Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VladimirAMC_capa_ate_cap2pdf.pdf: 1064881 bytes, checksum: ad3fb45b35e0f929ffd17f2ade8f17c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-15 / In the manufacture of composite, textile materials are being used as reinforcement. Generally, the combination of the matrix with the textile material in the form of fibres or yarns is used depending on their distribution in the web. In the present work, in place of fibres or yarns, a knitted structure in the form of the final product which is defined as preform. The preform is weft knit manufactured with polyester filaments. In the manufacture of composite, polyester resin was used as matrix. The physical and mechanical properties as well as the formability of the weft knit were analysed. The physical and mechanical properties as well as the formability of the knitted structure were analysed. The results obtained on the analysis show that the courses and wales of the weft knit structure and the tensile properties help the formability of the structure and the impregnation of the resin. It could be clearly observed that composite structure in the direction of the courses support more tension than in the direction of the wales. In relation to the three points flexural tests it was possible to note that there was more flexion in the direction of wales, what was expected. It was also possible to note that there are other advantages such as reduction in the loss of materials used, homogeneity in the distribution of the knitted structure in the mould, reduction in the preparation time and also in the reduction in the cost of manufacture / Na fabrica??o de comp?sitos, resultados da jun??o da resina como matriz e o material t?xtil como refor?o, o material t?xtil usualmente utilizado como refor?o, est? no formato de filamentos ou fibras soltas, que s?o aplicados diretamente sobre um molde, essa distribui??o aleat?ria do material pode ocasionar pontos fracos na estrutura j? que n?o garante uma distribui??o homogenia. No presente trabalho, em vez de fios ou fibras, foi utilizada uma malha t?xtil, fabricada na forma do produto final, que defini-se como pr?-forma, melhorando a distribui??o do material sobre o molde,. Esta pr?-forma foi fabricada em malha de trama (malha Jersey) com filamento de poli?ster e a resina de poli?ster foi utilizada como matriz na fabrica??o desse comp?sito. As propriedades f?sicas, mec?nicas e formabilidade das la?adas foram analisadas. Os resultados das propriedades da malha Jersey estudadas mostram que as la?adas da malha e as propriedades tensil ajudam a formabilidade da estrutura e a facilitam a impregna??o da resina. Claramente pode-se observar que a estrutura de comp?sito na dire??o de coluna suporta maior tens?o em compara??o com a estrutura na dire??o da carreira. Com rela??o ao teste de flex?o de tr?s pontos, foi poss?vel verificar maior flex?o no sentido da carreira, o que foi esperado. Foi poss?vel pontuar tamb?m outras vantagens como a redu??o de perdas de materiais, homogeneidade na distribui??o da estrutura de malha no molde, redu??o do tempo de produ??o e barateamento nos custos produtivos

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-20T20:04:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LuanCarvalhoSantanaDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2245545 bytes, checksum: 12d2d7b903a4e317e9d386eb57ca0374 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-22T20:17:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LuanCarvalhoSantanaDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2245545 bytes, checksum: 12d2d7b903a4e317e9d386eb57ca0374 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T20:17:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuanCarvalhoSantanaDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2245545 bytes, checksum: 12d2d7b903a4e317e9d386eb57ca0374 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A utiliza??o de res?duos industriais est? em evid?ncia na atualidade, principalmente em fun??o da quest?o ambiental. Nos ?ltimos anos in?meros comp?sitos foram obtidos e estudados, com a utiliza??o de res?duos e fibras vegetais, desmistificando o conceito de que um material s? pode ser chamado de comp?sito se a carga for de refor?o. Obteve e estudou-se um comp?sito de matriz de resina poli?ster (ortoft?lica e tereft?lica) e carga de enchimento de raspa de madeira produzida em marcenarias. Foram estudados os processos de obten??o dos comp?sitos e a caracteriza??o de propriedades mec?nicas, t?rmicas e f?sicas nas amostras dos comp?sitos com fra??o m?ssica de 10, 20 e 30%, para tr?s diferentes granulometrias, totalizando seis formula??es para porcentagens. Por?m, foi escolhida a formula??o com 20%, pois com essa porcentagem j? tinha atingido a satura??o da mistura. Os ensaios realizados foram de tra??o, flex?o, t?rmico, absor??o de ?gua, densidade, biodegrada??o, degrada??o ambiental e MEV. Os comp?sitos obtidos, em todas as formula??es estudadas, apresentaram resist?ncia mec?nica inferior a da matriz, por?m n?o inviabilizou sua utiliza??o para aplica??es onde n?o s?o requeridos significativos esfor?os. Em termos de resist?ncia t?rmica o comp?sito proposto foi competitivo com a resina matriz, tendo comportamento um pouco inferior. Como esperado os comp?sitos apresentaram maiores ?ndices de absor??o de ?gua quando comparados ?s matrizes polim?ricas. A densidade aparente dos comp?sitos n?o apresentou varia??o significativa em rela??o ?s matrizes utilizadas. Demonstrou-se, portanto, que os res?duos agregados ? resina t?m a fun??o de carga de enchimento. O comp?sito foi utilizado para a fabrica??o de tampos de bancos, demonstrando-se sua viabilidade de aplica??o na fabrica??o de estruturas apara baixas solicita??es mec?nicas. / The use of industrial waste is nowadays evident, especially in the environmental issue. In recent years, the results have been obtained with the use of waste and vegetable fibers, the dismemberment of the concept of a material can be called composite. A polyester resin composite (orthophthalic and terephthalic) composite and filler of wood produced in woodworking was obtained and studied. The processes of obtaining composites and a characterization of mechanical, thermal and physical properties in composite samples with a more specific fraction of 10, 20 and 30% were studied for three different granulometries, totaling six formulations for percentages. However, a formulation with 20% was chosen, because with that percentage already had a saturation of the mixture. The tests carried out for tensile, flexural, thermal, water absorption, density, biodegradation, environmental degradation and MEV tests. The composites obtained in all the studied formulations had lower mechanical resistance than the matrix, however it did not make it impossible to use them in applications where no significant efforts are required. In terms of thermal resistance or composite proposed to competitive with a resin matrix, having somewhat lower behavior. As expected the composites presented higher water absorption indices when compared to the polymer matrices. The apparent density of the composites does not present significant variation in relation to the used dimensions. It has been demonstrated, therefore, that the residues aggregated to the resin have a filling charge function. The composite was used for the manufacture of seat tops, demonstrating its feasibility of application in the fabrication of structures for low mechanical stresses.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThercioHCC.pdf: 966680 bytes, checksum: d8523389bd9b4ff916fa03cde47c7153 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-14 / A polyester film has a vast application field, due some properties that are inherent of this kind of material such as, good mechanical resistance, chemical resistance to acids and bases and low production cost. However, this material has some limitations as low superficial tension, flat surface, low affinity to dyers, and poor adhesion which impede the use of the same ones for some finality as good wettability. Among the existent techniques to increase the superficial tension, plasma as energy source is the more promising technique, because of their versatility and for not polluting the environment. The plasma surface polymeric modification has been used for many researchers, because it does not affect the environment with toxic agents, the alterations remains only at nanometric layers and this technique shows expressive results. Then, due to its good acceptance, polyester films were treated with oxygen plasma varying the treatment time from 10 to 60 min with an increase of 10 min to each subsequent treatment. Also, the samples were treated with a gas mixture (nitrogen + oxygen) varying the percentage of each gas the mixture from 0 to 100%, the treatment time remaining constant to all treatments (10 min). After plasma treatment the samples were characterized by contact angle, surface tension, Raman spectroscopy, Infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) and atomic force microscopy, with the aim to study the wettability increase of treated polyester films as its variables. In the (O2/N2) plasma treatment of polyester films can be observed an increase of superficial roughness superior to those treated by O2 plasma. By the other hand, the chemical modification through the implantation of polar groups at the surface is obtained more easily using O2 plasma treatment / Filmes de poli?ster possuem um vasto campo de aplica??o, devido algumas propriedades que s?o inerentes desse tipo de material, tais como boa resist?ncia mec?nica, resist?ncia qu?mica a ?cidos e bases e baixo custo de produ??o. Entretanto possuem limita??es, como baixa tens?o superficial, superf?cie n?o rugosa, pouca afinidade com corantes, e pouca ades?o, que impedem o uso dos mesmos para algumas finalidades principalmente quando esse uso requer que o material possua uma boa molhabilidade. Dentre as varias t?cnicas existentes para aumentar a tens?o superficial, as t?cnicas que utilizam o plasma, como fonte energ?tica, s?o as mais promissoras pela versatilidade e por n?o apresentar agentes nocivos ao meio. A modifica??o superficial de superf?cies polim?ricas por plasma tem sido bastante utilizada, pois a mesma n?o apresenta agentes nocivos ao ambiente, as altera??es promovidas no material s?o de escala nanom?tricas, e comprovadamente ? a t?cnica que tem apresentado resultados mais expressivos. Ent?o, tendo em vista a boa aceitabilidade do uso do plasma em materiais polim?ricos, tratou-se filmes de poli?ster usando plasma com atmosfera gasosa de oxig?nio variando-se o tempo de tratamento de 10 - 60 min com incremento de 10 min a cada tratamento subseq?ente, e tamb?m usou-se a atmosfera gasosa composta por uma mistura de nitrog?nio e oxig?nio, variando a concentra??o gasosa dos mesmos (de 0 100%), para um tempo de tratamento de 10 min. Ap?s o tratamento por plasma as amostras foram caracterizadas por medidas de ?ngulo de contato, tens?o superficial, espectroscopia Raman, Espectroscopia de infravermelho de reflex?o total atenuada (IR-ATR), e microscopia de for?a at?mica (AFM), onde foi caracterizado o aumento na molhabilidade dos filmes tratados por plasma bem como as vari?veis que contribu?ram para tal efeito. O Tratamento de filmes de poli?ster com a mistura de O2 e N2, apresenta uma rugosidade superficial das amostras superior a quando se utiliza somente O2 no tratamento com plasma. Por outro lado a modifica??o qu?mica, isto ?, a implementa??o de componentes qu?micos polares nas superf?cies das amostras ? obtido mais facilmente usando plasma com O2

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-09T22:54:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseAntonioMartinsNeto_TESE.pdf: 2915653 bytes, checksum: 3e8f8a24fb45e2bdcd86834ce7b0d770 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-12T22:54:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseAntonioMartinsNeto_TESE.pdf: 2915653 bytes, checksum: 3e8f8a24fb45e2bdcd86834ce7b0d770 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T22:54:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseAntonioMartinsNeto_TESE.pdf: 2915653 bytes, checksum: 3e8f8a24fb45e2bdcd86834ce7b0d770 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / A constante e atual busca de alternativas sustent?veis tem levado a demanda de esfor?os dos pesquisadores na investiga??o e obten??o de novos materiais, motivando a escalada do desenvolvimento produtivo ecologicamente correto e apresentando solu??es simples e pr?tica com rentabilidade econ?mica vi?vel. Neste sentido, a utiliza??o de materiais procedentes de fontes renov?veis naturais, vegetais, apresenta grande potencial de aplicabilidade e s?o vistos como material alternativo para um desenvolvimento sustent?vel. A sustentabilidade questionada, dentre outros quesitos, depende da renov?vel multiplica??o da mat?ria-prima. Como material alternativo as fibras vegetais podem ser aplicadas para produ??o de uma gama de materiais comp?sitos amenizando o uso de materiais oriundos de fontes n?o renov?veis Nesta tese foram utilizadas mantas de sisal para obten??o de um comp?sito tendo como matriz uma resina poli?ster ortoft?lica. As mantas foram submetidas a tratamento superficial, em ?gua fervente, por 15 minutos. As mantas de fibras de sisal utilizadas tinham, respectivamente, 5%, 10% e 15% da massa do comp?sito. O comp?sito foi obtido e caracterizado mec?nica e termicamente para as formula??es escolhidas. Foram fabricadas v?rias placas do comp?sito para obten??o dos corpos de provas para os ensaios de caracteriza??o obedecendo ?s normas pertinentes. Os comp?sitos obtidos apresentaram resist?ncia mec?nica de tra??o e flex?o inferiores ? da matriz, sendo vi?vel sua utiliza??o onde s?o requeridas baixas solicita??es de carga. O resultado mais expressivo do comp?sito estudado deu-se para a absor??o de energia de impacto, muito superior a da matriz utilizada. Outras propriedades de destaque foram a absor??o em ?leo e a densidade. Provou-se a viabilidade de obten??o do comp?sito para as tr?s formula??es estudadas C5, C10 e C15, cuja mais vi?vel foi a C10. Para demonstrar a viabilidade de utiliza??o do comp?sito foram fabricados um rel?gio de parede, um banco, uma cadeira e uma prateleira, estruturas de baixas solicita??es mec?nicas. Concluiu-se que as mantas de sisal exerceram a fun??o de carga no comp?sito. / The constant search for sustainable alternatives has earned great effort of researchers in research and obtaining new materials, encouraging the rise of eco-friendly productive development and providing simple and practical solutions to economic profitability. In this sense, the use of materials derived from natural renewable sources, vegetables, has great potential applicability to sustainable development. As alternative materials plant fibers can be applied to production of a range of composite materials easing the use of materials derived from non-renewable this thesis were sisal mats used for achieving a composite matrix having as one orthophthalic polyester resin. The webs were subjected to surface treatment in boiling water for 15 minutes. The webs of sisal fibers used were, respectively, 5%, 10% and 15% of the composite weight. The composite was obtained and characterized mechanically and thermally to the chosen formulations. several plates of the composite to obtain the body of evidence for the characterization tests complying with the relevant rules were made. The obtained composites showed strength tensile and bending lower than the array, so it can be used where are required low load requests. The most significant result of the composite studied given to the impact energy absorption, far superior to the matrix used. Other properties were highlighted in oil absorption, and density. It proved the feasibility of obtaining the composite for the three formulations studied C5, C10 and C15 being the most feasible to C10. To demonstrate the feasibility of using composite were made a wall clock, a bench, a chair and a shelf, low mechanical stress structures. It was concluded that the sisal rugs exercised the load function in the composite.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseOO_DISSERT.pdf: 1240113 bytes, checksum: dbf41a478040a880c57e2dbf04e10cda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / The objective of this research is the fabrication of a composite reinforced with dyed sisal fiber and polyester matrix for application in the fields such as, fashion, clothing, interior textiles; fashion accessories are some of the examples. For the fabrication of the composite, the sisal fibers were subjected to processes such as: chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the removal of impurities; bleaching for removing the yellowish color of the natural fiber and dyeing with direct dyes to confer the colors blue, green and orange. The search for new technologies ecologically correct has become a major concern in recent decades. Studies show that composite polymer reinforced by natural fibers is suitable for a large number of applications, and its use is advantageous in terms of economic and ecological. The dyed fibers were cut to a length of 30 mm, is used in the confection of webs. For this purpose, a web preparer by immersion, developed in the Laboratory of Chemical Textile of UFRN. The composite sheets measuring 300 x 300 x3 mm were molded by compression, with unsaturated orthophthalic polyester as matrix, and the samples in sizes 150 x 25 x 3 mm were cut with the aid of a laser machine, to be subjected to traction and flexion. The mechanical properties of traction and flexion in three points were performed in the Laboratory of metal and mechanical tests of Materials Engineering of UFRN. The resulting samples from the tests were evaluated in scanning electron microscope (SEM) at CTGas RN. On the basis of the analysis of the results from the mechanical tests, it was observed that the composite had good mechanical behavior, both in traction as in flexion. Furthermore, it was observed that in the water absorption test, the samples had a different percentage among themselves, this occurred due to the variation of density found in the fibre webs. The images of the SEM showed the failures from the manufacturing process and the adhesion of fibre/matrix. When the samples were prepared with the dyed fibers to be applied in fashion, the results were positive, and it can be concluded that the main objective of this work was achieved / A busca por novas tecnologias ecologicamente corretas tem se tornado uma grande preocupa??o nas ?ltimas d?cadas. Estudos comprovam que comp?sitos polim?ricos refor?ados por fibras naturais s?o adequadas a um grande n?mero de aplica??es e seu uso ? vantajoso em termos econ?micos e ecol?gicos. O objetivo desta pesquisa ? a fabrica??o de um comp?sito refor?ado com fibra de sisal tingida e matriz de poli?ster para aplica??o na moda: vestu?rio, t?xteis lar, acess?rios de moda etc. Para o seu beneficiamento, as fibras de sisal foram submetidas aos diversos processos: tratamento qu?mico com hidr?xido de s?dio (NaOH) na retirada das impurezas; alvejamento para remo??o da cor amarelada natural da fibra e tingimento com corantes diretos para conferir as cores azul, verde e alaranjado. As fibras tingidas foram cortadas com comprimento de 30 mm e utilizadas na confec??o das mantas. Para isso utilizou-se um preparador de manta por imers?o, desenvolvido no Laborat?rio de Qu?mico T?xtil da UFRN. Os comp?sitos medindo 300 x 300 x 3 mm foram moldados por compress?o, com poli?ster insaturado ortoft?lico como matriz, e as amostras nos tamanhos 150 x25 x3 mm foram cortadas com aux?lio de uma m?quina ? laser, para serem submetidas ? an?lise mec?nica de tra??o e flex?o. As propriedades mec?nicas de tra??o e flex?o em tr?s pontos foram realizadas no Laborat?rio de Metais e Ensaios Mec?nicos de Engenharia de Materiais da UFRN. As amostras resultantes das propriedades mec?nicas foram avaliadas no Microscopio Eletronico de Varredura (MEV) no CTG?s RN. Com base nas an?lises dos resultados dos ensaios mec?nicos, observou-se que os compositos tiveram bom comportamento mec?nico, tanto na tra??o como na flex?o. Tamb?m observou-se que no ensaio de absor??o de ?gua, as amostras tiveram um percentual diferente entre si, isso ocorreu devido ? varia??o da densidade encontrada nas mantas. As imagens do MEV mostraram as falhas provenientes do processo de fabrica??o e a ades?o fibra/matriz. Quando foram preparadas as amostras com as fibras tingidas para serem aplicadas na moda, os resultados foram positivos e pode-se concluir que o objetivo principal do presente trabalho foi atingido

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-04-03T14:24:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaDeMeloFernandes_DISSERT.pdf: 2913111 bytes, checksum: dcf264c0d70fe0bcde8d2a01549b8221 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-10T19:05:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaDeMeloFernandes_DISSERT.pdf: 2913111 bytes, checksum: dcf264c0d70fe0bcde8d2a01549b8221 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T19:05:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaDeMeloFernandes_DISSERT.pdf: 2913111 bytes, checksum: dcf264c0d70fe0bcde8d2a01549b8221 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-22 / A deposi??o de filmes finos por plasma melhora v?rias propriedades f?sicas, qu?micas e biol?gicas de superf?cies que contribuem para o enobrecimento dos materiais. O objetivo do trabalho ? estudar a cin?tica de deposi??o de filmes finos de cobre em substratos de vidro e tecido, utilizando a t?cnica da gaiola cat?dica, alterando a espessura da tampa da gaiola e sua rela??o com a varia??o da pot?ncia do tratamento. Devido ? alta temperatura no interior da gaiola, as amostras de tecidos, foram fixadas no flange superior do reator, j? o vidro foi posicionado tanto dentro quanto fora da gaiola, sendo assim, ser? analisado a deposi??o do jato interno e externo da gaiola cat?dica. Filmes finos de cobre caracterizam-se como bom condutor el?trico e t?rmico, o que justifica seu uso em microeletr?nica, e segundo a U.S. Environmental Agency (EPA) existem 282 tipos de ligas de cobre bactericidas, habilitando sua utiliza??o em ambientes est?ril. Assim, realizou-se deposi??es de filmes finos de cobre sobre amostras de vidro, poliamida e poli?ster, variando os par?metros do processo e a espessura da tampa da gaiola. Realizou-se a caracteriza??o por difra??o de Raio-X (DRX), Espectroscopia de Fluoresc?ncia Raios X (FRX), Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura com Emiss?o de Campo (MEV - FEG) com Microan?lise por Espectroscopia por Energia Dispersiva (EDS), Transmit?ncia e Espectroscopia de Fotoel?trons Excitados por Raios-X (XPS). Os resultados mostraram que, ap?s o tratamento, todas as amostras, tanto vidro como tecido, obtiveram cobre em sua estrutura, ou seja, foi poss?vel realizar deposi??o nos substratos independentemente da localiza??o do mesmo, em rela??o a gaiola. No entanto, as amostras internas obtiveram maior taxa de deposi??o. / The deposition of thin films by plasma improves various physical, chemical and biological properties of surfaces that contribute to the ennoblement of the materials. The objective of this work is to study the deposition kinetics of thin films of copper on glass and fabric substrates using the cathodic cage technique, changing the thickness of the cage lid and its relation with the variation of the power of the treatment. Owing to the high temperature inside the cage, the tissue samples were fixed to the upper flange of the reactor, and the glass was positioned both inside and outside the cage, thus analyzing the deposition of the internal jet and external the cathodic cage. Copper thin films are characterized as good electrical and thermal conductors, which justify their use in microelectronics, and according to the U.S. Environmental Agency (EPA) there are 282 types of bactericidal copper alloys, enabling their use in sterile environments. Thus, depositions of thin films of copper were carried out on glass, polyamide and polyester samples, varying the process parameters and the thickness of the cage lid. The characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (FRX), Field-Scanning Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Microanalysis by Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy (EDS), Transmittance and Spectroscopy of X-Ray Excited Photoelectrons (XPS). The results showed that, after treatment, all samples, both glass and fabric, obtained copper in their structure, that is, it was possible to perform deposition on the substrates regardless of the location of the same, relative to the cage. However, the internal samples obtained a higher rate of deposition.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-01T12:12:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaCarolineFernandesCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 2007912 bytes, checksum: 69954dca07d2068ae02c52bd9db08760 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-03T20:10:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaCarolineFernandesCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 2007912 bytes, checksum: 69954dca07d2068ae02c52bd9db08760 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-03T20:10:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaCarolineFernandesCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 2007912 bytes, checksum: 69954dca07d2068ae02c52bd9db08760 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-07 / Apresenta-se um comp?sito formado por resina poli?ster e carga de res?duos de p? de m?rmore (RPM) produzidos pelo corte de pedras ornamentais. O res?duo produzido foi processado para a obten??o de p?s. V?rias formula??es do comp?sito foram testadas, variando-se o percentual de carga em rela??o ?s reninas de poli?ster, cristal ou escura. Todas as formula??es escolhidas, 50% RPM, 100% RPM, 150% RPM, 200% RPM e 250% RPM apresentaram viabilidade de processamento e obten??o do comp?sito. O p? de m?rmore e os comp?sitos produzidos foram caracterizados para a determina??o de propriedades f?sicas, mec?nicas e t?rmicas. Os resultados da caracteriza??o das formula??es do comp?sito mostraram que o p? de m?rmore esteve presente no comp?sito como carga de enchimento. A propriedade em que o comp?sito apresentou melhor resultado que a resina matriz foi ? resist?ncia ao impacto. Analisando-se a processabilidade, todas as formula??es do comp?sito apresentaram-se vi?veis, para as duas resinas estudadas. O comp?sito demonstrou-se vi?vel para a fabrica??o de mesas, cadeiras, pranchas, obras de arte, pe?as para banheiros, divis?rias para ambientes, estruturas que n?o requerem resist?ncia ? grandes esfor?os. Uma importante vantagem do comp?sito estudado ? a diminui??o da quantidade de resina a ser utilizada, uma vez que a carga de p? de res?duo pode alcan?ar 250% em rela??o ? matriz, diminuindo-se o custo do material obtido para a fabrica??o de estruturas diversas. O comp?sito polim?rico mostrou-se vi?vel para substituir pedras de m?rmore e granito naturais. / It presents a composite formed by polyester resin and load of marble dust residues (RPM) produced by the cut of ornamental stones. The residue produced was processed to obtain powders. Several composite formulations were tested by varying the load percentage relative to polyester, crystal or dark renin. All formulations chosen, 50% RPM, 100% RPM, 150% RPM, 200% RPM and 250% RPM presented feasibility of processing and obtaining the composite. The marble powder and composites produced were characterized for the determination of physical, mechanical and thermal properties. The results of the characterization of the composite formulations showed that the marble powder was present in the composite as a filler. The property in which the composite presented better results than the matrix resin was the impact strength. Analyzing the processability all the formulations of the composite were feasible, for the two resins studied. The composite has proven to be feasible for the manufacture of tables, chairs, planks, works of art, parts for bathrooms, partitions for environments, structures that do not require resistance to great efforts. An important advantage of the composite studied is the decrease in the amount of resin to be used, since the residue powder load can reach 250% in relation to the matrix, reducing the cost of the material obtained for the manufacture of various structures. The polymer composite proved to be feasible to replace natural marble and granite stones.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GuilhermeFM.pdf: 1361832 bytes, checksum: 90befe7961c07f2510ca8f988b71da6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This work addresses the production of lightweight concrete building elements, such as plates, prefabricated slabs for pre-molded and panels of fencing, presenting a singular concrete: the Lightweight Concrete, with special properties such low density and good strength, by means of the joint use of industrial waste of thermosetting unsaturated polyesters and biodegradable foaming agent, named Polymeric Lightweight Concrete. This study covered various features of the materials used in the composition of the Polymeric Lightweight Concrete, using a planning of factorial design 23, aiming at studying of the strength, production, dosage processes, characterization of mechanical properties and microstructural analysis of the transition zone between the light artificial aggregate and the matrix of cement. The results of the mechanical strength tests were analyzed using a computational statistics tool (Statistica software) to understand the behavior and obtain the ideal quantity of each material used in the formula of the Polymeric Lightweight Concrete. The definition of the ideal formula has the purpose of obtaining a material with the lowest possible dry density and resistance to compression in accordance with NBR 12.646/92 (≥ 2.5 MPa after 28 days). In the microstructural characterization by scanning electron microscopy it was observed an influence of the materials in the process of cement hydration, showing good interaction between the wrinkled face of the residue of unsaturated polyesters thermosetting and putty and, consequently, the final strength. The attaining of an ideal formula, given the Brazilian standards, the experimental results obtained in the characterization and comparison of these results with conventional materials, confirmed that the developed Polymeric Lightweight Concrete is suitable for the production of building elements that are advantageous for construction / Neste trabalho ? abordada a aplica??o da tecnologia dos concretos leves ? produ??o de elementos construtivos, tais como placas pr?-fabricadas para lajes pr?-moldadas, pain?is de veda??o e pe?as pr?-moldadas, e ao desenvolvimento de um concreto celular com propriedades especiais de baixa densidade e boa resist?ncia mec?nica, em fun??o da utiliza??o conjunta de res?duo industrial de poli?ster insaturado termofixo (PIT) e espuma biodegrad?vel incorporadora de ar, denominado de Concreto Celular Polim?rico (CCP) . O estudo abrangeu diferentes tra?os dos materiais empregados na composi??o do CCP, sendo utilizado um planejamento fatorial 23, para an?lises dos processos de dosagem e produ??o, caracteriza??o das propriedades mec?nicas, bem como an?lises microestruturais da zona de transi??o entre o agregado artificial leve (PIT) e a matriz de cimento. Os resultados dos testes de resist?ncia mec?nica foram analisados utilizando-se uma ferramenta computacional de estat?stica (Statistica Software) para compreens?o do comportamento e obten??o da concentra??o ideal de cada material utilizado na formula??o do CCP. A defini??o da f?rmula ideal teve como finalidade a obten??o de um material com a menor densidade a seco poss?vel e resist?ncia ? compress?o que atendesse ? norma NBR 12.646/92 (≥ 2,5 MPa aos 28 dias). Na caracteriza??o microestrutural por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura, observou-se a influ?ncia dos materiais no processo de hidrata??o do cimento, onde constatou-se boa intera??o entre o res?duo de PIT, cuja face ? enrugada, e a pasta de cimento. A obten??o da formula??o de um novo material que atende ? norma brasileira, os resultados experimentais obtidos nas caracteriza??es e compara??o desses resultados com materiais convencionais, comprovaram que o Concreto Celular Polim?rico desenvolvido ? adequado ? produ??o de elementos construtivos que apresentam vantagens quando aplicados ? constru??o civil

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlcioneOG_DISSERT.pdf: 4986234 bytes, checksum: d81c2eeeb91a55690b1f5b9671a9a5e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-26 / Use of natural fibres as a reinforcement material in the manufacture of composites show a series of advantages: availability, biodegradability, low weight and regeneration in relation to synthetic fibres, thus justifying its utilization. In the present research work, composites were developed with chicken feathers (KF), using unsaturated polyester resin as matrix, for diversified applications, mainly in the furniture/timber industry.At present, in Brazil the chicken feathers are used as part of the animal feed, even though this material possesses low aggregated value. The chicken feathers are hollow, light and resistant. After washing with water at room temperature, a part of the chicken feathers were treated with 2% NaOH. Composites were manufactured using treated and untreated chicken feathers with unsaturated orthothalic polyester resin and 1% peroxide as catalyser, obtained in the commerce. Samples with size 150x25x3 mm for mechanical tests were cut by laser in the composite plate. Mechanical analyses were carried out in the Laborat?rio de Metais e Ensaios Mec?nicos UFRN. All the analyses were in accordance with ASTM standards. SEM analyses were also carried out on the samples.In the analyses of the results obtained, it was observed that the composites made with untreated chicken feathers showed better results (Traction 11.406 MPa and 9.107 MPa Bending 34.947 and 20.918 MPa for samples with and without treatment respectively) compared to the composite with treated feathers. Very low values of the water absorption results, evidenced the impermeability characteristic of the feathers. From the SEM images, the structure, fracture and the fibre/matrix adsorption can be evidenced. In the flammability test, it was observed that despite the feathers having sulfur as a constituent, natural inhibitor of flame, no burning support of the composites, because the manufacturing process of the composite / O uso de fibras naturais como refor?o em comp?sitos apresenta uma s?rie de vantagens: abund?ncia, biodegradabilidade, baixo peso e regenerabilidade em rela??o ?s fibras sint?ticas, justificando sua utiliza??o. Na presente pesquisa foram desenvolvidos comp?sitos com penas de frango (KF), utilizando resina de poli?ster n?o-saturado como matriz. Atualmente, no Brasil, as penas de frango s?o utilizadas como parte de ra??o animal, por?m este produto possui um baixo valor agregado. As penas s?o um material oco, leve e resistente. Ap?s a lavagem com ?gua em temperatura ambiente uma parte das penas foi tratada com 2% de NaOH. Foram fabricados dois comp?sitos, um com as penas tratadas e outro sem tratamento, usando o processo de molde fechado por compress?o, utilizando a resina de poli?ster ortoft?lica e 1% de per?xido MEK (per?xido de metil etil cetona) como iniciador, adquiridos no com?rcio local. As amostras com 150x25x3 mm de tamanho para os ensaios mec?nicos foram cortadas a laser na placa do comp?sito. Os ensaios de tra??o e flex?o em tr?s pontos foram realizados no Laborat?rio de Metais e Ensaios Mec?nicos - UFRN. Todas as an?lises estavam de acordo com as normas da ASTM. As amostras resultantes dos ensaios mec?nicas foram avaliadas no MEV. Com base nas observa??es dos resultados nos ensaios mec?nicos, (Tra??o 11,2 Mpa e 8,3 Mpa; Flex?o 34,9 Mpa e 22,9 MPa para as amostras sem e com tratamento respectivamente) observou-se que os comp?sitos refor?ados com as penas sem tratamento apresentaram um melhor comportamento quando foram expostos a carregamentos tanto de tra??o quanto de flex?o. O ensaio de absor??o evidenciou nos valores de absor??o de ?gua, uma das caracter?sticas da prote?na existente nas penas, a queratina, a sua capaciade de impermiabiliza??o a ?gua. Nas imagens do MEV foi poss?vel verificar a estrutura da pena, as regi?es de ruptura do comp?sito e a ades?o fibra/matriz. No ensaio de inflamabilidade, observou-se que apesar das penas terem como constituinte o enxofre, inibidor natural de chama, n?o houve a susten??o da queima nos comp?sitos, devido o processo de fabrica??o do comp?sito

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoPMS_DISSERT.pdf: 2368005 bytes, checksum: d7875a294c5267dc99db89f3b20a7106 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-14 / In the present work, three composites with distinct reinforcements (polyester, modal e polyester + modal), all if a unsaturated orthophthalic polyester resin as matrix were used, in order to conduct a comparative study by mechanical tests and water absorption. The fibre mats were prepared in a mat preparatory by immersion developed in the Textile Engineering Laboratory. The composites were manufactured using a closed mould process by compression using an unsaturated orthophthalic polyester resin as matrix and 1% MEK (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide) as an initiator. In each composite twelve samples with the dimensions of 150x25x3 mm were cut randomly for the mechanical analysis (tension x extension, three points bending and water absorption and Scanning Electron Micsroscopy). The mechanical tests were carried out in the Laborat?rio de Metais e Ensaios Mec?nicos UFRN . All the analyses were carried out according to the ASTM norms. The resultant samples from the mechanical analysis were subjected for the Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. Based on the results obtained, it was observed that the reinforced composite with two fibres (modal + polyester) presented better results in comparison to the other two composites both in the tension/extension as well on the three point bending tests. In the water absorption test, it was possible to observe an equilibrium in the water absorption by the modal and polyester composite, due to the union of the two fibres. In the SEM images, the regions of rupture in the composites as well as the adsorption between the fiber and the matrix could be observed / No presente trabalho foram fabricados tr?s comp?sitos com refor?os distintos (poli?ster, modal e poli?ster + modal), todos com uma matriz de resina de poli?ster ortofit?lico n?o saturado, com o objetivo de realizar um estudo comparativo atrav?s de ensaios mec?nicos e absor??o d ?gua. As mantas de fibras foram preparadas num preparador de manta por imers?o desenvolvido no Laborat?rio de Engenharia T?xtil da UFRN. Os comp?sitos foram fabricados usando o processo de molde fechado por compress?o, utilizando a resina de poli?ster ortoft?lica e 1% de per?xido MEK (per?xido de metil etil cetona) como iniciador. Em cada comp?sito foram cortadas doze amostras aleatoriamente, com as dimens?es 150x25x3 mm, para avalia??o atrav?s de ensaios mec?nicos (resist?ncia ? tra??o e ? flex?o, absor??o d agua e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura). Os ensaios de tra??o e flex?o em tr?s pontos foram realizados no Laborat?rio de Metais e Ensaios Mec?nicos - UFRN. Todas as an?lises estavam de acordo com as normas da ASTM. As amostras resultantes dos ensaios mec?nicas foram avaliadas no MEV. Com base nos resultados dos ensaios mec?nicos, observou-se que o comp?sito refor?ado com as duas fibras em conjunto (poli?ster+modal) apresentou um melhor comportamento quando foram expostos a carregamentos tanto de tra??o quanto de flex?o. No ensaio de absor??o d agua foi poss?vel observar um equilibribio na absor??o de umidade do comp?sito com modal e poli?ster, devido a uni?o das duas fibras. Nas imagens do MEV foi poss?vel ver as regi?es de ruptura do comp?sito e a ades?o entre a fibra e a matriz