Tennessee Williams utilise pour la première fois l’expression « théâtre plastique » en 1944, dans un essai où il évoque les limites du langage verbal. Ce qu’il recherche, c’est un langage « des sons, des couleurs et des mouvements », un au-delà des mots censé redonner vie à un théâtre réaliste jugé moribond. Il se fixe ainsi pour objectif de retranscrire sur la page la totalité de l’expérience théâtrale. Créateur d’images, le dramaturge se compare fréquemment à un peintre et puise dans l’art pictural les éléments de son nouveau langage. Gauguin, Van Gogh, De Chirico, Hofmann ou encore Pollock font partie de la longue liste d’artistes qui lui ont permis d’échapper à la pétrification dans un mimétisme réaliste associé à l’image photographique. Cités dans ses essais ou dans ses pièces, ils orientent son théâtre vers l’abstraction à laquelle le dramaturge aspire. Or, l’influence des images sur le « théâtre plastique » ne se limite pas seulement à la peinture, la fascination de Williams pour le cinéma a également contribué à façonner son écriture, élargissant encore davantage l’alphabet de son langage théâtral. L’image apparaît en ce sens comme un agent libérateur du langage, un au-delà des mots dans lequel se profile un « je » en marge de la représentation comme système culturellement prédéterminé et prédéterminant. L’écriture de Williams désire l’image. De là vient sa puissance subversive. Le processus créateur tout entier se fonde sur l’entrelacement des logiques sémiotiques propres au langage et à l’image, faisant de l’un l’envers de l’autre, sa moitié indispensable. Le rapport de complémentarité qui unit l’image au langage dans toute l’œuvre de Williams met à jour l’originalité d’une écriture animée par un désir d’image, écriture vivante du théâtre. / When Tennessee Williams coined the phrase “plastic theater” in 1944, he described it as a language of “sounds, colors and movements,” a language freed from the limitations of words. His aim was to breathe new life into what he called “the exhausted theater of realistic conventions.” His ability to put the totality of theatrical experience into words manifests itself in the scripts of his plays. Williams is a creator of pictures, a playwright in the true sense of the word who found in painting and cinema the images he needed to elaborate his new language for the stage and move away from a “photographic likeness” he rejected because it was associated with realism. Gauguin, Van Gogh, De Chirico, Hofmann or Pollock are but a few of the many painters mentioned in his plays or essays who provided him with the means to enrich his vocabulary for the stage and lead his “plastic theater” toward “something more abstract.” But cinema also influenced him, giving him the opportunity to explore new possibilities and create a space between words and images where the elusive truth could be revealed. Images thus helped liberate Williams from the literary traditions as well as from the cultural codes that had defined and confined his writing from the very beginning. The writer who felt “wrapped up in literary style like the bandages of a mummy” found in images the subversive power he needed to express his true self and breathe life into words that he had always wanted to be “more than words.” From “the language of vision” to “organic writing,” Williams’s “plastic theater” evinces a desire for images.

This dissertation considers Jef Geys as an archivist of the cultural shifts of the ’60s and ’70s in Europe amidst the reception of American Pop in Belgium. Between these decades, Geys archived and played back the social and cultural effects of Pop to engage with the newly defined middle class that was constructed to account for and implement changes in both professional and social settings. Geys’s archive was instrumental in his roles as an artist and educator and he used it to reinterpret the implications of Pop. Geys’s consideration of Pop expanded its implications to test Pop’s institutional and social alignments in relation to the question of geography and population.

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No description available.

Le grand projet à l’origine de la réalisation de cette thèse est de proposer une nouvelle manière de comprendre la nature instable et décloisonnée du pop art, ce courant pictural presque sorti de l’histoire de l’art pour s’ériger en signe diffus de la culture populaire.Les enjeux plus conceptuels, qu’il dissimule derrière une imagerie devenue familière, sont pourtant d’une importance capitale pour la reconfiguration de la définition contemporaine de l’œuvre d’art. Toujours entre surface et profondeur, l’image pop se développe insidieusement.Le concept de « coïncidence des opposés », hérité d’une tradition théologico-philosophique dont Nicolas De Cues est le dépositaire le plus illustre, nous servira d’outil opératoire pour tenter de comprendre les implications sémantiques liées à la nature glissante de cet espace artistique aux contours flous. L’instabilité de ses frontières s’exprime d’abord par la proximité entre « art » et « non-art ». Elle s’illustre ensuite et surtout par le développement d’une multitude de microstructures internes reproduisant le même schéma conceptuel de « coïncidence des opposés ». Nous utiliserons alors, pour faciliter notre approche philosophique le concept d’ « ambivalences instables ».Trois grands moments jalonneront notre enquête. Ils seront synthétisés par les trois notions suivantes : « le paradoxe de la destruction créatrice », « la littéralité anti-littérale », et « la désacralisation hyper-sacralisée ». / The aim of this PhD project is to propose a new way of understanding the profoundly unstable and essentially decompartmentalized nature of pop art, this pictorial stream which is almost going beyond the scope of art history to elevate itself to be a vague symbol of popular culture.However, its familiar image hides more conceptual matters of dispute which are of crucial importance when it comes to reconfiguring the contemporary definition of a work of art. Always between surface and depth, pop imagery is developing insidiously.The “coincidence of opposites” concept, inherited from a theological-philosophical tradition, with Nicolas De Cues as its most famous depositary, will be used as an operating tool in our attempt to understand the semantic implications bound to the changing nature of this artistic space, the limits of which are still clearly blurry. This fuzziness of its frontiers appears first and foremost through the proximity between “art” and “non-art”, and then, most of all, through the development of a multitude of internal microstructures mimicking the pattern of the “coincidence of opposites” concept. In order to facilitate the philosophical flexibility of our approach, we will therefore use the concept of “unstable ambivalences”. Three milestones mark our investigation. They are summarized by the three following notions: “the creative destruction paradox”,”anti-literal literalism” and ”hyper-sacralized desecration”.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T21:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Lais Quintella Malta Lessa1.pdf: 2945936 bytes, checksum: d3e25073feff799a26416c65c5cabb2c (MD5) Lais Quintella Malta Lessa2.pdf: 2673951 bytes, checksum: 5e8127363a4427999714a6d6021cfb71 (MD5) Lais Quintella Malta Lessa3.pdf: 2562198 bytes, checksum: a033cb82025efa8a63f7c56b684b3543 (MD5) Lais Quintella Malta Lessa4.pdf: 2789595 bytes, checksum: 0ae4ab36c01f425d2f3567ae6677a6a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-03 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / Through an interdisciplinary analysis between art and publicity, this study seeks to establish the relationship amid the propaganda spread in the post-war period in the United States and the Pop Art Movement. Focusing the changes that have occurred in the season with these two issues will prove that what happened with the Movement Pop and advertising, may be established as a homogenous relationship, in which symbols, icons and popular myths were portrayed in ways similar to works by artists and advertising of the period studied. This uniformity will be revealed through a semiotic analysis of advertisements and works of the movement, to develop critical values that might widen the scope of professional actuation of communication, and allow the knowledge and approach the subject, in reflection of their creations committed to the social and economic juncture of the season. / Por meio de uma análise interdisciplinar entre arte e publicidade, o presente estudo busca estabelecer a relação em meio à propaganda veiculada no período do pós-guerra nos Estados Unidos e o Movimento Pop Art. Evidenciar as transformações ocorridas na época com essas duas temáticas irá comprovar que o ocorrido com o Movimento Pop e a publicidade, pode ser estabelecido como uma relação homogênea, na qual símbolos, mitos e ícones populares eram retratados de maneiras similares em trabalhos de artistas e publicitários do período estudado. Esta homogeneidade será revelada por meio de uma análise semiótica entre anúncios publicitários e obras do movimento, no sentido de desenvolver criticamente valores que possam ampliar as possibilidades de atuação dos profissionais da comunicação, assim como permitir o conhecimento e a abordagem do tema, na reflexão de suas criações comprometidas com a conjuntura social e econômica da época.

It is difficult to say that anything will be proven in this thesis of mine. I think of it more as an account of some things that happened in my artwork over the course of graduate school and my earlier development as an artist. Some influences are listed, but certainly not all of them. Likewise, the work that is mentioned in this paper represents a sampling rather than an in-depth survey. I don't have any tables or charts.

Tendo como hipótese a de que as teorias teatrais podem ser utilizadas para a análise e para o estímulo da produção de arquitetura e urbanismo configura-se, nesta tese, um campo interdisciplinar cujo foco é a produção do arquiteto e cenógrafo Flávio Império(1935-1985). Império é um importante elo entre o teatro e a arquitetura vanguardistas produzidas em São Paulo, especialmente durante o período em que foi professor da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAU-USP); por esse motivo adota-se esse período como o recorte temporal desta pesquisa. Em São Paulo, o engajamento político dos arquitetos e dos artistas do teatro, ao longo da década de 1960, os levaram a desenvolver linguagens artísticas bastantes distintas, apesar de compartilharem objetivos políticos e sociais similares. A análise da produção arquitetônica e cenográfica de Império, complementada com a de outros artistas próximos ao seu contexto, permite descrever as convergências e divergências entre a linguagem arquitetônica brutalista, como defendida por Vilanova Artigas (1915-1985), arquiteto e professor da FAU-USP, e o teatro épico brechtiano valorizado pelos grupos Teatro de Arena e Teatro Oficina, junto aos quais Império trabalhou intensamente. O atrito entre estas duas linguagens (a arquitetônica e a teatral) manifesta-se na produção realizada por Império junto com os arquitetos Sérgio Ferro (1938) e Rodrigo Lefèvre (1938-1984), em que o pensamento utópico e desenvolvimentista, característico do brutalismo paulistano, confrontava-se com as propostas realistas e de exploração do cotidiano, defendidas por Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956). O retrocesso democrático produzido pelo Golpe Civil-militar de 1964 e pela consolidação da ditadura como Ato Institucional n.5 (AI-5) em 1968, colocam à prova estas distintas opções artísticas. A arquitetura reage reforçando a autonomia do seu campo disciplinar e artístico, enquanto que o teatro, em sentido oposto, coloca em cheque a pertinência das estratégias políticas e artísticas enrijecidas, e isso se pode observar na produção Tropicalista, intensa em muitos campos artísticos, mas não no ambiente cultural da FAU-USP. Enquanto o teatro, e as artes plásticas, exploraram os aspectos rituais, imagéticos e corporais da produção cultural, questionando o status do objeto artístico, os arquitetos mantiveram-se fiéis à espacialidade e à temporalidade abstrata e impessoal do modernismo. Estas questões são aqui desenvolvidas e analisadas tendo como referência as ideias teatrais influentes naquele período - partilhadas por Império - e foram utilizadas como ferramenta crítica desta produção arquitetônica e urbanística. / Adopting the hypothesis that theatrical theories can be used to analyze and stimulate the production of architecture and urbanism, this thesis set up an interdisciplinary field focusing on the production of the architect and set designer Flávio Império (1935-1985). Império is an important link between the avant-garde theater and architecture produced in São Paulo, especially during the period when he was professor at the School of Architecture and Urbanism at USP - University of São Paulo (FAU-USP); for that reason this period is adopted as the temporal cut of this research. In São Paulo, the political engagement of the architects and the theater artists throughout the 1960s led them to develop some rather distinct artistic languages, in spite of sharing similar social and political goals. The analysis of the architectural and scenographic production of Império, complemented by the analysis of the other artists close to his context, allows us to describe the convergences and divergences between the brutalist architectural language, as adopted by Vilanova Artigas (1915-1985),architect and professor at FAU- USP, and the brechtian epic theater valued by the groups Teatro de Arena and Teatro Oficina, where Império worked intensively. The friction between these two languages (architectural and theatrical) is manifested in the production carried out by Império along with the architects Sérgio Ferro (1938) and Rodrigo Lefèvre (1938-1984), in which utopian and developmentalist thinking - characteristic of the brutalist architecture produced in São Paulo - were confronted with the realist and exploitative proposals of daily life defended by Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956). The democratic retrogression produced by the1964 civil-military coup and the consolidation of the dictatorship with the Ato Institucional n.5(AI-5) in 1968 put these different artistic options to the test. Architecture reacts by reinforcing the autonomy of its disciplinary and artistic field, while the theater, in an opposite sense, puts in check the pertinence of stiffened political and artistic strategies, which can be observed in the Tropicalist production - intense in several artistic fields, but not in the cultural environment of FAU-USP. Whereas theater and the visual arts explored the ritual, imagetic, and corporeal aspects of cultural production, questioning the status of the artistic object, architects remained faithful to the abstract and impersonal spatiality and temporality of modernism. These questions are developed and analyzed here, with reference to the theatrical ideas that were influential in that period - shared by Império - which were used as a critical tool of this architectural and urbanistic production.

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Believing that one thing was real only if it corresponded with others, Ray Johnson highlighted the connections between himself and famous artists such as Marcel Duchamp. The ways the two artists thought and how they shaped their lives corresponded like two elements in Johnson's collages. My study of Johnson through the lens of Duchamp allows me to discuss two highly intellectual and creative artists. I address the few direct interactions between Johnson and Duchamp as well as their mutual acquaintances who served as conduits of information, particularly in Johnson's direction. This dissertation focuses on Johnson's creative engagement with Duchamp and begins to explicate the depth and richness of that interchange. Each chapter focuses on several key works by Johnson, ranging from some of his earliest collages to what was perhaps the last work he completed. Through these works I explore the correspondences between the two artists outside of their individual works, with each chapter looking at one major theme including language, the viewer, performance, and identity. I outline the relationship between Duchamp and Johnson, using the selected collages to demonstrate how the synergy of the two artists is manifested in Johnson's work. My work sheds light on the enigmatic Johnson who has only very recently come under critical and historical investigation. By looking at Duchamp from this unique perspective I am also contributing to our understanding of one of the most influential artists of the twentieth century. Most artists after Duchamp felt that they worked in his shadow but Johnson's relationship to the elder artist was different. He seems to have understood Duchamp better than almost anyone and therefore was able to selectively choose his inheritance--defining himself alongside and against Duchamp. / text