Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T18:02:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leticia Conceicao Martins Cardoso.pdf: 1056357 bytes, checksum: 657103da45524838f46062afaff34759 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-25 / FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO / Analysis of the cultural management of the governments of Roseana Sarney in Maranhão (1995-1998/1999-2001), designed by Maranhão Culture Secretary (SECMA) and Maranhão Culture Foundation (FUNCMA). It s searched to identify the field of cultural relations between actors and the State, taking as reference the speeches of those actors through interviews, analysis of the Activities Reports of SECMA/FUNCMA and reports in local newspapers. The Government of Roseana Sarney is located on the discussion of culture public policy in Brazil and a study about the culture state policies in the country which manufactured national symbols until José Sarney government as President of Brazil (1985 -1980), when was created the first Law of the Encouragement Culture (Sarney Law). It s observed that in the first time of the cultural management of Roseana Sarney (1995- 1997) a conception of culture identified with the heritage was predominated. And, in a second time (1998-2001), state interventions focused on a concept of popular culture . In both moments theatrical strategies are created, leading to a symbolic capital accumulation on the protagonist: the governor. But the cultural actors are active subjects in this play, also creating their visibility strategies. Thus, power dispute is developed through stage of power acts. In this context, the media is an important scene for the acquisition of symbolic power and can serve both as a group or another. The intention, therefore, is to explain how the relations between the State and culture are established; to know what strategies are used, why and by whom are developed, trying to identify if these relations can be considered a public policy of culture. / Análise sobre a gestão cultural dos Governos de Roseana Sarney no Maranhão (1995- 1998/1999-2001), concebida pela Secretaria de Estado da Cultura do Maranhão (SECMA) e pela Fundação Cultural do Maranhão (FUNCMA). Busca-se identificar o campo de relações entre atores culturais e o Estado, tomando como referência os discursos desses atores, através de entrevistas, da análise dos Relatórios de Atividades da SECMA/FUNCMA e notícias veiculadas em jornais locais. Para situar o Governo de Roseana Sarney na discussão sobre as políticas públicas culturais no Brasil, constrói-se uma trajetória das políticas estatais de cultura no país, que tenderam à fabricação de símbolos nacionais, até o Governo de José Sarney na Presidência da República (1985- 1980), quando foi criada a primeira Lei de Incentivo à Cultura (Lei Sarney). Observa-se que na primeira fase da gestão cultural de Roseana Sarney (1995-1997), predominou uma concepção de cultura identificada com o patrimônio . E, na segunda fase (1998-2001), as intervenções estatais concentraram-se naquilo que o órgão de cultura concebeu como uma cultura popular . Percebe-se que nos dois momentos são criadas estratégias teatrais, que levam a um acúmulo de capital simbólico na figura de uma protagonista: a governante. Mas os atores culturais são sujeitos ativos nessa encenação, criando também suas estratégias de visibilidade. Assim, a disputa pelo poder se desenvolve por meio da teatralização dos atos de poder. Neste contexto, a mídia constitui um cenário importante para a aquisição de poder simbólico, podendo servir tanto a um grupo como a outro. A intenção, portanto, é explicar como são estabelecidas as relações da cultura com o Estado; saber que estratégias são usadas, por que e por quem são desenvolvidas, tentando identificar em que medida essas relações constituem uma política pública de cultura.

The purpose of this scholarly essay is to gain an increased understanding of the power relationship between teachers in after-school centers and teachers in the compulsory school. The starting point for the essay is a story which deals with various self-experienced situations where an imbalance in power is perceived as particularly noticeable. The choice of method, to write a scholarly essay with a hermeneutic approach, means that the own experience has been given room in the essay. To achieve the purpose of the essay, two questions were formulated – how the power relationship can be understood and how the after-school teacher can make room for their own competence and knowledge. These questions were examined from a historical perspective and a knowledge perspective as well as from Bourdieu ́s theory of capital and Foucault ́s thoughts on power. The first question could be answered within the limits of the essay: the power relationship can be understood as a product of the after-school center ́s historical emergence, as a reproduction of the view of knowledge and as a result of the interaction and competition between the individuals and the institutions. The second question, on the other hand, is not possible to answer before a balance in power between the after-school center and the school has been reached – before that, it is not realistic to talk about making room for the after-school teacher ́s competence and knowledge. / Syftet med denna vetenskapliga essä är att få en ökad förståelse för maktrelationen mellan lärarna i fritidshem och lärarna i den obligatoriska skolan. Utgångspunkt för essän är en gestaltning vilken behandlar olika egenupplevda situationer där en obalans i makten upplevts som särskilt påtaglig. Metodvalet, att skriva en vetenskaplig essä med ett hermeneutiskt förhållningssätt, innebär att den egna erfarenheten har getts utrymme i uppsatsen. För att uppnå syftet med essän formulerades två frågor - hur maktrelationen kan förstås samt hur fritidsläraren kan göra utrymme för sin egen kompetens och kunskap. Dessa frågor undersöktes utifrån ett historiskt perspektiv och ett kunskapsperspektiv samt utifrån Bourdieus kapitalteori och Foucaults tankar om makt. Den första frågan kunde besvaras inom ramen för essän: maktrelationen kan förstås som en produkt av fritidshemmets historiska framväxt, som en reproduktion av kunskapssynen samt som ett resultat av samspelet och konkurrensen mellan individerna och institutionerna. Den andra frågan är däremot inte möjlig att besvara innan en balans i makten mellan fritidshemmet och skolan uppnåtts – innan dess är det inte realistiskt att tala om att göra utrymme för fritidshemslärarens kompetens och kunskap.

Il a été montré que l’Homme a un penchant latent à poser des gestes prohibés qui sont contrôlés par les normes formelles et informelles de sa communauté. Si nous sortons un individu de sa communauté sera-t-il plus enclin à poser ces gestes? C’est cette situation que le présent mémoire cherche à exposer. Nous visons à comprendre le processus menant à la consommation de services sexuels rémunérés dans un contexte touristique à l’étranger par l’étude du tourisme sexuel au Mexique. Nous cherchons à définir les facteurs qui motivent, ou du moins favorisent ce type de consommation dans un tel contexte. Pour rendre compte de ces facteurs, nous utilisons un corpus de données composé de commentaires publiés par des touristes sexuels sur un forum de clavardage, se trouvant sur la Toile, et de données existantes. Nous analysons ce corpus de données par une combinaison théorique de l’intersectionnalité et du contrôle social. Précisément, nous analysons les commentaires seuls afin de rendre compte des motivations des touristes à pratiquer le tourisme sexuel, puis nous analysons les données existantes en établissant des liens avec les commentaires publiés pour connaitre les facteurs qui permettent aux touristes cette pratique. / It has been demonstrated that the human being has a latent inclination for transgression, which is restrained by formal and informal standards set by its community. If, however, we take an individual out of its community, will he be more inclined to transgress norms? The present thesis attempts to expound that situation. We aim to understand the process that leads one to consume paid sexual services in a touristic context abroad by studying sex tourism in Mexico. We are trying to define the factors that motivate, or at least, favour this type of consummation in such context. We use a body of evidence composed of comments published by sex tourists on an online forum, and of existing data to account for these factors. We analyze these evidences by combining intersectionality and social control on a theoretical level. Specifically, we review the comments alone in order to understand the tourists' motives to seek sex tourism, and we analyze the existing data, establishing links with the published comments as to identify the factors permitting tourists to engage in that practice.

Il a été montré que l’Homme a un penchant latent à poser des gestes prohibés qui sont contrôlés par les normes formelles et informelles de sa communauté. Si nous sortons un individu de sa communauté sera-t-il plus enclin à poser ces gestes? C’est cette situation que le présent mémoire cherche à exposer. Nous visons à comprendre le processus menant à la consommation de services sexuels rémunérés dans un contexte touristique à l’étranger par l’étude du tourisme sexuel au Mexique. Nous cherchons à définir les facteurs qui motivent, ou du moins favorisent ce type de consommation dans un tel contexte. Pour rendre compte de ces facteurs, nous utilisons un corpus de données composé de commentaires publiés par des touristes sexuels sur un forum de clavardage, se trouvant sur la Toile, et de données existantes. Nous analysons ce corpus de données par une combinaison théorique de l’intersectionnalité et du contrôle social. Précisément, nous analysons les commentaires seuls afin de rendre compte des motivations des touristes à pratiquer le tourisme sexuel, puis nous analysons les données existantes en établissant des liens avec les commentaires publiés pour connaitre les facteurs qui permettent aux touristes cette pratique. / It has been demonstrated that the human being has a latent inclination for transgression, which is restrained by formal and informal standards set by its community. If, however, we take an individual out of its community, will he be more inclined to transgress norms? The present thesis attempts to expound that situation. We aim to understand the process that leads one to consume paid sexual services in a touristic context abroad by studying sex tourism in Mexico. We are trying to define the factors that motivate, or at least, favour this type of consummation in such context. We use a body of evidence composed of comments published by sex tourists on an online forum, and of existing data to account for these factors. We analyze these evidences by combining intersectionality and social control on a theoretical level. Specifically, we review the comments alone in order to understand the tourists' motives to seek sex tourism, and we analyze the existing data, establishing links with the published comments as to identify the factors permitting tourists to engage in that practice.

Feministische Rechtswissenschaft beschäftigt sich mit der Vergeschlechtlichung des Rechts und seiner Diskurse. Sie benennt und analysiert Ungleichheiten aufgrund des Geschlechts, die durch das Recht legitimiert oder hergestellt werden. Feministische Rechtswissenschaft setzt sich mit dem Potenzial von Recht als feministischem und emanzipatorischem Instrument auseinander. Anhand des ‚Dilemmas der Differenz‘ wird deutlich, wie ambivalent rechtliche Bemühungen um Gleichstellung ausfallen. Feministische Rechtswissenschaft knüpft an die Lebenswirklichkeiten von Frauen* an und ist in allen Rechtsgebieten – vom Verfassungsrecht über die Rechtsgeschichte bis hin zu Familien-, Arbeits- und Strafrecht – vertreten.