Submitted by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-24T14:19:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MATOS LISBOA, C.M.O. Versão final da dissertação de mestrado em pdf.pdf: 1543317 bytes, checksum: 7a6cd4eb2e143ea18f5b8d82a1c654ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-24T14:32:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MATOS LISBOA, C.M.O. Versão final da dissertação de mestrado em pdf.pdf: 1543317 bytes, checksum: 7a6cd4eb2e143ea18f5b8d82a1c654ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T14:32:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MATOS LISBOA, C.M.O. Versão final da dissertação de mestrado em pdf.pdf: 1543317 bytes, checksum: 7a6cd4eb2e143ea18f5b8d82a1c654ef (MD5) / Através da abordagem da terceira onda da sociolinguística (cf. ECKERT, 2005, 2012), este trabalho analisa a variação do uso das formas de tratamento direcionadas aos profissionais jurídicos em uma comunidade de prática (cf. ECKERT e McCONNEL-GINET, 2010) da Defensoria Pública de Niterói. A variação linguística entre as formas de tratamento, tratada aqui, não se limita ao reflexo do lugar social: ela é voltada para a captação do significado social dessa variável na prática profissional jurídica. Verificamos, na comunidade estudada, as ocorrências e as preferências em relação às formas de tratamento dispensadas aos profissionais jurídicos, bem como a recepção e a aceitação (ou não) dessas formas; além disso, observamos fatores sociais que podem favorecer as suas escolhas e as relações de poder ou de solidariedade (BROWN e GILMAN, 1960) estabelecidas pela troca dessas formas de tratamento. Comentamos, ainda, de forma geral, sobre as relações de neutralidade (COOK, 1997) que podem se estabelecer nas interações. Para a realização desta pesquisa, fizemos uma observação de base etnográfica na Defensoria Pública de Niterói, ao longo de quase dois meses, durante os quais gravamos interações que foram transcritas. Em seguida, as ocorrências foram submetidas à análise estatística, através da ferramenta computacional de análise multivariada GoldVarb X, que auxiliou na análise quantitativa complementar das formas de tratamento trocadas entre os profissionais jurídicos e os assistidos. Esta análise selecionou o grupo de fatores ‘escolaridade’ como significativo para o uso da variante ‘doutor’ nos três casos analisados: ‘doutor’ vs. ‘senhor’; ‘doutor’ vs. (‘formas nominais’ + ‘você’) e ‘doutor’ vs. (outras formas de tratamento), enquanto o mesmo não ocorreu com os outros grupos de fatores. Buscamos observar a interação entre a defensora pública, os auxiliares jurídicos, os estagiários, o segurança e os assistidos (pessoas que procuram atendimento na Defensoria) para compreender o estilo como constituinte da identidade dos falantes. Além disso, aplicamos testes de autoavaliação (cf. LABOV) aos profissionais jurídicos envolvidos. Confirmamos, através da análise na comunidade de prática da Defensoria Pública de Niterói, a existência e a perpetuação do uso da forma de tratamento ‘doutor’ dispensada aos profissionais jurídicos, entre os membros da comunidade de prática, principalmente, para os cargos de maior hierarquia. Deste modo, prevalecem as relações de poder entre os membros que possuem posições hierárquicas distintas entre os seus cargos e relações de solidariedade entre aqueles que estão no mesmo nível da hierarquia profissional. Percebemos também que o direcionamento da forma ‘doutor’ entre aqueles que frequentam a comunidade varia com outras formas de tratamento (‘senhor’, ‘você’ e ‘outras formas nominais’) e não consiste na maior parte dos tratamentos usados. Apresentamos as formas de tratamento que os profissionais jurídicos direcionaram aos assistidos e as relações que se estabeleceram nessa troca. Os testes de autoavaliação nos ajudaram a entender melhor a visão que cada profissional tem de sua postura profissional quanto às formas de tratamento e a comparar com a sua prática cotidiana. Esta pesquisa pretende ampliar os estudos disponíveis sobre a terceira onda da sociolinguística no Brasil e contribuir para o entendimento da atuação da linguagem na prática profissional jurídica. / Throughout the third wave of sociolinguistics approach (cf. ECKERT, 2005), the objective of the present paper is to study the treatment forms directed to juridical professionals inside of a community of practice (cf. ECKERT e MCCONNEL-GINET, 2010) of Public Defender Office of Niterói. Linguistic variation among treatment forms is not limited to the reflection of social place: it is turned to the caption of social meaning of variables in juridical professional practice. We verify, in the community studied, occurrences and preferences related to treatment forms concerning juridical professionals, as well as the reception and the acceptation (or not) of these forms, aside from factors that support their choice and from power relations or solidarity (BROWN e GILMAN, 1960) established by the interchange of these treatment forms. We comment, in addition, about neutrality relations (COOK, 1997) that may be established in interactions. In doing so, we made an observation, ethnographic based, in the Public Defender Office of Niterói, during almost two months, in which we recorded interactions that were transcribed. Then, treatment forms occurrences for statistical analysis, throughout the computational tool of multivariate analysis (GoldVarb X), which supported complementary quantitative analysis of treatment forms interchanged among juridical professionals and the assisted people. The quantitative analysis showed which social factors support the usage of the treatment form ‘doctor’ of other treatment forms. The program GoldVarb X selected the group of factors ‘scholarity’ as significant for the use of 'doctor' variant in the three cases analyzed: ‘doctor’ vs. 'sir'; 'doctor' vs. ('nominal forms' + 'you') and 'doctor' vs. (other forms of treatment), while the same was not true for other groups of factors. We aimed at observing the interaction among public defender, lawyers, trainees, the safeguard and assisted people (people who look for attendance) to understand style as a component of speaker’s identity. Furthermore, we applied tests of auto evaluation (cf. LABOV) to juridical professionals involved. We confirmed, throughout the analysis of the community of practice of Public Defender Office of Niteroi, the existence and the perpetuation of the usage of the form ‘doctor’ dispensed to juridical professionals, among members of the community of practice, mainly to the posts of superior hierarchy . So that, power relations prevails among members who have a hierarchical relation among their posts and solidarity relations among those who are in the same level of professional hierarchy. We observe, also, that the position of the form “doctor” among those who attend the community varies with other forms of treatment (‘sir’, ‘you’ and ‘other nominal forms’) and does not consist of the majority of treatments. This research intends to enlarge the available studies about the third wave of sociolinguistics in Brazil, in the sense that it will contribute to the understanding of language actuation in juridical professional practice.

This analysis employs the sociolinguistic framework of status and solidarity (Holmes, 2001) to examine the use of codeswitching on the relational development between the characters in three plays by Cuban-American playwright Dolores Prida. The three plays discussed are Beautiful Señoritas (1978), Coser y cantar (1981) and Botánica (1991). Linguistic scholars recognize the lack of linguistic analysis of literary texts; specifically, codeswitching at present is not fully explored as a linguistic phenomenon in written contexts. Furthermore, Prida's works have never before been appraised using linguistic methodology. Hence, this work aims to add to scholarly research in the fields of codeswitching, discourse analysis, and literary linguistics, using the status and solidarity framework to examine the codeswitching in Dolores Prida's plays. Dolores Prida is a feminist and Hispanic dramatist whose central theme is the search for identity of Hispanic immigrants, specifically women, in the United States today. Due to her ideological stance, it is expected that a strong emphasis on solidarity rather than status and the use of affective rather than referential speech functions are present in the relationships in her plays. Accordingly, the analysis of Botánica reveals that indeed codeswitching between the characters does affect their relational development in maintaining solidarity and intimacy. However, the relationships found in Beautiful Señoritas and Coser y cantar do not offer such conclusions, due to the variable nature of the relationships identified. Further analysis of these and other literary works will more accurately determine benefits of the status and solidarity framework as applied to the codeswitching research.

This analysis employs the sociolinguistic framework of status and solidarity (Holmes, 2001) to examine the use of codeswitching on the relational development between the characters in three plays by Cuban-American playwright Dolores Prida. The three plays discussed are Beautiful Señoritas (1978), Coser y cantar (1981) and Botánica (1991). Linguistic scholars recognize the lack of linguistic analysis of literary texts; specifically, codeswitching at present is not fully explored as a linguistic phenomenon in written contexts. Furthermore, Prida's works have never before been appraised using linguistic methodology. Hence, this work aims to add to scholarly research in the fields of codeswitching, discourse analysis, and literary linguistics, using the status and solidarity framework to examine the codeswitching in Dolores Prida's plays. Dolores Prida is a feminist and Hispanic dramatist whose central theme is the search for identity of Hispanic immigrants, specifically women, in the United States today. Due to her ideological stance, it is expected that a strong emphasis on solidarity rather than status and the use of affective rather than referential speech functions are present in the relationships in her plays. Accordingly, the analysis of Botánica reveals that indeed codeswitching between the characters does affect their relational development in maintaining solidarity and intimacy. However, the relationships found in Beautiful Señoritas and Coser y cantar do not offer such conclusions, due to the variable nature of the relationships identified. Further analysis of these and other literary works will more accurately determine benefits of the status and solidarity framework as applied to the codeswitching research.

The purpose of this study is to explore the nature of socio-cultural rules underlying address behaviour in face-to-face interactions in Xitsonga. In the study, a socio-pragmatic approach is used. This approach is a combination of sociolinguistics and pragmatics. Data are collected using semi-structured interviews from 29 participants in Hlanganani region. Hlanganani is a Xitsonga speech community located in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The participants were selected in terms of five variables, namely their age, gender, marital status, educational status and occupation. Five theories are tested in this study, namely Brown and Gilman’s (1968) theory of power and solidarity, Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory, the theory of accommodation, the theory of universal grammar and the Gricean theory of conversation. The study finds that Hlanganani is an age-set society in that the age of a person is the primary determiner of address choice. The male gene also receives superior status in address behaviour in Xitsonga. It is also found that women are given the same lower status as children. It is observed that women’s statuses reflect their graduation in terms of marriage and the production of children. It is recommended that more studies of a similar kind should be undertaken based on either different speech communities or on a comparative basis of particularly African languages. Such studies will go a long way in describing similarities and differences in both the linguistic and the social structures of different cultures. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

The purpose of this study is to explore the nature of socio-cultural rules underlying address behaviour in face-to-face interactions in Xitsonga. In the study, a socio-pragmatic approach is used. This approach is a combination of sociolinguistics and pragmatics. Data are collected using semi-structured interviews from 29 participants in Hlanganani region. Hlanganani is a Xitsonga speech community located in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The participants were selected in terms of five variables, namely their age, gender, marital status, educational status and occupation. Five theories are tested in this study, namely Brown and Gilman’s (1968) theory of power and solidarity, Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory, the theory of accommodation, the theory of universal grammar and the Gricean theory of conversation. The study finds that Hlanganani is an age-set society in that the age of a person is the primary determiner of address choice. The male gene also receives superior status in address behaviour in Xitsonga. It is also found that women are given the same lower status as children. It is observed that women’s statuses reflect their graduation in terms of marriage and the production of children. It is recommended that more studies of a similar kind should be undertaken based on either different speech communities or on a comparative basis of particularly African languages. Such studies will go a long way in describing similarities and differences in both the linguistic and the social structures of different cultures. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)