Analysis of the selected company was made on firm which provides SPA treatment. Results of analysis of external enviroment are negative influence of political and economic factors. Most positive impact have technological factors. Best results of the financial analysis reached indicators of liquidity, debt and indicators of bankruptcy models. Low return of assets and turnover time of claim are deficiencies. Current position of company is very good in terms of financial stability.

This study of the March on Washington Movement (MOWM) investigates the operations of the national office and examines its interactions with local branches, particularly in St. Louis. As the organization's president, A. Philip Randolph and members of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP) such as Benjamin McLaurin and T.D. McNeal are important figures in this story. African American women such as Layle Lane, E. Pauline Myers, and Anna Arnold Hedgeman ran MOWM's national office. Of particular importance to this study is Myers' tenure as executive secretary. Working out of Harlem, she corresponded with MOWM's twenty-six local chapters, spending considerable time espousing the rationale and ideology of Non-Violent Goodwill Direct Action, a trademark protest technique developed and implemented alongside Fellowship of Reconciliation members Bayard Rustin and James Farmer. As a nationally recognized African American protest organization fighting for a "Double V" against fascism and racism during the Second World War, MOWM accrued political capital by the agitation of its local affiliates. In some cases, like in Washington, D.C., volunteers lacked the ability to forge effective protests. In St. Louis, however, BSCP official T.D. McNeal led a MOWM branch that was among the nation's most active. David Grant, Thelma Maddox, Nita Blackwell, and Leyton Weston are some of the thousands joining McNeal over a three-year period to picket U.S. Cartridge and Carter Carburetor for violating the anti-discrimination clause in Executive Order 8802, lobby Southwestern Bell Telephone to expand employment opportunities for African Americans, stage a summer of sit-ins at lunch counters in the city's largest department stores, and lead a general push for a "Double V" against fascism and racism. This study of MOWM demonstrates that the structural dynamics of protest groups often include a discrepancy between policies laid out by the organization's national office and the activity of its local branches. While national officials from MOWM and National Organization for the Advancement of Colored People had an ambivalent relationship with each other, inter-organizational tension was locally muted as grassroots activists aligned themselves with whichever group appeared most effective. During the Second World War, this was often MOWM.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka investeringsbeslut inom designbranschen och skapa en större förståelse kring investeringsbesluten i designbyråer samt uppmärksamma designbyråer att investeringar kunde vara en konkurrenskraft. Teoretisk referensram: Studien behandlade olika investeringstyper, Porters fem konkurrenskrafter, risk, osäkerhet och lönsamhet. I uppsatsen användes också sju tidigare forskningar kring dessa områden samt forskning inom SME-företag, investeringsbeslut samt hur känslor påverkade vid beslutsfattande av investeringar. Metod: I uppsatsen har en deduktiv forskningsansats brukats. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod i form av intervjuer med tio designbyråer. Kraven för designbyråerna var att de skulle ha olika arbetsområden i Stockholms innerstad samt att de skulle innefatta minst fyra anställda. Ytterligare ett krav var att de skulle ha välkända kunder. Intervjuerna genomfördes personligen, per telefon samt via mail. I studien tillämpades en komparativ metod för att kunna jämföra likheter och skillnader mellan designbyråerna samt finna kopplingar mellan designbyråers investeringar och beslutsfattandet kring dem. Resultat: Studien resulterade i att investeringar i personal samt kompetens var den största samt viktigaste investeringen då åtta av tio designbyråer nämnde det. Sex designbyråer gjorde investeringar i lokal och kontor och fyra designbyråer utförde expansionsinvesteringar. Tre av tio designbyråer använde sig av exempelvis kalkyler eller return on investment vid investeringsbeslut. För sex av designbyråerna spelade känslor in vid beslut av en investering. Åtta av dem ansåg att en investering var lönsam när intäkten översteg kostnaden för investeringen. Sju av designbyråerna såg investeringar som en risk men främst som en möjlighet. Slutsats: Designbyråer i Stockholm gjorde investeringar i främst personal, lokal, resor, expansion och datorer för att generera värde vilket också gjorde investeringen lyckad. Strategiska planeringen bestod främst av budgetering samt ett fåtal designbyråer utförde kalkyler. Det som var avgörande vid beslutsfattande var ekonomiska och emotionella värden. En investering sågs som lönsam när intäkten översteg kostnaden. Designbyråer såg investeringar främst som möjligheter men som behövde vägas gentemot risken. Jämfört med den finansiella teorin och designbyråers syn på investeringar skiljde sig inte speciellt mycket men hur besluten fattades skiljde sig markant. / Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to examine investment decisions in the design industry to provide greater comprehension on investment decisions in the design agencies and to notice design agencies that investments were a competititiveness.   Theoretical framework:The paper examined different types of investments, Porter’s five forces, risk, uncertainty and profitability. The paper also applied seven previous researches on these areas and also researches in SME, investment decisions and how feelings affected investment decisions. Methodology: A deductive research approach has been used in this paper. The study was conducted by a qualitative research method which included interviews with ten design agencies. The requirements for the design agencies included different work areas in Stockholm inner city and the design agency had to have at least four employees. Another requirement was that they had to have wellknown customers. There were face-to-face interviews, interviews by e-mail and telephone. The study was made by a comparative method to make comparisions between design agencies to find similarities, differences and connections between investments which design agencies made and eventually the decision making. Results: The results of the study demonstrated that investment in employees and competence was the greatest investment according to eight of ten design agencies. Six of the design agencies invested in premises and offices and four of ten made investments in expansion. Three of ten design agencies used calculations or return on investment while making investment decisions. It was found that six of ten design agencies included feelings in making investment decisions. Eight of ten considered that an investment was profitable when revenue exceeded the cost of the investment. Seven of the design agencies considered investments as a risk but mainly as an opportunity.   Conclusion: Design agencies in Stockholm invested mainly in employees and even in offices, business trips, expansion and computers to generate value which also lead to a successful investment. Strategic planning mainly consisted of budgeting as well as a few design agencies performed calculus. Economic and emotional values were a decisive factor in investment decisions. An investment was considered as profitable when revenue exceeded the cost. Design agencies primarly considered investments as opportunities but they needed to be in balance with the risks. The design agencies’ view of investments compared to the financial theory did not differ very much but how the decisions were made differed significantly.

This Master's Thesis aims to assess overall financial health of the company Silektro s.r.o. and makro and micro surroundings components influence to its business. Firstly, theoretical basis and selected procedures are described. In practical part, individual methods combining internal and external analyses are applied. The key methods of this thesis are financial analysis, PEST analysis and Porter's Competitive Forces Model. The last used method is synthesis by SWOT. The required outcome is to evaluate analyses used and assessment of the overall business situation in reference period.

Este é um estudo sobre os grupos de carregadores das caravanas do comércio de longa distância na Lunda, em fins do século XIX e início do XX. O objetivo principal é argumentar que esses trabalhadores foram responsáveis pela movimentação da engrenagem do comércio regional no espaço que atualmente compreende o nordeste do território de Angola. Sua importância decorreu do conhecimento especializado que detinham, sem o qual não seria possível a circulação de mercadorias e informações por vastas regiões. O estudo levou em conta os elementos organizadores das caravanas de comércio: diferentes grupos de carregadores, papéis sociais e hierarquias, produtos transportados e itinerários percorridos. O exame destes aspectos possibilitou observar o dinamismo do comércio de longa distância, com o qual se conectavam os negócios internacionais. Em um contexto finissecular, marcado pela pressão da era dos impérios, porque sabiam fazer, os carregadores foram um elemento essencial do comércio de longa distância, muito importante para a vitalidade das sociedades da Lunda. / This study is about long distance porters and the trade in Lunda between 1870 and 1920. I argue that porters played a very important role in the operation of regional trade, being responsible for moving goods and informations in very distance areas. My analysis covers several elements: how porters articulated trade caravans, how they organized themselves in different groups permeated by different social hierarchies, the variety of transported goods and trade routes. These elements reveal the dynamism of long-distance trade - extremely important to the vitality of Lunda societies.

Entre os anos de 1884 e 1888, o militar português Henrique Augusto Dias de Carvalho realizou uma grande expedição que partiu de Luanda e atingiu a mussumba (capital) da Lunda, governada pelo muatiânvua. Levava consigo vários objetivos, em parte determinados pelos interesses dos poderes governamentais de Lisboa, em parte por suas aspirações de saber científico. A esta expedição agregaram-se diferentes grupos de africanos, trabalhadores atraídos ou arregimentados que se revelaram responsáveis, em grande parte, pelo andamento da viagem. Tendo como referência a narrativa desta expedição, produzida por Henrique de Carvalho, a presente pesquisa é uma tentativa de reconstituir a história de vida desses homens e mulheres, dimensionando suas experiências a partir do pressuposto de que não foram marginais à organização e êxito do empreendimento português. Inserida a problemática no contexto mais amplo de processos históricos relacionados ao advento da política imperialista na segunda metade do século XIX, a atuação destes trabalhadores africanos foi analisada nos termos em que se rearticularam as formas de exploração do trabalho, acarretadas pelas abolições do tráfico de escravizados e da própria escravidão em regiões africanas. Importou-nos verificar não só as formas de participação de carregadores, guias e intérpretes na expedição de Henrique Carvalho, como também as respostas dadas por parte dos diferentes grupos africanos às formas de trabalho às quais se encontravam submetidos. Sob tal perspectiva, a investigação sobre a vivência destes trabalhadores, tal como registrada na obra do militar português, foi uma proposta de perscrutar resistências por meio do entendimento das suas noções de direitos e de deveres, formas de organização de tarefas, práticas cotidianas, estratégias no trato com as autoridades africanas e com o comando da expedição. / Between the years 1884 and 1888, the Portuguese military Henrique Augusto Dias de Carvalho made a great expedition from Luanda and reached mussumba (capital) of Lunda, governed by Muatianvua. He took with him several objectives, determined in part by the interests of the governmental powers of Lisbon, in part because their aspirations for scientific knowledge. In this expedition were added to different groups of Africans, lured or recruited workers who have proved responsible in large part by the progress of the trip. With reference to the narrative of this expedition, produced by Henrique de Carvalho, the present research is an attempt to reconstruct the life story of these men and women, measuring their experiences from the assumption that there were not marginal to the organization and success of the enterprise Portuguese. Set on the issue in the broader context of historical processes related to the advent of the imperialist policy in the second half of the nineteenth century, the role of African workers was analyzed in terms of what is rearticulate forms of exploitation of labor, brought about by the abolition of the slave trade and of slavery itself in African regions. Matters to us verify not only the forms of participation of porters, guides and interpreters in the expedition of Henrique de Carvalho, as well as the answers given by the various African groups the types of work for which they were submitted. From this perspective, the research about the experience of these workers, as recorded in the work of the Portuguese military, was a proposal for analyzing resistance through understanding of their notions of rights and duties, organizational tasks, daily practices, strategies in dealing with the African authorities and the command of the expedition.

Entre os anos de 1884 e 1888, o militar português Henrique Augusto Dias de Carvalho realizou uma grande expedição que partiu de Luanda e atingiu a mussumba (capital) da Lunda, governada pelo muatiânvua. Levava consigo vários objetivos, em parte determinados pelos interesses dos poderes governamentais de Lisboa, em parte por suas aspirações de saber científico. A esta expedição agregaram-se diferentes grupos de africanos, trabalhadores atraídos ou arregimentados que se revelaram responsáveis, em grande parte, pelo andamento da viagem. Tendo como referência a narrativa desta expedição, produzida por Henrique de Carvalho, a presente pesquisa é uma tentativa de reconstituir a história de vida desses homens e mulheres, dimensionando suas experiências a partir do pressuposto de que não foram marginais à organização e êxito do empreendimento português. Inserida a problemática no contexto mais amplo de processos históricos relacionados ao advento da política imperialista na segunda metade do século XIX, a atuação destes trabalhadores africanos foi analisada nos termos em que se rearticularam as formas de exploração do trabalho, acarretadas pelas abolições do tráfico de escravizados e da própria escravidão em regiões africanas. Importou-nos verificar não só as formas de participação de carregadores, guias e intérpretes na expedição de Henrique Carvalho, como também as respostas dadas por parte dos diferentes grupos africanos às formas de trabalho às quais se encontravam submetidos. Sob tal perspectiva, a investigação sobre a vivência destes trabalhadores, tal como registrada na obra do militar português, foi uma proposta de perscrutar resistências por meio do entendimento das suas noções de direitos e de deveres, formas de organização de tarefas, práticas cotidianas, estratégias no trato com as autoridades africanas e com o comando da expedição. / Between the years 1884 and 1888, the Portuguese military Henrique Augusto Dias de Carvalho made a great expedition from Luanda and reached mussumba (capital) of Lunda, governed by Muatianvua. He took with him several objectives, determined in part by the interests of the governmental powers of Lisbon, in part because their aspirations for scientific knowledge. In this expedition were added to different groups of Africans, lured or recruited workers who have proved responsible in large part by the progress of the trip. With reference to the narrative of this expedition, produced by Henrique de Carvalho, the present research is an attempt to reconstruct the life story of these men and women, measuring their experiences from the assumption that there were not marginal to the organization and success of the enterprise Portuguese. Set on the issue in the broader context of historical processes related to the advent of the imperialist policy in the second half of the nineteenth century, the role of African workers was analyzed in terms of what is rearticulate forms of exploitation of labor, brought about by the abolition of the slave trade and of slavery itself in African regions. Matters to us verify not only the forms of participation of porters, guides and interpreters in the expedition of Henrique de Carvalho, as well as the answers given by the various African groups the types of work for which they were submitted. From this perspective, the research about the experience of these workers, as recorded in the work of the Portuguese military, was a proposal for analyzing resistance through understanding of their notions of rights and duties, organizational tasks, daily practices, strategies in dealing with the African authorities and the command of the expedition.

Este é um estudo sobre os grupos de carregadores das caravanas do comércio de longa distância na Lunda, em fins do século XIX e início do XX. O objetivo principal é argumentar que esses trabalhadores foram responsáveis pela movimentação da engrenagem do comércio regional no espaço que atualmente compreende o nordeste do território de Angola. Sua importância decorreu do conhecimento especializado que detinham, sem o qual não seria possível a circulação de mercadorias e informações por vastas regiões. O estudo levou em conta os elementos organizadores das caravanas de comércio: diferentes grupos de carregadores, papéis sociais e hierarquias, produtos transportados e itinerários percorridos. O exame destes aspectos possibilitou observar o dinamismo do comércio de longa distância, com o qual se conectavam os negócios internacionais. Em um contexto finissecular, marcado pela pressão da era dos impérios, porque sabiam fazer, os carregadores foram um elemento essencial do comércio de longa distância, muito importante para a vitalidade das sociedades da Lunda. / This study is about long distance porters and the trade in Lunda between 1870 and 1920. I argue that porters played a very important role in the operation of regional trade, being responsible for moving goods and informations in very distance areas. My analysis covers several elements: how porters articulated trade caravans, how they organized themselves in different groups permeated by different social hierarchies, the variety of transported goods and trade routes. These elements reveal the dynamism of long-distance trade - extremely important to the vitality of Lunda societies.

[pt] O objetivo deste estudo é o de comparar o desempenho do paradigma SCP (Mason, 1939; Bain, 1956, 1968), e de Porter (1980) na indústria farmacêutica brasileira no período de 1999 a 2002. Não se pretende, portanto, analisar a aplicabilidade ou robustez destes modelos ou mesmo criticá-los, mas tão somente testar sua aderência à realidade brasileira. Para a pesquisa, foram consideradas as 50 empresas da indústria farmacêutica brasileira com maior faturamento em reais no ano de 2002, representando 91% do faturamento total e 90% das unidades vendidas. Os dados foram retirados de Cohen (2004) e têm como fonte a base de dados do Pharmaceutical Market Brazil- PMB. Com base na técnica estatística de Modelo de Equações Estruturais e nos passos descritos por Hair et al (1998) para sua aplicação, testaram-se as variáveis selecionadas, determinaram-se as cargas em cada um dos modelos por meio da utilização do LISREL e, por fim, compararam-se os resultados apurados para os dois modelos teóricos. Concluiu-se, reservadamente, a despeito da qualidade da amostra, de pequena quantidade de casos, e do número de variáveis usadas para medir os construtos, que as estratégias das empresas têm influência mais importante no desempenho que o ambiente, confirmando estudos anteriores, e que esta influência é igual nos dois modelos testados. Uma sugestão para melhoria dos resultados diz respeito à troca da amostra pelo universo dos laboratórios, o que aumentaria a possibilidade de aderência dos modelos, sem que isso, necessariamente, venha a implicar relação direta com técnicas gerenciais. Outra, sem dúvida, seria a manutenção da amostra, mas com reavaliação das variáveis de teste. / [en] This study aims at comparing the performance of SCP (Mason, 1939; Bain, 1956, 1968) and Porter´s (1980) models in the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry between 1999 and 2002. The intension is not, therefore, to analyze the applicability or robustness of these models or even to criticize them, but just to test its adherence to the Brazilian reality. For the research, the 50 companies with greater revenue in reais in the year of 2002, in the pharmaceutical industry, are considered. They represent 91% of the total industry revenue and 90% of the industry sold units. Data are collected after Cohen (2004), which source is the Pharmaceutical Market Brazil-PMB data base. Based on the statistical technique of Structural Equations Model - SEM and using the stages described by Hair et al (1998) for its application, the selected variables are tested, the models are designed and calculated by means of LISREL and, at the end, results are compared. The conclusion, with reserves, is that, despite the quality of the sample - having small number of cases and proporcional great number of variables used to measure the constructs - the companies strategies show greater influence on the performance than the industrial structure, confirming previous studies, and that this influence is same in the two tested models. A suggestion for the improvement of the results concerns changing the used sample for the universe of the laboratories, what would increase the possibility of adherence of the models, without implicating direct relationship with managerial techniques. Other sugestion is to maintain the sample, but with revaluation of the test variables.

This diploma thesis deals with issues of marketing communication in a construction company. Theroretical basis is then applied to a certain construction company which is UniPi.technology. The thesis includes strenhths and weaknesses of the company and a specific marketing communication plan for the following year.