Doctor Legum - LLD / Anti-dumping measures, safeguards and countervailing measures are trade remedies within the context of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). More specifically, the imposition of anti-dumping measures is a remedial measure, which may be evoked when dumped imports cause or threaten to cause injury to the domestic market. Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) defines dumping as a situation where products of one country are introduced into the commerce of another country at less than the normal value of the products, and causes or threatens material injury to an established industry in the territory of a contracting party or materially retards the establishment of a domestic industry. In such a situation, the WTO allows countries to take action, if there is a causal link between injury to the domestic market and dumping. Zimbabwe has been a Member of the GATT since July 1948 and subsequently it became a Member of the WTO in March 1995. It also has anti-dumping legislation since 2002 namely Competition (Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duty) (Investigation) Regulations, 2002 (Statutory Instrument 266 of 2002). Despite this, dumping remains a challenge in Zimbabwe. Different stakeholders in Zimbabwe have lobbied for anti-dumping laws to be strengthened and applied, to protect the domestic industry from dumped imports. Regardless of the lobbying, the Competition and Tariff Commission (CTC) which is the institution that deals with unfair trade practises in Zimbabwe, has to date not conducted any investigation in dumping. This study ascertains what the shortfalls in Statutory Instrument 266 of 2002 are, and the measures to be taken, to develop a sound framework that paves way for effective anti-dumping regime in Zimbabwe. The study highlights the need for an overhaul in Zimbabwe’s anti-dumping system. This study also engages in a discussion of anti-dumping laws in the European Union (EU) and South Africa, both whom have developed anti-dumping systems, which Zimbabwe can learn from. In addition, EU used to be Zimbabwe’s largest trading partner, but has since been replaced by South Africa.

In my graduation thesis I established a goal to discover most frequent unfair practises, which can come across a czech consumer. To accomplish this goal I've choosed following process. At first I made an enquiry between Organisations for consumer's protection and I visited frequently one of them. Also I get together all literary and virtual sources. Afterthan I made a part of Unfair practises in use, based on the informations from my enquiry and my visitation of Prague's office. In this part I tried to mention as many cosumer's problems as possible. Than I wanted to present possibilities of consumer's defence. Ther are two possibilities. The first is coming from civil law and it is included in the part of Judicature. The second possibility is from statutory law which is mentioned in the part of Activity of supervisor authority. When working on these practical parts I realised many possibilities how to make better the consumer's situation in Czech republic. These proposals I got into the final part of my work. At the end there was no more then to do theoretical or general part. This one was made on the basis of allready existing publications and articles. The real end was the introduction, where I highlighted my goal and I tried to mention problems included in my final thesis.

Esta pesquisa investiga, através dos documentos da Inquisição de Zaragoza entre 1497 e 1700 as práticas heréticas dos réus homens qualificados por aquele tribunal como supersticiosos, portanto, praticantes de diversos tipos de magia necromancia, curandeirismo, exorcismo entre outras práticas mágicas. Através de objetos mágicos da necromancia, e dos temas pertencentes diversas de suas práticas mágicas, inclusive com o uso de papéis e textos que lhes dão suporte sobretudo a Clavícula Salomonis e o Livro de São Cipriano a magia masculina é construída sobre um campo específico de ação: o da magia material na qual o benefício individual é o único objetivo a ser alcançado. O diabo é não só um revelador dos conflitos entre o bem e o mal, mas também mostra os discursos dos hereges e as pedagogias da Inquisição e da Igreja. / This research investigates, through documents related to the Inquisition of Zaragoza that took place between 1497 and the 1700, the heretical practice of men held guilty by that Court, which considered them as superstitious. Such men were, therefore, practitioners of diverse types of magic necromancy, cunning practices, exorcism among other magical practices. Through the objects of necromancy, and the themes of many different magic practices, including the use of papers and texts that supported them specially the Clavícula Salomonis and the Book of São Cipriano male magic buildt itself on a specific field of action: the material magic in wich individual benefits are the unique aim to be reached. The devil is not just a revealer of conflicts between good and evil, but also shows the discourses of heretics, and the Inquisition and Church pedagogies.

Esta pesquisa investiga, através dos documentos da Inquisição de Zaragoza entre 1497 e 1700 as práticas heréticas dos réus homens qualificados por aquele tribunal como supersticiosos, portanto, praticantes de diversos tipos de magia necromancia, curandeirismo, exorcismo entre outras práticas mágicas. Através de objetos mágicos da necromancia, e dos temas pertencentes diversas de suas práticas mágicas, inclusive com o uso de papéis e textos que lhes dão suporte sobretudo a Clavícula Salomonis e o Livro de São Cipriano a magia masculina é construída sobre um campo específico de ação: o da magia material na qual o benefício individual é o único objetivo a ser alcançado. O diabo é não só um revelador dos conflitos entre o bem e o mal, mas também mostra os discursos dos hereges e as pedagogias da Inquisição e da Igreja. / This research investigates, through documents related to the Inquisition of Zaragoza that took place between 1497 and the 1700, the heretical practice of men held guilty by that Court, which considered them as superstitious. Such men were, therefore, practitioners of diverse types of magic necromancy, cunning practices, exorcism among other magical practices. Through the objects of necromancy, and the themes of many different magic practices, including the use of papers and texts that supported them specially the Clavícula Salomonis and the Book of São Cipriano male magic buildt itself on a specific field of action: the material magic in wich individual benefits are the unique aim to be reached. The devil is not just a revealer of conflicts between good and evil, but also shows the discourses of heretics, and the Inquisition and Church pedagogies.

Applying a human rights perspective on plurilingualism as a national as well as a transnational concern, with a focus on the interaction taking place in foreign language teaching and learning practices at a Swedish Special Needs School for pupils with deafness or impaired hearing, the overall aim of this study is to describe and discuss this interaction in performative terms, i.e. in terms of what is said by whom, to whom, why, and with what consequences. Although extensive research has already been carried out within the field of plurilingualism, for example from linguistic, sociological and political points of departure, research on plurilingualism with regard to foreign language teaching and learning interaction in Swedish sign language contexts has been largely missing. The ambition of this work, therefore, is to add to the diversity of research on plurilingualism. It is also hoped that this work will contribute to the debate in educational politics concerning a human rights perspective on plurilingualism, especially with regard to modern European languages as a transnational issue. Methodologically, an ethnographic approach has been employed to document, by means of two video cameras in combination with field notes, the practices of communication emerging from teacherstudent interaction. Using notions from Conversational Analysis and alongside established conventions of sign language transcription, a model of transcription was designed for the specific purpose of describing, in detail, the plurilingual interaction where Swedish sign language is used as a mediating tool. Three lessons in English and four lessons – or lesson extracts – in Spanish, at secondary level in a Special Needs School for pupils with deafness or impaired hearing, have been documented and analysed. The analyses were carried out in two different steps, one describing and one discussing the results of the empirical investigation. The institutionally formalised interaction observed appears to have contributed to the heavy dominance of the teacher, and of the IRE sequence used during the lessons, to a much greater extent than students’ deafness or impaired hearing. Although the aims and objectives of the curricular texts intended for these students, as well as for hearing ones, are expressed in communicative terms – for example, learning to read texts of relatively high complexity, or developing writing skills for communication across linguistic boundaries – almost all the lessons that were investigated concerned the translation of isolated words into sign language, often taken out of their English or Spanish context. Nonetheless, the students took part in the classroom interaction when protesting, joking, asking questions and helping each other. Thus, the teacher dominance noted does not imply suppression, but rather a tendency on the part of the teacher to underestimate the students, as well as reflecting a selective tradition within foreign language teaching and learning practices in a general Swedish school context. However, when viewed from a human rights perspective on future plurilingual European citizens, using their language skills to reach out into the world for mutual understanding, the students involved in the language teaching and learning interaction observed in this study may hardly be expected to reach out across linguistic boundaries, at least not as a result of the language education they have experienced.

In this study, four dogs from three graves from the Iron Age burial field Broa in Halla 48: 1 will be analysed. What can an osteological analysis of the dog’s skeletons tell about them? How big were they, how old, and were there some diseases? Can the relationships between dogs and the individuals from the graves be seen? How were the dogs killed? What can the dog tell us about society in Broa Halla during the Iron Age? Why were dogs buried with hu mans? Is it a hunting companion who faithfully follows its owner to life after death or is it a symbol of something? This study has examined similar tombs from Sweden to see if there are any similarities and/or differences. Such an example is Halla Broe 46:1 which has been interpreted to be part of the same burial ground as Broa Halla. Examination and comparison of the graves from Vendel and Valsgärde is added as well. The conclusion in this essay is that the graves have dogs that are large with a shoulder-height between approximately 60-73 centimeters. They have probably been used in hunting with horses when the graves also have horses in them. Larges dogs in this size are first seen in archeological materials from the iron age. Two of the dogs have some similarities with the greyhound type but this can not be conclusory proven due to the deteriorated state of the remains. This type of dogs shows that the humans in the graves have had a high societal standing in the community in Broa at their time and shows to contact with other places and import. This can also be evidence of breeding that targets different uses of dogs.

This work presents a study on the relation High School versus PEIES - Program of Ingression to University of the Federal University of Saint Mary - UFSM, from speaks of professors of the city of Mary Saint. By means of this study, it was looked to promote a reflection on the examinations of admission for ingression in University and the relation that had established, and still establish, in the practical teacher in the schools of High School in Brazil, special form examination PEIES, and in Mary Saint. This reflection was made through the agreement of program PEIES, the legislation that regulate it, as well as of its ideal and objective. One searched, through a bibliographical revision, to understand the society of century XXI and the origin of the school, and to know the history of High School in Brazil through its legislation and of the data-collecting of the MEC. To understand this relation, interviews with teacher of the schools of average education of the city and with teacher of the university had been made. The used methodology, in set with the bibliographical revision and referring legislations to the programs of seriada evaluation and of High School, was Verbal History, in the modality of Thematic Verbal History. Seven teachers had been interviewed: five of the public and private schools and two doctors in education of the UFSM. The work is divided in five chapters: description of the used methodology and the collaborators of the research; analysis of the social context and the origin of the current school; the PEIES; High School; e, finally, the presentation and analysis of the carried through interviews. / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a relação Ensino Médio versus PEIES Programa de Ingresso ao Ensino Superior da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria UFSM, a partir da fala de professores do município de Santa Maria/RS. Por meio desse estudo, procurou-se promover uma reflexão sobre os exames de admissão para ingresso no Ensino Superior e a relação que estabeleceram, e ainda estabelecem, na prática docente nas escolas de ensino médio no Brasil, de forma especial o exame PEIES, e em Santa Maria/RS. Esta reflexão foi feita através do entendimento do programa PEIES, a legislação que o regulamenta, bem como de seu ideário e objetivo. Buscou-se, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, entender a sociedade do século XXI e a origem da escola, e conhecer a história do ensino médio no Brasil através de sua legislação e do levantamento de dados do MEC. Para compreender esta relação, foram feitas entrevistas com professores das escolas de ensino médio do município e com professores da universidade. A metodologia utilizada, em conjunto com a revisão bibliográfica e legislações referentes aos programas de avaliação seriada e do ensino médio, foi a História Oral, na modalidade de História Oral Temática. Foram entrevistados sete professores: cinco das escolas públicas e privadas e dois doutores em educação da UFSM. O trabalho está dividido em cinco capítulos: descrição da metodologia utilizada e dos colaboradores da pesquisa; análise do contexto social e da origem da escola atual; o PEIES; o ensino médio; e, por último, a apresentação e análise das entrevistas realizadas.

Depuis le début des années 2000, la législation française autorise les infirmières libérales à décider quels professionnels prodigueront les soins de continuité de la vie à des personnes dépendantes vivant à domicile. Elles doivent juger si la situation d’une personne relève d’un soin infirmier ou d’une intervention sociale. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique mobilisant des entretiens semi-directifs, des observations de professionnelles en situation de travail, et des écrits professionnels, la thèse analyse en quoi le fait de travailler auprès des personnes dépendantes recompose le métier d’infirmière libérale.Nous contribuons à une sociologie des groupes professionnels à double titre. D’une part, l’étude d’un métier modeste exercé avec un statut libéral nous apprend que le statut apparaît comme un élément essentiel de la professionnalité de ce métier en autorisant (partiellement) les infirmières à autodéterminer le contenu, la finalité et les moyens de leur activité professionnelle. D’autre part, nous montrons que le contexte d’exercice auprès des personnes dépendantes (travailler avec des professionnels du social, dans des domiciles, auprès de personnes avec qui la relation s’envisage sur le long terme) constitue une épreuve de professionnalité pour les infirmières libérales. L’autodétermination du travail infirmier libéral est éprouvée par le jeu interactionnel qui se déroule entre les travailleurs du sanitaire et ceux du social. Entre eux se crée un nouvel espace dans lequel nous observons, entre autres, des échanges de sale boulot, un abandon de modèles de pensée infirmiers au profit de lignes de conduite observées dans le travail social, ou encore une façon toute infirmière de considérer la dépendance, et donc de la définir. Cette thèse montre une dynamique de profession « en situation » qui conduit à une ouverture du métier d’infirmière libérale vers les métiers du social. / Since the early 2000s, French law has allowed self-employed nurses to decide which professionals will dispense continuity of care to dependent persons living at home. They have to decide whether an individual's situation requires nursing care or social intervention. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how self-employed nurses working with dependent individuals have reconstructed the profession, based on an ethnographic survey involving semi-structured interviews, observations of professionals in the workplace, and professional writings.We have contributed to a sociology of professional groups on two counts. First, studying a modest profession exercised on a self-employed basis tells us that this is an essential element in terms of the professionalism of this profession by (partially) allowing nurses to determine the content, purpose and means of their own professional activity. Second, we will show that the context in which this profession is exercised with dependant individuals (whose working relationship, alongside social professionals, with individuals in the home is deemed "long-term") constitutes a challenge of professionalism for self-employed nurses. Self-employed nurses' self-determination is proven by the interactional relationship between both health care and social workers. A new space is therefore created between them, in which we observe, among other things, discussions on the dirty work, the abandon of nurses' models of thought in favour of the guidelines observed in social work, or even the way nurses consider dependence, and thus define it. This thesis demonstrates the dynamic of a real-life profession which opens up self-employed nurses to social professions.

Background Breast cancer is a great health concern globally. According to the cancer registry of South Africa, it is the leading cause of death amongst females. The World Health Organisation (WHO) focuses on early detection of breast cancer to decrease the mortality rate and to improve the prognosis. Breast self-examination (BSE) is recommended by the WHO as one of the screening methods for early detection of breast cancer. However, it has been found that BSE is still neglected by women all over the world including those who are assumed to have adequate knowledge of BSE and breast cancer screening tests. In some cultures, women are not encouraged to do BSE while some individuals cannot access mammograms or breast ultrasound on a regular basis. In higher education institutions in South Africa the staff complement is culturally diverse due to implementation of transformation within the Higher education sector. It is therefore important to investigate the healthcare educators’ awareness, attitudes, and practises of breast health. Healthcare educators are role models to their students and therefore should set an example in their practising of breast health. Aim This research aims to describe and explain the awareness, attitude and practises of healthcare educators related to breast health at a selected University in South Africa. Methods An explanatory sequential mixed methods research design was used to describe and explain the awareness, attitudes, and practises of breast health among health care educators. For the quantitative aspect of the study participants completed an online questionnaire about breast health and after analysing the results, the qualitative aspect of the study followed with one on one semi-structured interviews that were conducted by the researcher. Results Quantitative aspect: The results obtained from the quantitative aspect of the study indicated that many participants practice BSE and gained their knowledge of BSE from medical practitioners. The most noteworthy reason for delaying issues regarding breast health was lack of time. Participants who were married or in a relationship had higher awareness scores. Family history of breast and of any other type of cancer had a significant association with participants’ attitude toward breast health. Some of the results from the quantitative aspect of the study were further elaborated on in the qualitative aspect of the study. Qualitative aspect: From the qualitative section of this study, it became evident that although participants indicated that breast health is important to them, they do not prioritise performing any of the screening tests available to them. The participants indicated that they do not have a proper or dedicated platform to speak to students about breast health, as it is usually not relevant to the subject that they are teaching. Conclusion Despite the positive attitude and awareness of breast health among healthcare educators, the practises of breast health are somewhat alarming. The main contributors to this being participants’ unwillingness to prioritise breast health, healthcare educators’ reluctance to discuss the importance of breast health with students and participants’ personal beliefs of breast health, which leads them to be shy, fearful and embarrassed to practice breast health. Keywords: Breast cancer, breast health practises, awareness, healthcare educators, attitudes / Dissertation (MRad) -- University of Pretoria, 2020. / Radiography / MRad (Diagnostic) / Unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Micheliny Verunschk Pinto Machado.pdf: 8384224 bytes, checksum: e382c56c67184b312910f4f1893b765f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / I killed the saint: popular devotions and multimediations This research investigates the relationships, dialogues and porosities between non-canonical devotions in Brazil and Argentina and the discourses that permeate them: from a guadalupean model of christianization in the continent to mediatic propositions. In the corpus of the research five cases of popular devotion in both countries have been examined: Menina sem Nome (Nameless girl), Tânia Maria and Aída Curi, in Brazil, and Gilda and Difunta Correa (Diseased Correa), in Argentina. These cases have been analyzed under the perspective of cultural mestizaje, of baroque mechanisms of culture in Latin America, as well as that of border culture. Narratives in printed communication media have been examined under the hypothesis that fabulation and veneration are constantly created, recreated, and updated by each other, since these media occupy the role of traditional Catholic hagiography. This circularity is analyzed by Jesús Martin-Barbero as popular acts by which elements of culture are resignified. Being Latin America the locus of mestizaje and hybridization, investigating this non canonic sacred also means to understand the fictionalizing processes of life and mythologizing of everyday life elements. These devotional practices suggest a recreation of social reality, with exchange and reallocation of powers in a spectacular, fantastic, even fabled way inventing a lively and plurisignifying text. The role of such printed media seems to be preponderant as an itinerary for such elaborations, but it is from hence that the theme of this study arises: which are the translations elaborated so that printed news become sacred practices? / Esta pesquisa propõe investigar relações, diálogos e porosidades entre devoções não canônicas nos contextos brasileiro e argentino e os discursos que as atravessam: de um modelo guadalupeano de cristianização do continente às proposições midiáticas. No corpus estão elencados casos de devoções populares dos dois países: Menina sem Nome, Tânia Maria e Aída Curi, no Brasil; Gilda e Difunta Correa, na Argentina. Estes exemplos são analisados sob a perspectiva da mestiçagem cultural, dos mecanismos barroquizantes da cultura na América Latina e da cultura de bordas. As narrativas em veículos da mídia impressa são examinadas tendo como pressuposto a hipótese de que fabulações e venerações são constantemente criadas, recriadas e atualizadas umas pelas outras, com esses veículos ocupando o papel das tradicionais hagiografias católicas. Essa circularidade é tratada por Jesús Martin-Barbero como a atuação popular na ressignificação dos elementos da cultura. Sendo a América Latina o lugar da mestiçagem e das hibridizações por excelência, investigar esse sagrado não canônico significa também compreender os processos de ficcionalização da vida e da mitologização de elementos do cotidiano. Em alguma medida, essas práticas devocionais sugerem a reelaboração da realidade social, com realocações e trocas de poder, de uma maneira espetacular e adentrando pelo fantástico e pelo fabulatório na formação de um texto vivo e plurissignificante. O papel das mídias impressas parece ser preponderante como roteiro para essas elaborações e é justamente daí que surge o principal problema da pesquisa: quais são as operações de tradução empreendidas para que a notícia impressa se converta também em caminho para as práticas do Sagrado?