Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1980.

作為世界上人口最多的國家，中國曾經是世界上人口增長速度最快的國家之一。為了減輕人口過快增長對經濟社會發展的不利影響，中國在20世紀70年代開始實施旨在減少人口數量增長和提高人口素質的人口和計劃生育政策，這項政策的實施以及經濟社會的快速發展，使得中國在短短20多年的時間內走過了發達國家幾百年才能完成的人口轉變歷程。 本研究評估過去中共人口政策的演變，以及對各方面的正負面影響。中國經濟改革開放以後，提倡一胎化政策的實施對中國的人口發展有著重大影響。其最直接的影響是加快了中國人口由高增長向低增長方式的轉變，促進了中國生育率的下降。隨著生育率的下降，給中國的經濟增長帶也來了很強的效應。另外，提高婦女地位、就業壓力的減緩、健康、教育方面也有一定程度的改善。本文透過對人口問題的深入探討，找出問題存在的癥結。對當前經濟和社會發展影響最大的人口問題主要包括幾個：一是人口性別比例失調問題；二是年齡結構變化相伴隨的人口老齡化問題：三是與前兩個問題有密切關係的獨生子女問題：四是四二一綜合症。 / Abstract China is not only the most populous nation in the world, the country was also among one of the fastest population growing countries. To reduce and minimize the negative impacts to economic and society from rapid population growth, China started implementing various population policies to elevate population superiority by decelerating population growth in the late1970’s, after 20 years such policies allowed China made swift and significant economic and society progresses, which is unprecedented among the developed nations, such changes and swiftness might take few hundred years to transform and accomplish. This research evaluates the evolution in China’s population policies, and focus on the positive and negative aspects from implementing such policies. After China opened its door to the world, the realization of “one-child” policy has affected China’s population growth drastically. The one-child policy has directly impacted on the transformation from previous high population growth, to current low growth rate, it also, deceased the birth rate in China. The result of the birth rate reduction also facilitated the current China’s robust economic growth. Furthermore, it elevated women’s social status and lightened the employment competitiveness, and there are significant improvement in health and education. This paper, thoroughly analyze the predicaments in population and attempt to seek the rationale for their existence. The current economic and society issues involved the following: 1. population unbalance in male and female proportions, 2. the change in age structures towards majority elderly population, 3. problems from one-child policy, 4. issues with “four-two-one” syndrome.

This thesis investigates and interprets the origins and political discourses of the post World War II population movement in the United States. It argues that this movement, in part, was artificially created by members of the upper social class. Its most important representatives were the founder of the Population Council, John D. Rockefeller III and the owner of the Dixie Cup Company, Hugh Moore. Reasons for their interest in population control can be found in their concern for the national security of the United States which, they believed, was challenged by Communist expansion. Equally important was their attempt to perpetuate their upper-class privileges by ensuring the continuation of the existing political and social order in the United States. The ideology employed was "overpopulation." But while the image was overcrowding, it was not the industrialized, densely populated countries that were accused of being overpopulated but rather the poor, underdeveloped, often sparsely populated nations in the Third World. Or, similarly, the poor in the US were accused of being the main cause of all kinds of social ills. As poor countries had a higher population growth rate and as poor people tended to have more children than rich people, the poor were the main target of population control. This study, then, shows how pronatalism and antinatalism, the two variants of the population movement, capitalized on the political and social setting of their time in the United States. Although the antinatalists' apparent goal was population control in general, the poor were their main target while the wealthy population, as supporters of American values, did not have to be controlled in number. Similarly, the pronatalists seemingly desired to increase US birth rates, but mainly addressed the more privileged portions of the American population. The attitude toward the poor, and here explicitly toward the Third World, remained antinatalist. / Master of Arts

by Ho Sau Lan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-85). / ABSTRACT / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT / CONTENTS / LIST OF TABLES / CHAPTERS / Chapter 1. --- DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERN AND POPULATION POLICIES / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.2 --- Current literature on China's demography / Chapter 1.3 --- Recent demographic trend in China / Chapter 1.4 --- Policies for controlling birth / Chapter 2. --- EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION / Chapter 2.1 --- Explanations of the demographic transition / Chapter 2.2 --- Granger-causality / Chapter 2.3 --- Test specification / Chapter 2.4 --- Data specification / Chapter 2.5 --- Test procedure / Chapter 2.6 --- Empirical results / Chapter 2.7 --- Summary / Chapter 2.8 --- Problem of the tests / Chapter 3. --- FERTILITY CHANGE IN THE REFORM PERIOD1979-1987 / Chapter 3.1 --- The economic reform / Chapter 3.2 --- Effects of the economic reform and other economic factors on fertility / Chapter 3.3 --- Data specification / Chapter 3.4 --- Statistical specification / Chapter 3.5 --- Empirical Results / Chapter 3.6 --- Summary / Chapter 4. --- CONCLUDTNG REMARKS / Chapter 5. --- APPENDIX A： GLOSSARY OF SOME DEMOGRAPHIC TERMS / Chapter 6. --- APPENDIX B： SOURCES OF DATA / Chapter 7. --- BIBLIOGRAPHY

Zhang, Jiayu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-147). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.iiii / Table of Contents --- p.viii / List of Abbreviations --- p.ix / List of Figures --- p.x / List of Tables --- p.x / Chapter Chapter I: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1. 1 --- What happened to China´ةs SRB? --- p.1 / Chapter 1. 2 --- Women´ةs Human Rights as important Human Rights --- p.3 / Chapter 1. 3 --- SRB and Women´ةs Rights --- p.6 / Chapter 1. 4 --- Research Purpose and Methods --- p.7 / Chapter 1. 5 --- Research Outline --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter II. --- The Particular Features in China´ةs SRB --- p.20 / Chapter 2. 1 --- The Regional Features in SRB --- p.20 / Chapter 2. 2 --- The Ethnic Features in SRB --- p.23 / Chapter 2. 3 --- The Features by Birth Order --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter III. --- The Causes of Imbalanced SRB --- p.26 / Chapter 3. 1 --- The Proximal Causes --- p.26 / Chapter 3. 2 --- The Fundamental Cause --- p.31 / What Encourage son preference in China? --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Cultural and Historical Factors --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Economic Factors --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Law and policy as a Structural Factor --- p.40 / Political Silence --- p.42 / Economic Subordination --- p.43 / Sexual Subordination --- p.48 / Birth Control --- p.50 / Chapter Chapter IV. --- The Consequences of Imbalanced SRB from a Human Rights Perspective --- p.58 / Human Rights Violation against Women in the SRB Issues --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1 --- Rights Violations Which Cause the Distorted SRB --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2 --- Rights Violations for Which the Abnormal SRB is a Cause --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Trafficking in Women --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Sexual Crimes --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Women´ةs Civil and Political Rights --- p.73 / Chapter Chapter V. --- Women´ةs Human Rights Mechanism and Domestic Measures Adopted to Control Abnormal SRB --- p.76 / Chapter 5.1 --- The International Human Rights Fundamental for Protecting Women's Human Rights --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- International Human Rights Treaties --- p.77 / Charter of the United Nations --- p.77 / The ICCPR and the ICESCR --- p.79 / CEDAW --- p.80 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Monitoring Treaty Bodies and Monitoring Mechanism --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2 --- Domestic Laws and Policies Adopted by Chinese Government to Control the Abnormal SRB --- p.88 / What are the Chinese Government´ةs Responses to SRB issue? --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Laws and Policies that Aim to Control Prenatal Sex Selection and Infanticide --- p.90 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Measures that Aim to Dilute Son Preference --- p.96 / Political Participation --- p.98 / Economic Situation --- p.100 / Provide Some Resolution to Women's Sexual Subordination --- p.107 / Extra-Legal Measures Government Used to Change Son Preference Culture --- p.109 / Chapter 5. 3 --- Implications and Suggestions --- p.113 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Forbidding Prenatal Sex Selection Can not Pull up the Roots --- p.115 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Gender-Equal Laws are Still Problematic --- p.115 / States Parties´ة Responsibilities and Legal Remedies --- p.116 / Equal Treatment vs. Special Protection --- p.118 / Other Problems in Domestic Law --- p.123 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Extra-legal Actions Failed to Touch Patriarchal Culture --- p.124 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Loose the Birth Control Policy --- p.127 / Chapter Chapter VI. --- Conclusion --- p.130 / Bibliography --- p.136 / List of Abbreviations / SRB: Sex Ratio at Birth / NPFPCC : National Population and Family Planning Commission of China / PFPCC: Population and Family Planning Commission of China / NPC: National People´ةs Congress / TAR: Tibet Autonomous Region / UDHR: Universal Declaration of Human Rights / ICCPR: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights / "ICESCR: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights" / CEDAW: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women / List of Figures / "Figure 1-1: Sex Ratio at Birth in China, 1982-2005" / Figure 2-1: Overall SRB Tendency and Regional Differences in Chin / "Figure 2-2: SRB by Province in 1982, 1990, 2000, 2005" / "Figure 2-3: SRB by Birth Order, 1982-2005" / "Figure 3-1: SRB by Birth Order: South Korea, 1980-2001" / "Figure 3-2: SRB by Birth Order: China, 1982-2000" / List of Tables / Table 3-1: Investigation to parents' gender expectation to first birth child / "Table 4-1: Surplus Males, Aged 15-34, China" / "Table 5-1: Female Participation in Political Decision-making, 1995-2000" / "Table 5-2: Number of Female Student by Level of Regular School, 1998-2001"

Yang, Ling. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-79). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Abstract in Chinese --- p.ii / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Contents --- p.iv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.5 / Chapter 3 --- Review of Major Findings --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1 --- "Estimation of ""Missing Females""" --- p.9 / Chapter 3.2 --- "Estimation of ""Missing Girls""" --- p.11 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Reverse Survival Methods --- p.12 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Reconstruction of Birth Cohort --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Reported Death and Surviving Children --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Projection Based on Fertility Level --- p.15 / Chapter 4 --- "Decomposition of ""Missing Girls""" --- p.17 / Chapter 5 --- Empirical Analysis --- p.20 / Chapter 5.1 --- Choice of Variables --- p.20 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Choice of Model Life Table: xq*m0 and xq*f0 --- p.20 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Choice ofNatural Level of SRB: SRB* --- p.21 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- "Determining the Reporting Ratio and Cohort Size: sm,x(x),sf,x(x), lm,x(x) and lf,x(x)" --- p.21 / Chapter 5.2 --- Empirical Results --- p.26 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- National-level Estimates --- p.26 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Provincial-Level Estimates --- p.28 / Chapter 6 --- Regression Analysis --- p.35 / Chapter 6.1 --- Model --- p.35 / Chapter 6.2 --- Discussion of Explanatory Variables --- p.37 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Policy Implementation --- p.37 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Demographic Characters --- p.38 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Social-economic Development --- p.41 / Chapter 6.3 --- Data and Descriptive Statistics --- p.42 / Chapter 6.4 --- Estimation Results --- p.45 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Future Extension --- p.48 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.49 / Appendix --- p.50 / Chapter A.l --- "Calculating Number of ""Missing Grils"": Procedures and Assumptions" --- p.50 / Chapter A.2 --- Census Questionnaire --- p.55 / Chapter A.3 --- Assumptions and Procedures to Derive Prefectural-level Estimates --- p.61 / Chapter A.4 --- Questionnaire of Death Event in Census 2000 --- p.63 / Chapter A.5 --- Size of Migration Population --- p.64 / Chapter A.6 --- Previous Fertility Outcomes and Reporting Behavior --- p.72 / References --- p.76 / Figures --- p.80 / Tables --- p.83

Yi, Junjian. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-98). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- The Effect of the One-Child Policy on the Sex Ratios Imbalance in China --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Background --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The One-Child Policy in China --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- The Increase of the Sex Ratio in China --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3 --- Empirical Strategy and Data Description --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Empirical Strategy --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Data Description --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4 --- Empirical Results --- p.25 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Basic Results --- p.25 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- The Effect of the One-Child Policy by Registration Type --- p.29 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- The Effect of the One-Child Policy by Birth Order --- p.32 / Chapter 1.5 --- Sensitivity Analysis --- p.36 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- The Dynamic Pattern of the DD estimates by Birth Year --- p.37 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- The Geographic Pattern of the DD Estimates by Provinces and Autonomous Regions --- p.41 / Chapter 1.6 --- Conclusion --- p.43 / Chapter 2 --- The Effect of Sex Ratios Imbalance on Criminal Behavior --- p.45 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Mechanism by which High Sex Ratios Increase Crime Rates --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Demographic Composition Effect --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Marriage Threshold Effect --- p.58 / Chapter 2.3 --- Empirical Strategy and Data Description --- p.64 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Empirical strategy --- p.64 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Data Description --- p.67 / Chapter 2.4 --- Empirical Results --- p.72 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Fixed Effects Estimation --- p.72 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Fixed Effects Instrumental Variables Estimation --- p.75 / Chapter 2.5 --- Robust Tests --- p.82 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Measurement Error of Sex Ratios --- p.82 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Measurement Error of Crime Rates --- p.84 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Omitted Variables --- p.85 / Chapter 2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.86

中國是世界上人口最多的國家，公元2000年已達12.6億人，占全球的五分之一強，因此，中國的人口政策及其成敗受到全球普遍的關注。其人口政策50餘年來的發展，呈現著左右搖擺的反覆現象。 　　1971年~1998年實施計劃生育政策期間，人口效益共計少生了3.38億人；經濟效益則為國家和家庭節省了7.4萬億元；社會效益有：1.減緩社會的就業壓力；2.促進教育事業的發展；3.改善健康狀況；4.提高婦女地位，以及其他的資源效益和環境效益等等。 　　計劃生育的負面效應則有：1.「四．二．一」綜合症；2.人口高齡化；3.獨生子女教養問題；4.性別比失調；5.人口素質逆淘汰；6.徵兵困難；7.體壇後繼乏人；8.幹部與群眾之間矛盾日益尖銳。 　　對大陸未來人口政策可能走向的研析： 　　甲案為：全大陸普遍允許雙方為獨生子女的夫婦可以生育二孩，此方案影響最小。城鎮夫婦雙方為獨生子女的概率將從目前不到1％升至2020 年的40％，農村則一直為1％。據預測，2010年總人口為13.8億，2040年達到峰值15.5 億後進入負增長，2050年減至15.2億。 　　乙案為：全大陸城鄉只要一方是獨生子女的夫婦（包括雙方都是獨生子女）可以生育二孩。此方案影響較大，據估計，城鎮夫婦中一方為獨生子女從2000年的15％增至2020年的87％，農村則從1％增加到19％。2010年總人口為13.88億，峰值在2045年將接近15.9億。 　　丙為折衷方案，即在城鎮允許雙方是獨生子女的夫婦、在農村允許一方是獨生子女的夫婦可以生二孩，影響介於甲乙案。即2010年為13.77~13.88億，峰值在2040~2045年約為15.5~15.9億然後進入負增長。 / Presently, China is the most populated country in the world. Its population has reached 1.26 billion in 2000-more than one fifth of the worldwide population. As a result, the outcome of China’s population policy has become an issue of global concern. However, China has been swung back and forth on its "birth control" policy in the past fifty years. 　　During 1971~1998, when Chinese government enforced the "one child" policy, the birth rate has effectively reduced the population growth by 338 million, and a saving of a total of $74 zillion dollars for the government and the people. The society also benefits on: (1.) less pressure and competition on the employment ; (2.) more educational resources for the people ; (3.) more improvement on health condition ; ( 4.) a promotion of social status for women ; (5.) better distribution of other resource and preservation of the environment. 　　The downsides from the practice of the "one child" policy are: (1.) a syndrome from the [4-2-1] family structure ; (2.) aging of the population; (3.) difficulty in discipline the single child of the family; (4.) inappropriate gender ratio ; (5.) reverse selection of population quality ; (6.) difficulty in military draft ; (7) inferior outplays in athletic performance ; (8) confliction between birth control administration officers and the general public. 　　Based on the research, three population policies China may adapt in the future. To be qualified to have two children, 　　A) For families in both villages and cities, allow parent who were both from single child families to have a second child. However, this scheme has the least impact with a predict population of 1.38 billion in 2010. In the long term, the low rate of birth will create a peak population of 1.55 billion followed by a negative population growth after 2040. 　　B) For families in both villages and cities, parents who were either or both from single child family are allowed to have a second child. However, this scheme has most impact with a predict population of 1.388 billion in 2010. In the long term, the low rate of birth will create a peak population of 1.59 billion followed by a negative population growth after 2045. 　　C) For families in cities, parents who were both from single child families, and for families in villages, parents who are either or both from single child family, are allowed to have a second child. However, this scheme has the mediate impact with a predict population of 1.377~1.388 billion in 2010. In the long term, the low rate of birth will create a peak population of 1.55~1.59 billion followed by a negative population growth after 2040~2045.

Die Ursache der Nachwuchsschwäche ist der Geburtenrückgang. Quantitative demografische Determinanten sind auf ideelle Merkmalsausprägungen der Bevölkerung und strukturelle Eigenschaften der Gesellschaft zurückzuführen. Die niedrige Fertilität führt als einflussreiche Kenngröße zu einem Bevölkerungsrückgang und zu altersstrukturellen Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung der Bevölkerung, die mit weitreichenden und umfassenden gesellschaftlichen Konsequenzen einhergehen. Indem die Konsequenzen künftig insbesondere auf junge Generationen zurückwirken werden und somit zugleich die Ursachen der niedrigen Geburtenrate verstärken, entfaltet die demografische Entwicklung eine Eigendynamik. Maßnahmen zur Nachwuchssicherung treffen jedoch auf ungünstige Handlungsvoraussetzungen. Monetäre und materielle Fertilitätsanreize sind von unterschiedlicher demografischer Wirksamkeit und haben an Bedeutung verloren. Gesellschaft und Staat haben den Fokus von einer reaktionären Symptomkurierung, die eine passive Gestaltung der Konsequenzen verfolgt, auf eine aktive Ursachenbekämpfung zu richten. Es zeigt sich, dass auf der nationalen Ebene die größten Handlungspotentiale erschlossen werden können. / The reason for insufficient offspring is a decline in the birth rate. Quantitative demographic determinants can be explained by ideal characteristic values of population as well as structural properties of society. The low fertility as an influential parameter causes not only a decline in population but also age-structural changes in the composition of population, which come along with extensive social consequences. As consequences will retroact especially on young generations and therefore increasing the reasons for a low birth rate, the demographic trend unfolds its own momentum. However, measures to secure sufficient offspring encounter unfavourable conditions for action. Monetary and material incentives of fertility are of different demographic effectiveness and have lost importance. Instead of pursuing a passive arrangement of the consequences of demographic change by unprogressively treating the symptoms, society and state have to focus on fighting the causes of the decline in the birth rate actively. It turns out that the largest potential for actions can be developed at the national level.

Submitted by Gilvan Almeida (gilvan.almeida@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2016-09-26T14:06:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 197.pdf: 2558637 bytes, checksum: 2898ec090dce064508ba7eef51ba68db (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Barata Manoel (msbarata@coc.fiocruz.br) on 2016-10-13T17:04:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 197.pdf: 2558637 bytes, checksum: 2898ec090dce064508ba7eef51ba68db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T17:04:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 197.pdf: 2558637 bytes, checksum: 2898ec090dce064508ba7eef51ba68db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / Esta tese tem como foco o Centro de Pesquisas e Atenção Integral à Mulher e à Criança. O recorte temporal se inicia em 1975, ano de início efetivo do CPAIMC, e finaliza em 1994, ano do seu fechamento. Envolto em polêmicas, acusado de realizar esterilizações em massa em populações pobres da cidade, alvo de uma Comissão Parlamentar Mista de Inquérito pelo poder legislativo federal e com dificuldades financeiras, fechou suas portas em 1994. Criado por Hélio Aguinaga junto ao Hospital Escola São Francisco de Assis da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, defendo a hipótese de que o CPAIMC se caracterizou como um espaço ambivalente em que postulados de atenção primária em saúde, integralidade e atendimento às populações marginalizadas conviviam com um projeto de controle populacional sob influência de entidades internacionais envolvidas com projetos de controle demográfico, principais financiadoras de suas atividades. Inicialmente, abordo a constituição da percepção de que o mundo passava por excesso populacional e a organização de entidades internacionais engajadas em frear o crescimento populacional dos países do chamado terceiro mundo. Em seguida, analiso a recepção dessa tese dentro do Brasil a partir de alguns setores sociais, como economistas, a Igreja e, em especial, médicos ginecologistas obstetras. O segundo capítulo trata da estrutura de funcionamento e do financiamento do CPAIMC, assim como o seu ocaso. O terceiro capítulo trata dos fundamentos ideológicos que justificavam a existência do CPAIMC, tendo como foco a figura de Hélio Aguinaga, seu diretor-geral. Por fim, abordo os movimentos de oposição ao projeto do CPAIMC, a já referida CPMI no início da década de 1990 e que culminaram na criação da Lei de Planejamento Familiar em 1996. / This thesis focuses on the Centre for Research and Integral Care for Women and Children (Centro de Pesquisas e Atenção Integral à Mulher e à Criança - CPAIMC).The time frame of this research begins in 1975, year of effective beginning of CPAIMC’s activities, and ends in 1994. Involved in controversies, accused of mass sterilization of poor women of Rio de Janeiro, target of a Mixed Parliamentary Commission of Enquiry (CPMI) by the Federal Legislative Power and facing financial troubles, closed its doors in 1994. Created by Hélio Aguinaga next to Federal University of Rio de Janeiro’s St. Francis Hospital (Hospital Escola São Francisco de Assis da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), I support the hypothesis that CPAIMC was a ambivalent institution in which postulates like primary health care, integral health and attention to marginalized communities coexisted with a population control orientation, under influence of international agencies, involved in demographic control projects and major funder of CPAIMC. Initially I focus on how the world started to perceive by overpopulation, especially by the end of World War II and how international agencies engaged themselves in limit the population growth of Third World countries. Then, I analyze the reception of this engagement in Brazil by a series of important social actors, such as economists, Catholic Church and, specially, obstetrics and gynecology doctors. The second chapter addresses the CPAIMC’s operational a financial structure, as well as its collapse. The third chapter deals with the ideological basis that justified the existence of CPAIMC, focusing on the figure of Hélio Aguinaga, its general-director. I finalize the thesis by focusing the opposition movements against CPAIMCs activities and the CPMI in the beginning of the 1990’s that culminated on the creation of the Family Planning Law in 1996.