain yield. Pearson's correlation were found 45 correlations, highlighting the relationship of SPAD index, ear length and harvest index, because the chlorophyll content be related to photosynthesis. The groups was observed that the treatments with no inoculation by both UPGMA, and Tocher remained in the same group, separate from treatments that stood out. Given the results exposed, it can being concluded that the bacteria used showed satisfactory results in the development of the wheat crop in combination with nitrogen and compared to Azospirillum brasilense, similar or higher behavior was observed / Produzir trigo de forma competitiva e sustentável tornou-se um dos principais desafios da agricultura, visto que a cultura demanda grande quantidade de nitrogênio, elemento este com alto custo de obtenção. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (BPCP) previamente isoladas de áreas de mata com diferentes tipos de solo, inoculadas via sementes, em plantas de trigo e o efeito do uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados na associação planta-bactéria. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 7 com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator foi composto por 3 doses de fertilizante nitrogenado 0; 45 e 90 kg ha-1. O segundo fator foi formado pela ausência de inoculação (controle), e inoculação via sementes com os isolados: UFPRPALT2-24, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, UFPRPALM1-131, Ensifer adhaerens, Burkholderia ambifaria e a estirpe padrão AbV5 (Azospirillum brasilense), registrada no Ministério da Agricultura. Durante o experimento foram mensurados o comprimento de plantas e teor de clorofila (índice SPAD). No estádio de florescimento foram mensuradas variáveis morfométricas e fisiológicas (trocas gasosas e SPAD), e ao final do ciclo da cultura os componentes da produção. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância, sendo utilizada análise de regressão para o comprimento de plantas e índice SPAD. Para as demais variáveis, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade de erro. Para as médias das análises morfométricas realizadas no estádio de florescimento e maturação foi realizada a correlação de Pearson e gerados agrupamentos dos tratamentos pelos métodos do Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) e Tocher. Das análises morfométricas realizadas no estádio de florescimento foi verificada diferença significativa para comprimento de plantas e número de perfilhos viáveis, para o fator isolado. Diante da interação dos fatores testados, a interação significativa foi verificada para: massa de matéria seca de folhas, massa de matéria seca de colmo, massa de matéria seca de espigas, massa de matéria seca de raízes e comprimento de espigas. Nas análises de trocas gasosas verificou-se diferença significativa para concentração interna de CO2 (Ci). Dos componentes da produção, houve interação significativa para: comprimento de espigas, relação raiz-parte aérea, índice de colheita, número de grãos e massa de grãos. Da correlação de Pearson foram verificadas 45 correlações, destacando a relação do índice SPAD, comprimento de espigas e índice de colheita, devido o teor de clorofila estar relacionado com a fotossíntese. Dos agrupamentos foi verificado que os tratamentos com ausência de inoculação tanto pelo UPGMA, quanto por Tocher permaneceram em um mesmo grupo, separados dos tratamentos que se destacaram. Diante dos resultados expostos, pode-se concluir que as bactérias utilizadas apresentaram resultados satisfatórios no desenvolvimento da cultura do trigo em associação com o nitrogênio e em comparação ao Azospirillum brasilense, foi verificado comportamento similar ou superior
12

Desempenho de genótipos de trigo associados com Herbaspirillum seropedicae em relação à fixação biológica de nitrogênio e promoção do crescimento vegetal / Performance of wheat genotypes associated with Herbaspirillum seropedicae in relation to biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion

Neiverth, Adeline 11 July 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adeline Neiverth.pdf: 1649092 bytes, checksum: d7d182e371115519785a39ebe6e95aee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Wheat is the most important staple food of the world. The increase in grains productivity and protein content is correlated to increase inorganic nitrogen absorption. Usually, urea is the most convenient source of N2, but, it causes the increase in crops costs beyond injuries to the environment. The BNF realized by diazotrophics bacteria is an alternative to supplement or replace the nitrogen fertilizers and promote plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Brazilian wheat genotypes for PCV( plant promoter growth) and BNF by association between diazotrophic bacteria (H. seropedicae SmR1) and wheat cultivars under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. In in vitro experiment, eight wheat plantlets of 8 genotypes were tested in tubes with liquid culture medium and these were co-cultured for 7 days with 107 cells.mL-1. As control plantlets without inoculum under the same conditions were used. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 8 factorial with 3 repetitions. We analyzed the fresh mass of roots, fresh and dry weight of shoots, total nitrogen (TN) content of NH4 +, microbial counting (CFU), glutamine synthetase activity (GS), the morphology of the roots by microscopy and molecular analysis of epiphytic and endophytic bacteria recovered after co-cultivation. In the greenhouse, it was planted five wheat genotypes. The seeds were placed in pots with 4.5 kg of soil under four treatments: 1 - Control 2 - Addition of N as urea (142 kg ha-1 of N) 3 - Addition of inoculum containing H. seropedicae (106 cells.mL-1) (Hs) and 4 - Addition of inoculum containing urea + H. seropedicae (N + Hs). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 5 x 4 with 5 repetitions. The fresh mass of roots, fresh and dry weight of shoots, NT, NH4 + content and GS activity were evaluated. As agronomic parameters were evaluated the whole plant mass at the end of the phenological cycle, yield per plant and weight of 100 seeds.As results in vitro, it was observed the presence of epiphytic bacteria on the roots of all genotypes and the presence of endophytic bacteria in genotypes CD 105, CD 108, CD 111, CD 117, CD 120. There was a sharp increase of root hairs in the genotypes CD 105, CD 117, CD 119 and CD120. The cultivars CD 105 and CD 120 by the presence of endophytic bacteria showed an increase of root hairs, probably it may be the most promising for a response of BNF. The levels of NH4 +, NT and GS in the roots were not decisive for in vitro plant growth promotion. The results obtained in the greenhouse showed significant interactions among parameters, although there were were not crucial for the definition of a specific genotype which answers to the interaction. However, there was a contribution to be further studied, where the CD 120 cultivar showed evidence of association with response to the bacterium and possible occurrence of the BNF. There was no negative effect of inoculation to plants. Additional studies are needed to get answers about the interactions of these genotypes with diazotrophic bacteria related to BNF and plant growth promotion / Os fertilizantes nitrogenados são fontes convenientes de nitrogênio para a cultura de trigo, porém geram altos custos e podem ser poluentes. A fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) é uma fonte alternativa de nitrogênio por meio das bactérias diazotráficas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de genótipos de trigo brasileiros para a FBN e promoção do crescimento vegetal (PCV) associados com a bactéria diazotrófica H. seropedicae SmR1, sob condições in vitro e em casa de vegetação. Nas condições in vitro, colocou-se plântulas de 8 genótipos de trigo em tubos de ensaio com meio de cultura líquido, co-cultivadas durante 7 dias com 107células de bactéria.mL-1. O mesmo número de plântulas foi mantido nas mesmas condições, porém sem inóculo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, num esquema fatorial 8 x 2 com 3 repetições. Analisou-se a massa fresca de raízes, massa fresca e seca de parte aérea, o nitrogênio total (NT), conteúdo de amônio (NH4+), contagem microbiana (UFC), Glutamina sintetase (GS), a morfologia das raízes por microscopia e análise molecular das bactérias endofíticas e epifíticas recuperadas após co-cultivo. Em casa de vegetação, foram avaliados 5 genótipos de trigo, onde o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado num esquema fatorial 5 x 4 com 5 repetições, onde: 1 Testemunha; 2 Adição de N na forma de ureia, 142 kg ha-1 de N; 3 Adição de inóculo contendo H. seropedicae, 106 celulas por semente (Hs) e 4 Adição de ureia + inóculo (N+Hs). Avaliaram-se a massa fresca de raízes, massa fresca e seca de parte aérea, o NT, conteúdo de NH4+ e a atividade da GS. Como parâmetros agronômicos avaliaram-se a massa da planta inteira no final do ciclo fenológico, produção por planta e massa de 100 grãos. Como resultados, observou-se in vitro a presença de bactérias epifíticas nas raízes de todos os genótipos e presença de bactérias endofíticas não foi verificada nos genótipos CD 104, CD 119 e CD 150. Verificou-se um aumento acentuado de pêlos radiculares nos genótipos CD 105, CD 117, CD 119 e CD120. As cultivares CD 105 e CD 120 pela presença da bactéria endofiticamente associado com o aumento de pêlos radiculares, podem ser as mais promissoras para uma resposta da FBN. As plântulas inoculadas apresentaram senescência precoce. Os níveis de NH4+, GS e NT nas raízes não foram determinantes para a promoção do crescimento vegetal. Os resultados obtidos em casa de vegetação demonstram que, apesar de ter havido interações significativas, os parâmetros não foram determinantes para a definição de um genótipo que apresentasse uma resposta conclusiva a respeito da interação benéfica entre genótipo COODETEC e H. seropedicae. No entanto, observou-se uma contribuição a ser mais bem estudada, onde a cultivar CD 120 mostrou indícios de resposta à associação com a bactéria e possível ocorrência da FBN. Não foi observado nenhum efeito negativo da inoculação às plantas. Estudos complementares são necessários para obter respostas quanto às interações destes genótipos com estas bactérias diazotróficas, no processo de colonização, da FBN e da PCV
13

Bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio associadas a plantas de cana-de-açúcar cultivadas em Pernambuco / Nitrogen fixing bacteria associated with plants of sugar cane cultivated in Pernambuco

LIMA, Danúbia Ramos Moreira de 24 February 2012 (has links)
Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-04T12:28:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Danubia Ramos Moreira de Lima.pdf: 2018961 bytes, checksum: 28f049e2a7315cb47c8a752dac394717 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-04T12:28:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danubia Ramos Moreira de Lima.pdf: 2018961 bytes, checksum: 28f049e2a7315cb47c8a752dac394717 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The sugar cane (Saccharum spp.) Culture is a widely distributed and is currently scattered across all continents, with the main world producer Brazil. Given the continued growth and expansion of the agricultural culture of sugar cane in Brazil, productive development should occur in parallel with agricultural techniques aimed at the economic viability and to minimize the degradability of the environment, such as the use of microrganisms that promote plant growth. In this context, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) has emerged as an option to use in production systems. Objectives of the study was to diazotrophs isolate, estimate the density population, linagens Identify the bacterial genetic diversity assess bacterial culturable and unculturable by the techniques of BOX-PCR and DGGE of 16S rRNA and nifH genes, functionally characterize the bacterial isolates for the production of indole acetic acid, inorganic phosphate solubilization, production of quorum sensing, isolates selecting to promote plant growth and evaluate their interaction with plants of sugar cane in a greenhouse.To do this, first, samples were collected from two varieties (RB92579 and RB867515) of sugar cane at the Estação Experimental de cana-de-açúcar de Carpina, PE, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, these were isolated potentially fixing bacteria N2. After isolation and selection of N2-fixing bacterial strains was relization functional characterization for the production of indole acetic acid (IAA), phosphate solubilization index (SI), production the quorum sensing (QS) and evaluated genetic variability through technical of BOX-PCR and PCR-DGGE for 16S rRNA. Ten bacterial isolates were selected for reinoculation wheels in two varieties of sugar cane grown in the greenhouse. Results was evident in the high and variable functionality for the BNF, AIA, IS and QS production. Regardless of the technique used to study the genetic variability was observed for the high genetic diversity of bacteria from the rhizosphere and roots of ratoon cane varieties RB92579 and RB867515 cultivated in Pernambuco. Reinoculation of bacterial strains in sugar cane has been shown that some bacteria benefit the development of plants in relation to control plants. / A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) é uma cultura amplamente distribuída e atualmente dispersa em todos os continentes, tendo como principal produtor mundial o Brasil. Diante da ampliação e contínuo crescimento agrícola da cultura da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, o desenvolvimento produtivo deve ocorrer em paralelo com técnicas agrícolas que visem a viabilidade econômica e que minimizem a degradabilidade do meio ambiente, como por exemplo, o uso de micro-organismos que promovam o crescimento vegetal. Neste contexto, a fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) desponta como uma opção de uso nos sistemas produtivos. Diante do exposto, os objetivos do trabalho foi isolar bactérias diazotróficas, estimar a densidade populacional, identicar as linagens bacterianas, avaliar a diversidade genética bacteriana cultivável e não cultivável por meio das técnicas de BOX-PCR e DGGE dos genes 16S rRNA e nifH, caracterizar funcionalmente os isolados bacterianos para a produção do ácido indol acético, solubilização de fosfato inorgânico, produção de quorum sensing, selecionar isolados promissores para a promoção do crescimento vegetal e avaliar sua interação com plantas de cana-de-açúcar em casa de vegetação. Para tal, primeiramente, foram coletadas amostras de duas variedades (RB 92579 e RB 867515) de cana-de-açúcar da Estação Experimental de Cana-de-Açúcar de Carpina, PE, da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, destas foram isoladas bactérias potencialmente fixadoras de N2. Após o isolamento e seleção das linhagens bacterianas fixadoras de N2 foi relizado a caracterização funcional para produção do ácido indol acético (AIA), índice de solubilização de fosfato (IS), produção da molécula quorum sensing (QS) e avaliada variabilidade genética através da técnica de BOX-PCR e PCR-DGGE para o gene 16S rRNA e nifH. As bactérias foram identificados por análise da seqüência parcial do 16S rDNA. Dez isolados bacterianos foram selecionados para a reinoculação em rebolos de duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar, cultivadas em casa de vegetação. Nos resultados obtidos foi evidente a elevada e variável funcionalidade para a FBN, AIA, IS e produção de QS. Independente da técnica utilizada para o estudo da variabilidade genética foi observado elevada diversidade genética para as bactérias oriundas da rizosfera e de raízes de cana soca das variedades RB92579 e RB867515 cultivadas em Pernambuco. Na reinoculação de linhagens bacterianas em cana-de-açúcar foi evidenciado que algumas bactérias beneficiam o desenvolvimento das plantas em relação às plantas controle.
14

Análises da expressão de genes do sistema de secreção na interação Methylobacterium mesophilicum SR 1.6/6 com a planta hospedeira. / Gene expression analysis of secretion system during interaction of Methylobacterium mesophilicum SR 1.6/6 with the host plant.

Jennifer Katherine Salguero Londoño 02 February 2016 (has links)
O gênero Methylobacterium é composto por bactérias de coloração rósea, metilotróficas e que podem colonizar endofiticamente a planta. Algumas espécies deste gênero são capazes de promover o crescimento vegetal e reduzir o ataque de fitopatógenos. A linhagem de M. mesophilicum SR1.6/6 foi isolada de ramos de citros e devido a sua interação com a planta hospedeira e com patógenos associados a planta, tem sido foco vários trabalhos. Os sistemas de secreção e as bombas de efluxo podem estar envolvidos na modulação das interações de bactérias endofíticas com seus ambientes. Assim, neste estudo foi analisada a composição dos exsudatos produzidos pelas plantas de milho e citros na interação com a SR1.6/6 por GC-MS, foi realizada a reanotação de genes relacionados ao sistema de secreção e bombas de efluxo e foi avaliada a expressão de alguns genes destes sistemas na interação com Zea mays e Citrus sinensis por qPCR. Foram encontrados sistemas de secreção tipo I, II e V, vias SEC e TAT e bombas de efluxo, principalmente super-expressos durante a interação com a planta hospedeira. / Methylobacterium genus is composed by pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacteria. Some species of this genus are able to promote plant growth and reduce the incidence of pathogens. The SR1.6/6 strain of Methylobacterium mesophilicum is a bacterium isolated from citrus and due to its interaction with the plant has been the focus of several studies. Multidrug efflux pumps and secretion system can be involved modulating the interactions of bacteria with their environments. In this work was analised the root exsudates composition from two host plants citrus and corn interacting with SR1.6/6 by GC-MS technique, additionally was searched and reannotated genes related to secretion system and some multidrug efflux pumps and finally evaluated the gene expression of some of this genes during the interaction with Zea mays and Citrus sinensis by qPCR. Type I, II and V secretion system, SEC and TAT pathway and some multidrug efllux pumps were found in this strain according gene expression. This systems were up-regulated mainly during interaction with host plant.
15

Ecologia de Methylobacterium spp. na planta hospedeira / Methylobacterium spp. ecology in the host plant

Manuella Nóbrega Dourado 14 June 2010 (has links)
O gênero Methylobacterium é composto por bactérias de coloração rósea, metilotróficas facultativas (PPFM - pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic), que podem fixar nitrogênio, nodular a planta hospedeira, produzir o fitohormônio citocinina e as enzimas pectinase e celulase, podendo dessa forma promover o crescimento vegetal devido à disponibilidade de nitrogênio e à indução de resistência sistêmica. Methylobacterium spp. têm sido descritas como endófitos ou epífitas em diferentes plantas hospedeiras, onde a sua colonização e distribuição no hospedeiro podem ser influenciadas pelo genótipo da planta ou por interações com outros microrganismos associados ao hospedeiro. Neste contexto, poucos trabalhos têm sido desenvolvidos visando um melhor entendimento da interação Methylobacterium-planta e da diversidade deste gênero bacteriano que tem sido isolado de diferentes plantas hospedeiras, exercendo diferentes funções ainda pouco conhecidas. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a diversidade genética de Methylobacterium spp., por meio do seqüenciamento parcial dos genes 16S rRNA e mxaF; analisar os genes de responsáveis pela interação da Methylobacterium com a planta hospedeira e analisar os genes envolvidos na interação Methylobacterium (endófito)- Xylella fastidiosa (patógeno). Os resultados mostraram que existe uma resposta adaptativa de Methylobacterium spp. específica para cada planta hospedeira. Da mesma forma, foi observado que esta adaptação específica da bactéria à planta, também pode levar à seleção de genótipos específicos para cada planta hospedeira, embora eventos aleatórios também possam ser responsáveis pela diversidade de Methylobacterium na planta hospedeira. Na análise de expressão gênica da interação Methylobacterium-planta, foi observado que o gene relacionado ao metabolismo do metanol (mxaF) não apresentou mudança no padrão de expressão. Genes relacionados a estresse crtI (estresse sentido pela bactéria) e acdS (estresse sentido pela planta), tiveram suas expressões reduzidas na presença da planta, mostrando que a presença de exsudados das plantas não representou um estresse ao desenvolvimento bacteriano. Os genes relacionados à patogenicidade patatin e phoU não foram alterados, confirmando que Methylobacterium é um endófito, e possuem expressão induzida de tais genes quando interagindo com a planta hospedeira. Os resultados permitem concluir que nas condições avaliadas os exsudados das plantas não causam estresse à bactéria (SR1.6/6). Por meio da análise de expressão gênica in vitro de X. fastidiosa em co-cultivo com M. mesophilicum, foi observado que este fitopatógeno vascular apresentou diminuição do crescimento e da formação de biofilme. Os resultados aqui apresentados mostram que a diversidade deste grupo de endófitos é parcialmente determinada pela planta hospedeira, onde tais bactérias interagem tanto com a planta como com outros grupos, como fitopatógenos presentes neste nicho. / The genus Methylobacterium, constituted by PPFMs - pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic, are able to fix nitrogen, nodule the host plant, produce cytokines and enzymes involved in induction of systemic resistance such as pectinase and cellulase, inducing plant growth. Methylobacterium sp. has been described as endophyte or epiphyte in different host plants, where the colonization and distribution on the host can be influenced by plant genotype or by interaction with other microorganisms associated to the host. In this context, few studies aims the better understanding of the diversity of this genus in different host, the interaction Methylobacterium-plant, and the interaction Methylobacterium-other bacteria. Therefore, this study aims to study the genetic diversity of Methylobacterium spp., by sequencing the 16S rRNA and mxaF gene; to analyze the genes responsible for the Methylobacterium-plant host interaction and to analyze the genes involved in Methylobacterium (endophyte) - Xylella fastidiosa (pathogen) interaction. Results show differential adaptive responses of Methylobacterium spp. in distinct plant species. However, the clustering according to the host plant was observed for a subset of isolates, suggesting that this diversity could be driven by stochastic events, although plant genotype may contribute to this diversity. Analyzing the Methylobacterium-plant interaction gene expression it was observed that genes related to metabolism of methanol (mxaF) was not amended. The genes related to stress such as crtI (stress sensed by the bacteria) and acdS (stress sensed by the plant) had its expression reduced with the plant showing that the plant exudates did not represent a stress to the bacteria development. The genes related to pathogenicity like patatin and phoU were not amended, confirming that Methylobacterium is an endophyte that do not induce when the bacteria interacts with the plant host. Using a genetic expression analyses of X. fastidiosa in vitro in co-cultive with M. mesophilicum, it was seen that this phytopathogen presented the growth and biofilm formation reduction. These results show that the diversity of this endophyte group is partially determinate by the plant host, where this bacterium interacts with the plant and with other groups, such as phytopathogen present in this niche.
16

Análise computacional dos genomas de duas estirpes brasileiras de Bradyrhizobium de importância econômica / Computational analysis of genomes of two Brazilian Bradyrhizobium strains of economic importance

Carvalho, Gesiele Almeida Barros de 09 December 2016 (has links)
B. diazoefficiens CPAC 7 e B. japonicum CPAC 15 são estirpes brasileiras de Bradyrhizobium que apresentam grande relevância para o cultivo da soja, pois são capazes de fornecer nitrogênio para a produção desta leguminosa através do processo de fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN), uma técnica sustentável e de baixo custo. Por esse motivo, tais bactérias são de grande interesse, e seu estudo contribui na compreensão do processo complexo e orquestrado por um conjunto de genes específicos que culmina no estabelecimento da simbiose. A estirpe CPAC 7 possui maior eficiência em fixar N2 , e a CPAC 15 destaca-se pela sua competitividade. Recentemente, o genoma de cada uma foi sequenciado na tentativa de conhecer seu conteúdo gênico e identificar os fatores genéticos responsáveis pelas diferenças no desempenho simbiótico. Apesar de ter sido encontrado alguns rearranjos, os genoma mostraram-se sintênicos na sua maioria. Entretanto, o fato de haver muitas transposases ao redor dos genes, principalmente na ilha simbiótica, e devido a presença de muitos genes hipotéticos, representando uma limitação no conhecimento, nos motivou a realizar o presente estudo, onde exploramos estes dois genomas. Portanto, os objetivos deste estudo foram de definir a população de elementos de transposição (TEs) que compõe estes genomas, avaliar se os elementos completos podem estar impactando os genes de alguma forma; explorar as proteínas hipotéticas, tentando identificar novas funções que possam estar associadas com a interação soja-Bradyrhizobium e apontá-las para estudos experimentais futuros; e ainda explorar os genes exclusivos das regiões atípicas dos genomas, sendo que para isso, nós também desenvolvemos uma nova metodologia, baseada na máxima entropia (ME), que pode ser utilizada em novos estudos genômicos a partir da simples sequência nucleotídica. Todas as análises deste estudo foram realizadas in silico. Estudando os TEs, identificamos 33 novas sequências de inserção, sendo que algumas destacaram-se por terem potencial impacto nos genes associados com a simbiose destas bactérias, como nopAN, nopAG, rhcU, modC e hypB. Explorar as proteínas hipotéticas nos permitiu reduzir a porcentagem de hipotéticas dos genomas. Adicionamos novas informações à 1.204 proteínas, das quais muitas apresentaram similaridade com proteínas comprovadamente associadas com a interação planta-bactéria, em condições de simbiose e/ou patogenicidade, como proteínas envolvidas na motilidade e adesão celular, fatores de virulência, proteínas secretoras e efetoras, entre outras. Além disso, a metodologia ME, desenvolvida neste estudo com o intuito de direcionar análises genômicas para regiões atípicas, quando comparada com outras ferramentas existentes, mostrou-se superior em termos de eficiência e tempo de execução computacional. Nas regiões genômicas apontadas pela ME nos dois genomas de interesse, identificamos 269 genes exclusivos de CPAC 7 e 368 de CPAC 15, sendo que destacamos aqueles com potencial relação com as diferenças simbióticas das estirpes, como o gene fixW, noeE, rtxA e nex18. Assim, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho vêm expandir nosso conhecimento sobre os genomas destas estirpes. Destacando ainda, importantes diferenças que podem estar associadas com a habilidade simbiótica de cada bactéria. / B. diazoefficiens CPAC 7 and B. japonicum CPAC 15 are Brazilian Bradyrhizobium strains of great importance for soybean cultivation, since when in a symbiotic state they provide nitrogen for the crop through the biological nitrogen fixation process (BNF), a sustainable technique and low cost. For this reason, such bacteria represent great interest and have been widely studied, once the symbiotic establishment is a complex process and orchestrated by a specific set of genes. The CPAC 7 strain has a higher efficiency to fix N2 , while CPAC 15 stands out for its competitiveness. Recently, their genomes were sequenced in an attempt to gain knowledge about their gene content and to identify the genetic factors responsible for differences in their symbiotic performance. Despite having identified some rearrangements, the majority of genomes showed syntenic. However, the fact that there are many transposases around the genes, especially in symbiotic island, and due to the presence of many hypothetical genes, representing a limitation on knowledge, motivated us to conduct this study, which explored these two important genomes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to define the population of transposable elements (TEs) present in these genomes and to verify whether such TEs could be impacting the genes somehow; to study the hypothetical proteins, trying to identify new features that may be associated with the soybean-Bradyrhizobium interaction and point them for future experimental studies; and to explore the exclusive genes from atypical regions of both genomes, and for that, we have also developed a new methodology, based on maximum entropy (ME), which can be used in new genomic studies. All analyzes in this study were performed in silico. Studying the TEs, we identified 33 new insertion sequences, and some stood out for having potential impact on genes associated with the symbiosis of these bacteria, such as nopAN, nopAG, rhcU, modC and hypB. As a consequence of improving the annotation of hypothetical proteins we were able to reduce the hypothetical percentage. Among these, we add new information to 1,204 proteins, many of which had similarity to proteins with involvement in the plant-bacteria interaction, in symbiosis and/or pathogenicity conditions, such as proteins involved in cell motility and adhesion, virulence factors, secretion proteins, effectors, among others. Moreover, the ME methodology developed in this study to direct genomic analysis to atypical regions, compared with other existing tools, it was superior in efficiency and execution time. In the genomic regions identified by the ME in both Bradyrhizobium genomes, we identified 269 exclusive genes of CPAC 7 and 368 of CPAC 15, we highlighted those with potential involvement with symbiotic differences of strains, as fixW, noeE, rtxA and nex18. Thus, the results obtained in this study come to expand our knowledge about the genomes of these important bacteria. Finally, differences were identified as potential targets to be associated with the symbiotic ability of each strain to be futher studied.
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Interaction plante-microorganismes : Implication de la rhizobactérie Phyllobacterium brassicacearum dans les réponses d’Arabidopsis thaliana au stress hydrique / Plant-microbes interactions : Implication of Phyllobacterium brassicacearum in Arabidopsis responses to water deficit

Bresson, Justine 16 December 2013 (has links)
Les bactéries promotrices de la croissance des plantes (PGPR) peuvent améliorer la performance et la tolérance des plantes lors de stress environnementaux. Arabidopsis thaliana est un modèle de choix pour étudier les mécanismes impliqués dans les interactions plante-bactéries. Nous avons analysé de multiples traits associés à la dynamique de croissance, au développement et la physiologie des végétaux afin d'évaluer les effets de l'inoculation par Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM196, une PGPR isolée de la rhizosphère du colza, sur les réponses d'A. thaliana à des stress hydriques de différentes intensités. Grâce à des outils performants de phénotypage, nous avons développé une nouvelle approche d'analyse à haut-débit pour examiner l'implication de STM196 dans les stratégies de résistance des plantes au stress hydrique. Nos résultats montrent pour la première fois que les PGPR peuvent interférer dans les stratégies d'échappement des plantes grâce à des modifications de la croissance et du temps de floraison. De plus, STM196 induit une meilleure résistance au déficit hydrique modéré et une meilleure tolérance à la déshydratation sous une contrainte hydrique sévère. L'inoculation par STM196 peut ainsi représenter une valeur ajoutée aux stratégies de résistance intrinsèques aux plantes, ce qui est illustrée par sa remarquable capacité à promouvoir la survie et la production de biomasse végétale dans des environnements contrastés. Nos résultats soulignent l'importance des interactions plantes-bactéries dans les réponses des plantes à la sécheresse et offrent de nouvelles voies de recherches pour l'amélioration de la résistance à la sécheresse dans les cultures. / Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can enhance plant performance and plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Arabidopsis thaliana is a useful organism to study the mechanisms involved in plant-PGPR interactions. We analyzed multiple plant traits related to growth dynamics, development and physiology in order to assess the effects of Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM196 strain, isolated from the rhizosphere of oilseed rape, on Arabidopsis responses to well-defined soil water availability. Using powerful tools for phenotyping, we developed a new high-throughput analysis to examine the implication of STM196 on plant strategies to cope with water stress. Our results show for the first time that PGPR can interfere in escape strategies of plants through modifications in plant growth and flowering time. Moreover, STM196 induced a better resistance to moderate water deficit and a better tolerance to dehydration under a severe stress. Inoculation by STM196 can represent an added value to plant resistance strategies, as illustrated by its remarkable ability to promote plant survival and biomass production under contrasted environments. Our results highlight the importance of plant-bacteria interactions in plant responses to drought and provide a new avenue of investigations to improve drought resistance in crops.
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La dégradation des acides hydroxycinnamiques comme signal de perception de la plante : régulation et rôle dans l’écologie d’Agrobacterium fabrum / Degradation of hydroxycinnamic acids as signal of plant perception : regulation and role in the Agrobacterium fabrum ecology

Meyer, Thibault 29 June 2018 (has links)
Les agrobactéries établissent des relations à long terme avec les plantes et ce, dans deux styles de vie différents, rhizosphérique et pathogène (galle du collet). Dans ce mode de vie, les bactéries modifient génétiquement leur hôte et se créent ainsi une niche écologique spécifique (tumeur). La transition entre les deux styles de vie est déclenchée par la perception de signaux végétaux, parmi lesquels des acides hydroxycinnamiques (HCAs) comme l’acide férulique. Or dans l’espèce Agrobacterium fabrum, des gènes spécifiques permettent la dégradation des HCAs. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que cette dégradation était un signal de proximité de la plante et influençait alors des fonctions importantes pour l’interaction avec celle-ci. Nous avons caractérisé la régulation de la dégradation des HCAs, évalué son rôle dans la valeur sélective d’A. fabrum, et suggéré son importance dans la transition entre les styles de vie rhizosphérique et pathogène. Nous avons montré que la dégradation des HCAs module le métabolisme carboné bactérien, notamment l’utilisation d’acide aminés et d’oligosaccharides de la famille du raffinose. Nous avons caractérisé la protéine MelB qui permet l’import de ces sucres, du mélibiose et du galactinol. Leur utilisation est importante pour la colonisation des plantes dès la germination. L’analyse de l’expression des gènes et du métabolisme bactérien en présence d'un composé signal de la plante, nous a révélé de nouveaux déterminants importants pour l’écologie de ce phytopathogène, notamment des facteurs de transcription. En outre, cette analyse a confirmé l’importance des échanges cellulaires et de déterminants impliqués dans la compétition bactérienne / Agrobacterium establish long term interactions with plants, either in a rhizosphere or pathogenic lifestyle. Pathogenic agrobacteria are causing the crown gall disease by genetically modifying the plant cells host, thus creating a specific ecological niche (tumor). The transition from the rhizosphere to the pathogenic lifestyle is triggered by bacterial perception of plant-derived signals, including hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) such as ferulic acid. However, A. fabrum strains have species-specific genes that allow HCAs degradation.We hypothesized that in A. fabrum, the degradation of the HCAs is perceived as a plant signal which influences important functions involved in the interaction with plants. We characterized the regulation of HCAs degradation, evaluated its role in the fitness of A. fabrum, and suggested its importance for the transition between the rhizosphere and pathogenic lifestyles. Then, we showed that the degradation of HCAs modulates carbon metabolism, such as the use of amino acids and sugars belonging to the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO). We have demonstrated that besides these sugars, the MelB protein allows the import melibiose and galactinol. Their use is important for plant colonization, since seed germination. The analyzes of gene expression and bacterial metabolism in the presence of a plant signal compound, revealed new determinants important for A. fabrum ecology, including transcription factors. In addition, it confirmed the importance of cellular exchanges and bacterial competition for Agrobacterium fitness in planta
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Inhibition of virulence gene expression in Rhodococcus fascians and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by flavonoïds isolated from the genera Dalbergia and Combretum / Inhibition de l'expression des gènes de virulence chez Rhodococcus fascians et Pseudomonas aeruginosa par des flavonoïdes isolés chez les genres Dalbergia et Combretum

Rajaonson, Sanda 16 December 2011 (has links)
Plants are continuously confronted with a multitude attack either abiotic but also biotic in nature. Interestingly, despite the abundance of bacteria that plant has to face, only few are able to induce death or disease in the host plant. It is therefore likely that, in addition to secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties, plants also synthesize secondary metabolites which are able to inhibit the expression of virulence genes in bacteria without affecting either growth or viability, which allows plants to host willingly or not bacterial populations. This work focuses on the identification of such metabolites in Malagasy plants (genera Dalbergia and Combretum) and the demonstration of their inhibitory effect on the expression of virulence genes in two different pathosystems: Rhodococcus fascians (a phytopathogen) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (an opportunistic pathogen). Thus, two metabolites were isolated using a combination of chromatographic techniques coupled with tests that evaluate the expression of certain genes involved in the virulence mechanisms of these bacteria. The first is a new prenylated isoflavanone, named perbergin, isolated from the bark extract of D. pervillei. It was shown that the perbergin target attR gene expression, encoding a LysR-type transcriptional regulator that plays a key role in regulating the expression of virulence genes of R. fascians and the transition from an epiphytic to a pathogenic lifestyle. Therefore, we have also shown that the expression of all virulence genes known to date in R. fascians is also affected while the expression of genes involved in epiphytic fitness of the bacteria is not altered. In addition, the application of perbergin at the time of infection of plants susceptible to R. fascians shows that this molecule reduces in vivo the virulence of R. fascians, highlighting the potential of perbergin as an anti-infective agent. The second is a flavonoid known as catechin, isolated from the bark extract of C. albiflorum. Catechin significantly inhibits the expression of genes that regulate the mechanism of quorum sensing in P. aeruginosa such as lasI, LasR, rhlI and rhlR but also lasB and rhlA which expression depends on quorum sensing. Therefore, the production of virulence factors such as pyocyanin and elastase is significantly affected. Because of the limited number of our arsenal of antibiotics and their increasing ineffectiveness, the identification of these compounds create a path to an alternative in the fight against pathogenic bacteria and multidrug resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics. Our results also demonstrate the richness of Malagasy plants as (re)sources of new therapeutic molecules and the importance of widening the range of bacterial targets to be investigated to develop new strategies to fight within the endless war that we are waging against bacteria pathogens.<p><p>Les plantes sont continuellement confrontées à une multitude d’attaques qu’elles soient de nature abiotique ou surtout biotique. Il est intéressant de noter que malgré la multitude de bactéries auxquelles les plantes doivent faire face, seules quelques unes sont capables d’induire la mort ou une maladie chez la plante hôte. Il est dès lors fort probable que, outre les métabolites secondaires ayant des propriétés antimicrobiennes, les plantes synthétisent également des métabolites secondaires capables d’inhiber l’expression des gènes de virulence chez les bactéries sans toutefois affecter ni leur croissance ni leur viabilité, ce qui permet aux plantes de contenir les populations bactériennes qu’elles hébergent de gré ou de force. Ce travail porte sur l’identification de ce type de métabolites dans des plantes malgaches (genres Dalbergia et Combretum) et la démonstration de leurs effets inhibiteurs sur l’expression de gènes de virulence chez deux pathosystèmes différents: Rhodococcus fascians (un phytopathogène) et Pseudomonas aeruginosa (un pathogène opportuniste). Ainsi, deux métabolites ont été isolés en utilisant une combinaison de techniques chromatographiques couplées avec des tests qui évaluent l’expression de certains gènes impliqués dans les mécanismes de virulence de ces bactéries. Le premier est un nouvel isoflavanone prénylé, nommé perbergine, isolé à partir de l’extrait d’écorces de D. pervillei. Il a été montré que la perbergine cible l’expression du gène attR, codant un régulateur transcriptionnel de type LysR qui joue un rôle clé dans la régulation de l’expression des gènes de virulence de R. fascians et qui assure la transition entre un mode de vie épiphyte et le mode pathogène. En conséquence, nous avons également montré que l’expression de l’ensemble des gènes de virulence connu à ce jour chez R. fascians est également affectée alors que l’expression de gènes impliqués dans l’aptitude épiphyte de la bactérie n’est pas altérée. Par ailleurs, l’application de perbergine au moment de l’infection de plantes sensibles à R. fascians montre que cette molécule atténue la virulence de R. fascians in vivo, mettant en exergue le potentiel de la perbergine comme agent anti-infectieux. Le deuxième est un flavonoïde, connu sous le nom de catéchine, isolé de l’extrait d’écorces de C. albiflorum. La catéchine inhibe significativement l’expression des gènes régulateurs du mécanisme du quorum sensing chez P. aeruginosa tels que lasI, lasR, rhlI et rhlR et également lasB et rhlA dont l’expression dépend du quorum sensing. En conséquence, la production des facteurs de virulence tels que la pyocyanine et l’élastase est significativement affectée. Compte tenu de l’appauvrissement de notre arsenal d’antibiotiques et de leur inefficacité croissante, l’identification de ces composés ouvre une voie alternative de lutte contre les bactéries pathogènes et la multirésistance des bactéries pathogènes aux antibiotiques. Nos résultats démontrent également la richesse des plantes malgaches comme (res)sources de nouvelles molécules thérapeutiques et l’importance d’élargir le champ des cibles bactériennes à investiguer pour développer de nouvelles stratégies de lutte dans la guerre sans fin que nous menons contre les bactéries pathogènes. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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