Denna studie presenterar skånska internetanvändares attityder till webbtjänsten Flattr Plus samt deras kunskaper om intressebaserade annonser. I denna studie deltog folk i åldersgruppen 21-46+ år. Flattr Plus riktar sig mot annonsblockerande användare där syftet är att låta användarna stödja innehållsskapare på internet genom att bidra med pengar. I denna studie görs det även en jämförelse om användarnas attityder och kunskaper stämmer överens med andra studier utförd av andra personer. Genom en webbenkät och sex kvalitativa intervjuer visar det empiriska materialet att majoriteten av respondenterna anser annonser störande för surfupplevelsen och därför används en annonsblockering. Majoriteten av respondenterna är negativt inställda till att stödja innehållsskaparnas intäkter och har en negativ attityd till Flattr Plus. Resultaten visar även att respondenterna har olika grad av kunskap om intressebaserade annonser. Respondenterna visar ingen koppling till att kunskaper om hur intressebaserade annonser fungerar är en av orsakerna att en annonsblockering används. Slutsatsen är att respondenterna inte är intresserade av att betala medan de surfar och anser även att innehåll på internet ska vara gratis vilket stämmer överens med andra studier. Majoriteten har en negativ attityd till att stödja innehållsskaparnas intäkter på internet vilket stämmer överens med andra studier. Dessa faktorer bidrar till negativa attityder till Flattr Plus. Respondenterna menar även att de inte vet vilka som ligger bakom Flattr Plus och vill själva styra vilka innehållsskapare som får ta emot pengar. Detta är inte möjligt med Flattr Plus algoritm som bygger på en användares internetaktivitet. Vidare finns det behov av kunskap om hur intressebaserade annonser, annonsblockering och kakor fungerar, vilket även stämmer överens med andra studier. / This study presents empirical data about Scania’s Internet users’ attitudes towards Flattr Plus and their knowledge about behavioral advertising. People from age 21-46+ participated in this study. Flattr Plus targets adblocking users as their users and the service aims to support creators on the Internet, by donating money, due to the problems adblocking cause. This study also aims to compare with other previous studies. The study presents the results of a web survey and qualitative interviews containing 77 participants which reveals that the majority of the participants experience advertisements as disturbing and therefore use an adblocking service. The result also states that the majority of the participants are negative to Flattr Plus. The result presents that the participants have different levels of knowledge about behavioral advertising. They show no connection between their knowledge about behavioral advertising and their use of an adblocking service. The conclusion of this study shows the participants unwillingness to pay while on the Internet and that content should be free which are similar to other studies. The majority of the participants have a negative attitude towards how creators earn money and to Flattr Plus. The participants are negative as they are unaware of who the creators of Flattr Plus are. Participants also wish to have the ability to decide which creators receive the money. This is not possible with Flattr Plus algorithm which is based on a user’s Internet activity. Further conclusion shows that the participants are in need of education concerning behavioral targeting, adblocking and cookies which are similar to other studies.

In an effort to proliferate the awareness of and interest in flute and organ chamber music, I have commissioned five new works for flute and organ. An analysis and performance guide of these works will provide the basis for the discussion in this monograph. Through a survey of various sources, I hope to prove the need for more flute and organ chamber works as well as introduce the five new pieces into the mainstream repertoire. I begin with a discussion of the organ/flute duo and briefly touch on the small number of existing works widely recognized in both the flute and organ communities. I use several instrument-specific catalogues of repertoire to compare which pieces are common in both the flute and the organ communities as well as how they are catalogued. Using modern scholarship surrounding the rapidly growing performance-studies discipline, I hope to show that a performance guide of these new works can be of great significance to the performers. Once I have established a need for more repertoire for this unique paring, I introduce and discuss at length each individual piece, providing a formal analysis and suggestions to the performer on how best to approach these pieces based on this analysis. I provide an abridged version of the performance guide for each piece as an appendix. Finally, I compare the five new compositions to the existing handful briefly mentioned in the introduction and strive to use the opinions of other professionals in the field to prove not only the validity of the works in themselves, but their viability as upstanding compositions in the mainstream repertoire. / Music Performance

The objective of this study was to develop design equations that predict lateral restraint forces in two commonly used Z-purlin supported roof systems. These are quarter point bracing and third point plus support bracing. To that end, a stiffness model used in the past has been reintroduced. This model has been modified slightly to better represent roof system behavior. The updated stiffness model was then used to estimate lateral restraint forces for a number of roof systems with a varying cross sectional dimensions of the purlin, number of purlin lines, number of spans, and span length. A regression analysis was then performed on the data to obtain empirical design equations similar to those found in the 1996 Edition of the American Iron and Steel Institute's Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Members, Section D.3.2.1. <i>Vita removed April 4, 2011. GMc</i> / Master of Science

An effective tool used by planners and policy makers in public health, such as Center for Disease Control (CDC), to curtail spread of infectious diseases over a given population is contagion diffusion simulations. These simulations model the relevant characteristics of the population (age, gender, income etc.) and the disease (attack rate, etc.) and compute the spread under various configuration and plausible intervention strategies (such as vaccinations, school closure, etc.). Hence, the model and the computation form a complex agent based system and are highly compute and resource intensive. In this work, we design a benchmark consisting of several kernels which capture the essential compute, communication, and data access patterns for such applications. For each kernel, the benchmark provides different evaluation strategies. The goal is to (a) derive alternative implementations for computing the contagion by combining different implementation of the kernels, and (b) evaluate which combination of implementation, runtime, and hardware is most effective in running large scale contagion diffusion simulations. Our proposed benchmark is designed using C++ generic programming primitives and lifting sequential strategies for parallel computations. Together, these lead to a succinct description of the benchmark and significant code reuse when deriving strategies for new hardware. For the benchmark to be effective, this aspect is crucial, because the potential combination of hardware and runtime are growing rapidly thereby making infeasible to write optimized strategy for the complete contagion diffusion from ground up for each compute system. / Master of Science

Organic esters are an important class of industrial and commercial chemicals that can be found in solvents, plasticizer, food flavours, detergents, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The most common way to synthesis organic esters is with esterification or transesterification. Where esterification was the chosen method in this thesis.  This thesis provides a techno-economic assessment on the production of propyl acetate and glycerol trivalerate through different continuous routes that is than compared with batch production under the same conditions. Simulations was done on trivalerate due to limited literature and data on pentaerythritol tetravalerate. Different continuous technologies that have been assessed in this thesis was plug flow reactor (PFR), Reactive Distillation (RD), and Reactive – Extractive Distillation (RED). The production of mono- and polyol esters with different unit operators was simulated in Aspen Plus V.14. Techno-Economic analysis was conducted with APEA (Aspen Process Economic Analyzer), where cost of raw materials, products, and utilities was inserted to evaluate annual operating cost and product sale. Reaction kinetic for esterification of trivalerate was estimated by obtained values from simulations of a Gibbs reactor in Aspen Plus at four different temperatures. Kinetics was estimated by applying the relation between the chemical equilibrium constant and the Arrhenius equation. Where rate constant and activation energy for forward and revers reaction was obtained by varying min and max values for lsqcurvefit in MATLAB and then validate results with published kinetics.  Results from production of propyl acetate with batch, PFR and RED provides an annual profit of approximately 1 M$ at a capacity of 41.65 kton/year. The three different process provides also approximately an equal capital cost, operating cost, equipment cost, and installed cost according to APEA. RED provided the lowest propyl acetate yield at 93%, batch and PFR provided a propyl acetate yield of 94%.  Results from production of trivalerate with batch, PFR, and RD provides an annual profit of 5.4, 5.78, and 9.2 M$ at a capacity of approximately 5 kton/year. Where RD process provides the lowest capital cost, operating cost, equipment cost, and installed cost compared to batch and PFR processes according to APEA. Obtained results from production of trivalerate can be used to evaluate the economic and technical feasibility of a continuous production plant for pentaerythritol tetravalerate (PETV). Where initial simulations show a good economic and technical viability of a continuous ester production plant.

Global Governance (XVII) im Ukraine-Prisma ● Vorbemerkungen ''Zum Inhalt und zu den Einzelbeiträgen''; ● Dokumentation (de): ○ Kommentar v. W. Pawlenko, 23.05.2023, ''Zu BRICS-PLUS''; ○ Kommentar v. L. Golinkin, ''The Nation'', 13.06.2023, ''Zum Asow-Spuk''; ○ Anmerkungen v. M. McConnell, im US-Senat, 12.06.2023, ''Zur US-Ukraine-Hilfe''; ○ Stenogramm ''W.Putin beim Treffen mit Militärkorrespondenten''. 13.06.2023; ● Dokumentation (ru, en) sämtlicher Textoriginale.:Global Governance (XVII) im Ukraine-Prisma – BRICS-Plus, Asow-Spuk, US-Eigennutz und Militärkorrespondenten beim Präsidenten – ● Vorbemerkungen 'Zum Thema und zu den Einzelbeiträgen' von Rainer Böhme & Wilfried Schreiber; ● Dokumentation (Übers. a. d. Russ./Engl. v. Rainer Böhme): ○ Kommentar von Wladimir Pawlenko, ‘IA REX’, 23.05.2023: 'Die BRICS-Erweiterung als Indikator für tektonische globale Veränderungen'. ○ Kommentar v. Lew Golinkin, 'The Nation', 13.06.2023, 'Die westlichen Medien beschönigen das Asow-Bataillon'; ○ Anmerkungen v. Mitch McConnell, im US-Senat, 12.06.2023, 'Hilfe für die Ukraine ist eine Investition in Amerikas Sicherheit'; ○ Gesprächsthemen beim 'Treffen mit Militärkorrespondenten', 13.06.2023 (Kurzübersicht); ○ Stenogramm: Präsident Wladimir Putin beim 'Treffen mit Militärkorrespondenten', 13.06.2023; ○ Anhang: Liste der Teilnehmer am Treffen, 13.06.2023. ● Dokumentation (ru, en) sämtlicher Textoriginale: ○ Kommentar (ru) von W. Pawlenko für ‘IA REX’, Moskau, 23.05.2023; ○ Kommentar (en) von L. Golinkin, 'The Nation', 13.06.2023; ○ Anmerkungen (en) von M. McConnell, im US-Senat, 12.06.2023; ○ Stenogramm (ru): Präsident W.Putin beim 'Treffen mit Militärkorrespondenten', 13.06.2023.

Yes / The biomass gasification process is widely accepted as a popular technology to produce fuel for the application in gas turbines and Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). Chemical reactions of this process can be separated into three reaction zones: pyrolysis, combustion, and reduction. In this study, sensitivity analysis with respect to three input parameters (gasification temperature, equivalence ratio, and steam-to-biomass ratio) has been carried out to achieve energy self-sufficient conditions in a steam gasification process under the criteria that the carbon conversion efficiency must be more than 70%, and carbon dioxide gas is lower than 20%. Simulation models of the steam gasification process have been carried out by ASPEN Plus and validated with both experimental data and simulation results from Nikoo & Mahinpey (2008). Gasification temperature of 911 °C, equivalence ratio of 0.18, and a steam-to-biomass ratio of 1.78, are considered as an optimal operation point to achieve energy self-sufficient condition. This operating point gives the maximum of carbon conversion efficiency at 91.03%, and carbon dioxide gas at 15.18 volumetric percentages. In this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) is included to compare the environmental performance of conventional and energy self-sufficient gasification for steam biomass gasification. / Financing of this research was supported by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) under Grant Number PHD57I0054 and the Institutional Research Grant by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) under Grant Number IRG 5780014 and Chulalongkorn University, Contact No. RES_57_411_21_076.

Yes / Process simulation of a single-step synthesis of DME based on CO2-enhanced gasification of rice straw was conducted using Aspen PlusTM. The process consists of gasification unit, heat recovery unit, gas purification unit, single-step DME synthesis, and DME separation unit. In the simulation, highly pure DME was produced by the control of CO2 concentration in syngas to a very low level prior to synthesis. A gasification system efficiency of 36.7% and CO2 emission of 1.31 kg/kg of DME were achieved. Bio-DME production based on CO2-enhanced gasification of biomass was found to be more cost-effective as it required 19.6% less biomass than that of DME production based on conventional biomass gasification. The performance and environmental benefits of the proposed process could be further improved by the utilization of unreacted gases and the handling of CO2 generated via incorporating poly-generation concept or carbon storage, which could also potentially improve process economics. / Ningbo Bureau of Science and Technology; Innovation Team Scheme; Major R&D Programme; Provincial Innovation Team on the Commercialisation of SOx and NOx Removal Technologies; University of Nottingham Ningbo China

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