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Elizabeth Bishop (1911-1979) was a Pulitzer-prize winning American poet who did not produce much published work in her career. This was partly due to her low confidence, depression, alcoholism, and difficult personal life, but it was also due to her meticulousness as a poet. Colleagues and critics praised her strong description and mastery of technique, but criticized her early work as lacking depth. While appearing simple, her early works present complex themes of dualism and isolation. Using characteristics of the carnivalesque and the grotesque, her poetry explores these concepts and the need to cover them. This study's close analysis of four works ("From the Country to the City, " "Cirque d'Hiver, " "Pink Dog, " and "The Man-Moth") reveals characteristics of the carnivalesque and the grotesque, adding a previously unnoticed depth to her early work.

In reference to Moleleki (1988:122), African poetry as a result of contrast rather than individual, is the representation of a community. This representation contains a scale of values based on the community, and it gives symbolic expression to the community: manifesting a community of tradition from the past through the present to the future. Going by the above notion, the poet assumes the responsibility of being the spokes-person of the community in which he/she finds and identifies himself/herself. He/she feels the pain felt by his/her people, and shares the joy shared by them. His/her representation therefore is both genuine and representatively expressive in nature. In the chosen poems of S. E. K. Mqhayi the above mentioned aspects of poetic writing are well expressed. This representation being a symbolic expression on behalf of the community holds a magnificent semiotic significance. Such semiotic significance, which boarders around the several highs and lows of the community’s lifestyle. The community poet in this context blends the past and the present in his verses attempting to both preserve and express the sorrows, the joys, the pains as well as the fears of his community and its people. These are captured in chapters three and four of this study. The community poet under the worst form of systematized inhuman, racist subjection called apartheid employed careful and skilful means of reciting as well as penning his verses. In the last four chapters one discovers a skilful means of masking in order to avoid being penalised. S.E.K Mqhayi’s element of symbolic expression is by far the most significant aspect of his poems. A man who lived in the days of abject institutionalised racism and being one of those discriminated against, had no choice but to be loyal to his oppressors and at the same time, expressing himself in the most creatively careful manner. His works are rich with encodings and embellishments. These encodings and embellishments require some careful skills to decode and unveil. This research work will centre mainly on the unravelling of all that was either encoded or embellished within each selected work.

John Keats is a mythopoeic poet who created his own mythical substructure, often adapting traditional figures from mythology to give a special meaning to the entire canon of his major work. The early poems are hesitant, imitative, and groping, but the mature poems receive a large part of heir symbolic meaning from the substructure of Keats's myth of the poet on which they rest. In the works of John Keats, then, the reader finds a touchstone of experiences common to all humanity, shaped into Keats's central myth of the poet. He left the testament of a poet who could "see as a god sees, and take the depth/ Of things" recorded in his major poems and in some of the most sensitive letters ever written by a poet.

Denna uppsats undersöker hur tematiken i Nils Ferlins lyrik gestaltas i samtliga diktsamlingar utifrån några valda teman. Först undersöks dödstematiken som på grund av sitt omfång delas in i två kapitel, ett där döden ses som en räddare undan livsångest och ett där döden skildras som skrämmande. Vidare undersöks den religiösa kontext som är förknippad med dödstematiken. Därefter behandlas kärleksmotivet och tematiken kring detta. Slutligen undersöks dikterna där samtiden skildras utifrån Ferlins syn på människan och sin samtid. Till undersökningen används ett biografiskt material för berika analysen. Det är främst i analysen av dikterna med en tydlig dödstematik som den biografiska aspekten är viktig men paralleller till författarens eget liv dras även vid diskussionen av övriga teman. Undersökningen är en tematisk studie men även motiven undersöks då de varierar i förhållande till tematiken. Definitioner för motiv och tema härleds till Lyrikens liv (Janss, Melberg & Refsum, 1999). Döden är det vanligaste motivet respektive temat men andra motiv och teman är viktiga att belysa för en djupare förståelse för Ferlins lyrik. Exempelvis finns en tydlig koppling mellan den religiösa kontexten och dödstematiken. / This paper examines how the themes in Nils Ferlin's poetry are portrayed in all poetry collections based on some selected themes. First the thematics of death is examined, and as a result of its extent it is divided into two chapters; one where death is seen as a savior from anxiety and one where death is portrayed as frightening. Furthermore the religious context associated with the thematics of death is examined. Thenceforth love motive and its thematics are treated. Lastly the poems where Ferlin depicture his vision on man and his contemporaries are examined. The survey uses a biographical material to enrich the analysis. It is primarily the analysis of the poems with a clear death thematic where the biographical aspect is important, but the parallels to the author's own life is used in the discussion of the other themes. The study is a thematic study but also the motives are examined as they vary in proportion to the thematic. Definitions of motive and theme are derived from Lyrikens liv (Janss, Melberg & Refsum, 1999). Death is the most common motive respectively theme however the other motives and themes are important to highlight for a deeper understanding of Ferlin's poetry.

This thesis is a translation and analysis of select tanka from the tanka anthology, Ai wo utae (Sing Love), by Suzukake Shin, an openly gay Japanese contemporary tanka poet. Published by Seidosha in 2019, the anthology contains twenty-eight rensaku (sequences) with a total of 295 individual tanka. In this thesis, I have translated six of the twenty-eight rensaku for a total of sixty-three individual tanka. Tanka are a thirty-one syllable Japanese poem that has its roots in the Heian Period (794-1185). Before presenting my English translations of Suzukake’s tanka, I give a critical introduction that consists of three main sections: Background, Analysis by Theme, and Translation Commentary. In the background section I discuss Suzukake's biography and give a brief history of tanka to lay out the genre and place Suzukake in it. Next, in the analysis section I identify and discuss three major themes representative of Suzukake’s essence as a poet through detailed analysis of select tanka which exemplify the themes. The three major themes are: The Natural: Nature & the Body, The Everyday: Objects & Experiences, and The Technological: Technology & a Modern World. Finally, in the last section I discuss my overall approach to tanka translation in addition to major theories drawn from the translation studies field which have informed my translation process. I have also included an afterword which discusses why I believe gayness does not take on a theme of itself in Suzukake’s tanka.

Diploma work presents the Poetics of Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman as a big influence on traditional American Literary development. Their work brought a new view of traditional Poetry in 19th century, which affected the whole status of traditional American culture. Their styles of writing had an effective impact on American Literature and shaped the new image of Poetry. One of the purposes of this diploma work is to introduce historical and literary-philosophical background of the period of 19. century, which influenced their lives and work as well. Then the diploma work demonstrates the Poetry of Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson and compares their work afterwards according to the chosen topics appearing in their poems. To summarise the whole diploma work there is the analyse of the similarities and differences in the poetry of both poets.

I den här uppsatsen gör jag en motivstudie av människan och döden i Anna Greta Wides debutsamling Nattmusik (1942). Jag lyfter dikter som tar upp dessa motiv och undersöker såväl motiven för sig som hur de samspelar med varandra. Avstampet sker i kritikernas samtida mottagande av samlingen. I analysen diskuterar jag sedan hur människan beskrivs med negativa egenskaper, men att de också har positiva drag i samband med konst och i rollen som moder. Vad gäller döden visar jag på en dödslängtan i dikterna och kommer fram till att motiv som rör ursprunget är viktiga (framför allt havet och modern). Jag diskuterar huruvida man kan göra en kristen tolkning och om dikterna implicerar ett liv efter detta. Även om döden är framträdande så finns det också en livsglädje i flera dikter. Till sist analyserar jag samlingen som helhet; dess struktur samt hur de två motiven tillsammans kan tolkas utifrån till exempel en krigsbakgrund eller kristendomen. Slutsatsen jag drar är att det är en komplex diktsamling med rika dubbelheter såsom dödslängtan och livsglädje, varm och kall människosyn, samt en ständig växling mellan hopp och förtvivlan. / In this essay I conduct a study of the motifs man and death in Anna Greta Wide’s debut collection Nattmusik (1942). I present poems that use these motifs and investigate both the motifs seperately as well as how they interact together. My starting point is the contemporary critics’ reviews of the collection. In the analysis I then discuss how the humans are described with negative characteristics, although they also have positive traits in relation to art and in their role as mothers. Regarding death I give examples of a death wish present in the poems and conclude that motifs related to origins are important (especially the ocean and the mother). I discuss whether or not a Christian interpretation can be made and if the poems indicate an afterlife. Even though death is prominent, there is also a joy of life in multiple poems. Lastly, I analyze the collection as a whole; its structure as well as how the two motifs together can be interpreted with for example the background of the Second World War or Christianity in mind. The conclusion I reach is that it is a complex poetry collection with rich duplicity which includes both death wish and joy of life, a warm and a cold view on humankind, as well as a constant shift between hope and despair.