I defend an understanding of Kant's theory of Geschmacksurteil as detailing an operation of the faculties that does not violate the cognitive structure laid out in the first Critique, even though one would not easily anticipate it from the standpoint of that work, nor would one initially expect aesthetic judgment to be of transcendental interest to Kant. My orientation is primarily epistemological, elaborating the determinations that govern the activity of pure aesthetic judging so as to specify it as a bestimmte type of judgment without transforming it into einem bestimmenden Urteil. I focus on identifying how the logical functions from the table of judgments operate in the pure aesthetic judgment of taste to reveal “the moments to which this power of judgment attends in its reflection” (Critique of the Power of Judgment, §1, 5:203). In the course of doing so, a picture emerges of how the world is not just cognizable in a Kantian framework but also charged with human feeling, acquiring the inexhaustible, inchoate meaningfulness that incites “much thinking” (Critique of the Power of Judgment, §49, 5:315). The universal communicability of aesthetic pleasure serves as the foundation that grounds robust intersubjective relations, enabling genuine connection to others through a shared a priori feeling. / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts; / Philosophy / PhD; / Dissertation;

Esta tese busca investigar como alguns desdobramentos da filosofia transcendental de Kant permitem conjugar a relação entre a tarefa crítica e a sistemática. A hipótese geral da pesquisa visa destacar a função da noção de sistema, na medida em que essa noção é esboçada, a partir da Crítica da razão pura, sob um ideal de racionalidade que encontra seu modelo geral em figuras como o organismo, a arquitetônica e o ideal transcendental. Uma vez determinadas estas caracterizações, busca-se indicar o respaldo que elas ganham no interior da compreensão da subjetividade, tal como ela é construída pela empreitada analítica da filosofia kantiana. Trata-se assim de evidenciar a complementaridade, ou também a tensão, entre o procedimento sistemático, exigido como expressão essencial de racionalidade, e o estabelecimento de uma subjetividade que, para além das fissuras que nela possam ser descobertas, tem que ser possuidora de um recurso reflexivo que permita atender à demanda sistemática de autocompreensão da razão. O elemento fundamental dessa investigação é a crítica de Kant à faculdade do juízo, por onde se torna possível pensar as demandas sistemáticas aliadas à pressuposição de um sujeito crítico e reflexivo. / This thesis investigates how some implications of Kants transcendental philosophy allow combining the relationship between the critical and systematic task. The general hypothesis of the research aims to highlight the role of the concept of system, insofar as this notion is outlined, from the Critique of Pure Reason, under an ideal of rationality that finds its general model in elements like the organism, the architectonic and the transcendental ideal. Once you have determined these characterizations, we try to indicate the support that they gain within the understanding of subjectivity as it is constructed from analytical works of Kant\'s philosophy. It intends therefore to highlight the complementarity or also the tension between the systematic procedure, required as an essential expression of rationality, and the establishment of a subjectivity that, in addition to the breaches that can be discovered in it, must be in possession of a reflective resource to meet the systematic demand of selfunderstanding of reason. The key element of this research is Kants critique of judgment, by which it becomes possible to think of the systematic demands allied to the assumption of a critical and reflective subject.

Esta tese busca investigar como alguns desdobramentos da filosofia transcendental de Kant permitem conjugar a relação entre a tarefa crítica e a sistemática. A hipótese geral da pesquisa visa destacar a função da noção de sistema, na medida em que essa noção é esboçada, a partir da Crítica da razão pura, sob um ideal de racionalidade que encontra seu modelo geral em figuras como o organismo, a arquitetônica e o ideal transcendental. Uma vez determinadas estas caracterizações, busca-se indicar o respaldo que elas ganham no interior da compreensão da subjetividade, tal como ela é construída pela empreitada analítica da filosofia kantiana. Trata-se assim de evidenciar a complementaridade, ou também a tensão, entre o procedimento sistemático, exigido como expressão essencial de racionalidade, e o estabelecimento de uma subjetividade que, para além das fissuras que nela possam ser descobertas, tem que ser possuidora de um recurso reflexivo que permita atender à demanda sistemática de autocompreensão da razão. O elemento fundamental dessa investigação é a crítica de Kant à faculdade do juízo, por onde se torna possível pensar as demandas sistemáticas aliadas à pressuposição de um sujeito crítico e reflexivo. / This thesis investigates how some implications of Kants transcendental philosophy allow combining the relationship between the critical and systematic task. The general hypothesis of the research aims to highlight the role of the concept of system, insofar as this notion is outlined, from the Critique of Pure Reason, under an ideal of rationality that finds its general model in elements like the organism, the architectonic and the transcendental ideal. Once you have determined these characterizations, we try to indicate the support that they gain within the understanding of subjectivity as it is constructed from analytical works of Kant\'s philosophy. It intends therefore to highlight the complementarity or also the tension between the systematic procedure, required as an essential expression of rationality, and the establishment of a subjectivity that, in addition to the breaches that can be discovered in it, must be in possession of a reflective resource to meet the systematic demand of selfunderstanding of reason. The key element of this research is Kants critique of judgment, by which it becomes possible to think of the systematic demands allied to the assumption of a critical and reflective subject.

This thesis aims to explore the role and significance of the aesthetic experience in Kant&rsquo / s philosophy. To accomplish this aim / firstly, the role of aesthetic power of judgment is discovered in subject&rsquo / s production of truths about the sensible world which is attributed to the cognitive power of understanding. Secondly, the role of aesthetic power of judgment in subject&rsquo / s representation of the good and in formation of moral judgments is demonstrated. Aesthetic power of judgment which enables both the reception and production of the beauty as a necessary harmony and unity brings an aesthetic and intuitive determinability to the acknowledged transcendent field for knowledge. The thesis is concluded by the affirmation that aesthetic power of judgment as an orienting interpretative power is a necessary condition for the subject, who is limited in knowledge and sensibly conditioned in the realization of moral purposes, in order to know and to have a moral life.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the Critique of the Power of Judgment Kant is concerned with the problem of Beauty s transcendental philosophy, seeking the possibility of a universally valid, a priori and necessary aesthetic judgment. The strategy adopted by the author starts by defining what the Beauty is not (in this case, a judgment of knowledge). Among other things, the complacency in Beauty is distinguished from complacency in Good, being the former disinterested, whereas the latter has an interest in the existence of the judged object. This difference is already made in the opening paragraphs of the first book of the Analytic of the Beauty. Nevertheless, insofar as Kant advances in his analysis of the feeling of the Beauty (and later, the Sublime), the author suggests that the separation between an aesthetic judgment (of the Beauty) and a moral judgment (of the Good) is not necessarily abrupt and sometimes such judgments constitute an ambiguous relationship. The work to be done intend to investigate the sinuosity of the Kantian discourse developed along the third Critique about the problem of the Beauty and the Good, especially the apparent change in Kant s argument at the §§16 and 17, and affirmation of the "Beauty as a Symbol of Morality" [KU, B253] in § 59 of this book. / Na Crítica da Faculdade do Juízo Kant preocupa-se com o problema da filosofia transcendental do Belo, buscando a possibilidade de um juízo estético universalmente válido, a priori e necessário. A estratégia adotada pelo autor inicia por definir o que o Belo não é (no caso, um juízo de conhecimento). Dentre outras coisas, distingue-se o comprazimento no Belo do comprazimento no Bom, sendo aquele desinteressado, ao passo que este contém um interesse na existência do objeto ajuizado. Esta diferença é feita já nos parágrafos iniciais do primeiro livro da Analítica do Belo. Não obstante, na medida em que Kant avança em sua análise sobre o sentimento do Belo (e posteriormente, do Sublime), o autor deixa transparecer que a separação entre um juízo estético (do Belo) e um juízo moral (do Bom) não é necessariamente abrupta e, por vezes, tais juízos constituem uma relação ambígua. No trabalho a ser realizado pretendo investigar a sinuosidade do discurso kantiano desenvolvido ao longo da terceira Crítica acerca da questão do Belo e do Bom, em especial a aparente mudança na argumentação de Kant a partir dos §§16 e 17, e afirmação da Beleza como Símbolo da Moralidade [KU, B253] no § 59 desta obra.

Qu’est-ce que la rationalité pratique ? Répondre à cette interrogation, c’est déterminer la nature du raisonnement pratique qu’un acteur se trouvant dans une situation concrète doit entreprendre ; comment, autrement dit, il doit délibérer, juger et agir. Afin de mener à bien ce projet, les philosophes contemporains mobilisent des héritages philosophiques distincts. Dans chacune des trois grandes traditions de la philosophie occidentale – les traditions française, allemande et anglo-américaine – des philosophes se revendiquant d’Aristote ou de Kant ont ainsi récemment débattu de la possibilité de fonder en raison des principes normatifs généraux, du rôle que de tels principes peuvent jouer au sein du raisonnement pratique et des liens que l’on doit tisser entre la rationalité pratique et les vertus. L’objectif général de notre recherche est de démontrer la fécondité des débats entre kantiens et aristotéliciens tout en défendant l’existence d’un kantisme transformé par l’aristotélisme qui nous permet aujourd’hui de mieux cerner les ressorts du raisonnement pratique. Un tel parcours nous fournira l’occasion de contribuer à la réception de travaux qui n’ont pas encore fait couler beaucoup d’encre en France, notamment ceux de Christine Korsgaard, d’Onora O’Neill, de Barbara Herman et de Nancy Sherman. / What is practical rationality? To answer this question, one must determine how an agent facing a specific challenge in a given situation should reason and determine how to act. In order to carry out this project, contemporary philosophers build on different historical perspectives. In each of the three main tradition of Western philosophy – the Anglo-American, German and French traditions – philosophers are thus rereading Aristotle and Kant to answer questions such as “Is it possible to ground general normative principles?”, “What role must principles play in our practical reasonings?” and “What is the relationship between practical rationality and virtue?”. My overall objective is to shed light on these debates, and then to defend a form of Kantianism infused with Aristotelian ideas that can help us paint a more satisfying picture of practical rationality. By doing so, I also contribute to the French reception of contemporary philosophical works such as the ones of Christine Korsgaard, Onora O’Neill, Barbara Herman and Nancy Sherman.

Since the post-positivist turn in critical political theory, many scholars of political science have tried to reimagine the discipline through feminist, Marxist, and postcolonial critiques. However, even critical scholars often overlook that all forms of critique are aesthetic- as is the mainstream of political science that they criticize. Despite these proliferating critiques, much of political science is still shaped by a robust epistemological orientation towards scientific aspirations, which I describe as a scientific epistemic mode. The argument of this thesis is that the dominance of a scientific epistemic mode in political science orients this discipline erroneously against aesthetic receptivity and production. The relationship between political science and aesthetics is often characterized by affects of discomfort and shame, so that aesthetic qualities in research are associated with unscientific, and therefore illegitimate outcomes. The claim that aesthetics is not suited to the study of politics is longstanding, but not necessarily legitimate. Rather than conceive of aesthetics and science as essentially opposed, this thesis considers how this dualism can be understood as a discursive formation. The notion of aesthetics as a threat to science exists as far back as Plato’s Republic, where poetry is banished for the sake of philosophy. Contra Plato, Kant acknowledges aesthetics as a relevant epistemic mode in The Critique of Judgment, but determines aesthetics to be irreconcilable with a reason-based, scientific epistemology. Finally, in The Birth of Tragedy Nietzsche’s reading of Attic Tragedy suggests that, like the figures of Dionysus and Apollo, aesthetics and science can be thought of as two forces in a relation of productive antagonism rather than mutual exclusion or domination. In response to the naturalized, scientific epistemic mode in political science, an aesthetic epistemic mode acknowledges the fusion of aesthetics and science in the production of political analysis. Following Isabelle Stengers, this thesis tries to slow down the sense that aesthetics is inferior, excluded and dominated by science, suggesting that political science begin to cultivate a receptive awareness of its own aesthetic value. In making aesthetics a legitimate focus in political science, an aesthetic epistemic mode is practised by seeking out relevant questions rather than demanding immediate, “scientific” answers. / Graduate / 0615 / 0422 / anctil.laura@gmail.com