Abstract The dissertation examines the settlement and interactions of the Late Iron Age communities of northern Finland by focusing on the archaeological sites and finds documented in the regions of Northern Ostrobothnia and Kainuu. The point of departure for the study is to understand the data from a local point of view as in the previous evaluations the hunter-gatherer population inhabiting the area has been overlooked with most of the discussions revolving around the peasant influence arriving from southwestern Finland and Karelia. Partially for this reason, the period in question has appeared problematic and many questions regarding the settlement remain unadressed. The reason for the poor research situation articulates with the problems related to the archaeologica remains. Most of the material must be classified as so-called stray finds or archaeological objects to which no context can be determined without excavations taking place. These stray finds comprise the most significant portion of the available data, as besides them only a few burials, dwelling sites or other feasible remains are documented in Northern Ostrobothnia and Kainuu. In spite of this, the research interest towards these finds has been relatively minor until recent years. The research questions are approached via three case studies, which represent stray finds that were excavated during the research process of the dissertation. These sites are addressed by taking into consideration their form, function and dating as well as examining their archaeological context on a borader geographical scale. In addition to the case studies, the dissertation considers previously known sites and finds in the research area and elsewhere in the interior and northern Fennoscandia. Based on the study, it is argued that several stray finds are associated with burial sites, dwellings and other indicators of settlement whose formation process has likely been affected by local traditions and subsistence as well as contacts and interactions with other Iron Age communities. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimus tarkastelee Pohjois-Suomen myöhäisrautakautista asutusta ja väestön vuorovaikutussuhteita Pohjois-Pohjanmaan ja Kainuun maakuntien alueelta tunnettujen löytöjen ja kohteiden valossa. Tutkimuksen keskeisimpänä lähtökohtana on näiden teemojen hahmottaminen paikallisesta näkökulmasta, sillä monissa aikaisemmissa tulkinnoissa alueella asunut metsästäjä-keräilijäväestö on jäänyt kohtalaisen vähäiselle huomiolle keskustelujen keskittyessä Lounais-Suomesta ja Karjalasta tulleeseen talonpoikaisvaikutukseen. Osittain tästä syystä kyseinen aikakausi on pitkään näyttäytynyt ongelmallisena, eikä moniin alueen asutusta koskevaan kysymykseen ole voitu vastata. Syy myöhäisen rautakauden heikkoon tutkimustilanteeseen niveltyy arkeologiseen aineistoon liittyvään problematiikkaan. Valtaosa tutkimusalueelta talletetusta materiaalista on luettava niin kutsutuiksi irtolöydöiksi, eli arkeologisiksi esinelöydöiksi, jolle ei ilman kenttätutkimuksia ole mahdollista määrittää tarkkaa löytöyhteyttä. Irtolöydöt muodostavat merkittävän aineistokokonaisuuden, sillä niiden lisäksi Pohjois-Pohjanmaalta ja Kainuusta tunnetaan ainoastaan muutamia myöhäisrautakautisia asuinpaikkoja, hautoja tai muita arkeologisia kohteita. Tästä huolimatta, niihin kohdistunut tutkimuksellinen mielenkiinto on viimevuosiin saakka ollut pääosin vähäistä. Väitöskirja lähestyy aineistoa kolmen tapaustutkimuksen kautta. Tapaustutkimukset koostuvat kaivauksin tutkituista irtolöytökohteista sekä niiden lähiympäristön sekä laajemman arkeologisen kontekstin havainnoinnista. Kaivauksin tutkittujen kohteiden lisäksi tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan myös muuta myöhäiselle rautakaudelle ajoittuvaa aineistoa niin tutkimusalueella kuin sen lähialueilla. Tutkimuksen perusteella useat irtolöydöt voidaan liittää hautoihin, asuinpaikkoihin tai muihin asutuksesta kertoviin muinaisjäännöksiin, joiden muodostumisprosessiin ovat vaikuttaneet niin paikalliset traditiot ja elinkeinot kuin yhteydet ja vuorovaikutus muiden rautakautisten yhteisöjen kanssa.

Orientador: Mauricio Compiani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T07:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Panzeri_CarlaGracioto_D.pdf: 4686963 bytes, checksum: d2fd0da3fa330965390c88e1dbaac0ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender o processo de produção de sentidos de educação ambiental e evidenciar as práticas pedagógicas utilizadas para o tratamento das questões ambientais por duas professoras do subgrupo "Ensino Fundamental II", participantes do projeto de formação continuada intitulado "Ribeirão Anhumas na Escola", realizado durante os anos de 2007 a 2010, em Campinas/SP. Buscamos identificar: i) os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados pelas professoras para abordar a temática ambiental; ii) o papel ocupado pela educação ambiental nas práticas pedagógicas iii) os repertórios argumentativos que foram mobilizados no processo de produção de sentido e; iv) as possíveis vertentes de educação ambiental das quais as professoras se aproximaram durante a realização do projeto. Para tanto, consultamos os relatórios sobre práticas pedagógicas e pesquisas docentes elaborados pelo subgrupo "Ensino Fundamental II", especificamente aqueles redigidos pelas professoras de matemática e de língua portuguesa. Além disso, obtivemos dados por meio de entrevista elaborada especificamente para essa investigação e registros de observação participante. A interpretação dos dados foi orientada pelo referencial das práticas discursivas com o intuito de mapear os movimentos do processo de produção de sentidos de educação ambiental. Neste sentido, destacamos que a educação ambiental desenvolvida pelas professoras constituiu-se enquanto processo complexo, visto que, buscou abordar a multidimensionalidade das questões ambientais. Esse olhar para as questões ambientais foi possível devido à abordagem integrada das disciplinas, o estabelecimento de um objetivo comum às integrantes do subgrupo, o planejamento e à intensa rotina de reuniões para socializar/refletir sobre as práticas pedagógicas. Assim, apontamos a importância do trabalho coletivo na elaboração das atividades e a organização das mesmas em temas estruturantes resultando na consolidação de uma sequência didática. Ressaltamos que, o Projeto Ribeirão Anhumas na Escola organizado em eixos temáticos, eixos disciplinares, reuniões de estudo e planejamento, seminários de avaliação e ambiente virtual de ensino (TelEduc), formou o substrato sobre o qual os sentidos e as práticas de educação ambiental foram produzidos e nos quais estão enraizados / Abstract: This research aims to understand the process of generating meanings of environmental education and reflect on pedagogical practices used for the treatment of environmental issues by two teachers from subgroup Elementary School, participating in continuing education project entitled "River Anhumas in the School "during the years 2007 to 2010, in Campinas. We investigate: i) methodologies used by teachers to address environmental issues, ii) the role played by environmental education teaching practices iii) the argumentative repertoires have been mobilized in the process of assigning meaning and iv) the possible areas of environmental education in which teachers were approached during the course of the project. To this end, we consulted the reports on teaching practices and research produced by faculty subgroup "Elementary School", specifically those written by teachers of mathematics and portuguese language. Moreover, data obtained through interviews produced specifically for this investigation and records of participant observation. Data interpretation was guided by reference of the discursive practices in order to map the movements of the production process of meanings of environmental education. In this regard, we point out that environmental education developed by the teachers was constituted as a complex process, given that aimed to address the multidimensional nature of environmental issues. This look at environmental issues was made possible by the integrated approach of disciplines, the establishment of a common goal to members of the subgroup, the planning and the intense routine of meetings to socialize / reflect on practice. Thus, we point out the importance of collective work in developing the activities and organization of the same themes in structural consolidation resulting in a didactic sequence. We emphasize that the Project Anhumas School organized in thematic, disciplinary axes, study meetings and planning, evaluation seminars and virtual learning environment (TelEduc), formed the substrate on which the meanings and processes of environmental education were produced and in which they are rooted / Doutorado / Ensino e Historia de Ciencias da Terra / Doutor em Ciências

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-08T11:29:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alex Mendes - 2013.pdf: 3755532 bytes, checksum: 3da91991edc340fb3f778e23d3aed862 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-08T11:30:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alex Mendes - 2013.pdf: 3755532 bytes, checksum: 3da91991edc340fb3f778e23d3aed862 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T11:30:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alex Mendes - 2013.pdf: 3755532 bytes, checksum: 3da91991edc340fb3f778e23d3aed862 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-18 / This research work aims on subjectification practises presents on literature read by teachers under the process of professional education to work with deaf students in basic education in public schools. Since middle 90‟s of twentieth century in Brazil, efforts are made to maintain deaf students in regular schools. This action presupposes prepared teachers to take care and teach people who historically were apart from the school, starting from getting knowledge about characteristics and specifications about how these students learn. At this point, this research analysis begins when it takes as corpus some pedagogic literature works that aims to explain to the teacher under formation facts about deafness, starting with political and pedagogical aims that are diverse and even dissonant. The work begins with a historical approach about Inclusive Education, its definition and pedagogical/theoretical basis until it gets to the educational laws that authorise the existence of an educational modality oriented to a group that has specific characteristics of learning. Starting from this, the work goes to analysis of Foucault‟s archaeology that unravels by its categories of comprehension of enunciative function, the basic organization of discursive practises, its objects, modalities and the relations with the possible subjects that are authorized to discourse about deafness and the kind of subjects this kind of sayings intend to form. At this point, the research corpus is referred to know how these theories are worth to the analysis process. The next step, the analysis goes on the process of subjectification, spreading to the corpus the discussion of Foucault about discourse and its interdicts, the genealogy of power and the formation of subjectivities. The analysis also occupies itself with the notion of identity in nowadays, in according to the philosophical and sociological approach of Hall and under the concepts of life, politics and liquid modernity of Bauman. Finally, there is a specific analysis of subjectification practises that are possible to highlight from the anterior approaches, to demonstrate the production of educational professional subjects that have a certain notion of identity. / Este trabalho de pesquisa objetiva investigar as práticas de subjetivação presentes na literatura utilizada na formação de professores para trabalhar com alunos surdos na Educação Básica pública. Desde os meados da década de 1990 do século XX, no Brasil, esforços vêm sendo realizados para que surdos possam se incluir na escola regular, ação que pressupõe a preparação dos professores para cuidar ensinar uma clientela historicamente apartada da escola, a partir do conhecimento sobre as características e especificidades de aprendizagem desses alunos. Nesse ponto é que a análise desse trabalho se inicia ao tomar como corpus obras de literatura pedagógica que buscam explicar ao professor em formação fatos sobre a surdez, a partir de objetivos políticos e pedagógicos diversos e até mesmo divergentes. A começar pela abordagem histórica a respeito da Educação Inclusiva, a sua definição e embasamento teórico/pedagógico até a legislação educacional que autoriza a existência de uma modalidade educacional voltada para um grupo que possui características específicas de aprendizagem. O trabalho passa à discussão da arqueologia foucaultiana, que desvenda, a partir de suas categorias de compreensão da função enunciativa, a organização básica das práticas discursivas, seus objetos, modalidades e as relações com os possíveis sujeitos que são autorizados a dizer sobre a surdez e os tipos de sujeito que esses ditos pretendem formar. Nesse ínterim, o corpus da pesquisa é referenciado para que se possa saber qual o valor, a utilidade dessas teorias na construção da análise. Em seguida, a o trabalho prossegue sobre os processos de subjetivação, estendendo ao corpus a discussão de Foucault a respeito do discurso e suas interdições, a genealogia do poder e a formação das subjetividades; a noção de identidade no momento atual, segundo a abordagem filosófica e sociológica de Hall e nas abordagens sobre vida, política e modernidade líquida de Bauman. Por fim, há uma análise específica das práticas de subjetivação possíveis de se ressaltar a partir das abordagens anteriores, para que se demonstre a produção de sujeitos profissionais da educação que tenham uma determinada noção de identidade.

The closed loop supply chain concept has been argued to be one vital sustainability solution to prevent waste and aid humanitarian concerns. At the same time, over a third of the food resources for human consumption is being converted to food waste, contributing to malnutrition, starvation and countless deaths. Previous studies have indicated problematic barriers and constraints preventing corporations to engage in CLSC in the perceived absence of urgency and financial motives.   The purpose of this thesis is to identify how companies within the food retail industry utilise closed loop supply chain solutions to reduce waste, and contribute with knowledge in the area of CLSC solutions applicable to the food retail industry. Our study investigates the use of CLSC in the food retail industry in Sweden, and the possible constraints and advantages of CLSC in the context of reducing food waste. A qualitative study was deemed most suitable in order to try to understand and explore the complexity of the CLSC concept in a different industry environment. Three Swedish companies active in the food retail industry participated in semi-structured interviews to expand our understanding of CLSC use and incentives applicable to reducing food waste. The findings of this thesis indicates that the firms in the Swedish food retailing industry are cognisant and aware of CLSC processes. However, in the perspective of the store managers, sustainable processes and activities that theoretically constitute core components within CLSC were simply identified as fundamental processes, incentives and activities in their daily operations towards working more sustainably to minimise food waste. Advantages of CLSC included the interplay and cooperation between corporate efforts and societal stakeholders, serving as a beacon for a brighter and more sustainable future benefiting not only firms and customers but arguably everyone. However, standards, policies and regulations were identified as a limiting factor, regarding to what extent companies can engage in certain CLSC activities. Although, it was identified that all of the case companies were eager to continue their work towards CLSC and sustainable operations, arguably indicating a long-term commitment to circular activities and endeavours.

Os processos de flexibilidade produtiva com transformações tecnológicas e organizacionais nas empresas, que ocorrem no Brasil sob a égide da reestruturação produtiva capitalista desde 1980 e com maior ênfase em 1990, são observados neste estudo à luz da problemática da divisão sexual do trabalho, tomando como campo de análise o segmento de eletroeletrônicos, o qual possui a mais elevada proporção de mulheres da indústria metalúrgica. A pesquisa parte da problemática da visibilização de trabalhadoras como objeto de conhecimento nas análises sobre a classe trabalhadora, procurando oferecer contribuição à sociologia do trabalho a partir de reflexão empírica-teórica gendrada sobre o trabalho, sustentando assim a necessidade do reconhecimento da composição sexuada da classe e reivindicando a indissociabilidade das dimensões classe e gênero. Com base em estudo setorial focado em duas indústrias eletroeletrônicas transnacionais no ramo de telecomunicações e informática, cujas plantas analisadas localizam-se em municípios do interior de São Paulo, foram identificadas e analisadas características do processo de trabalho em diversos setores produtivos das empresas. Essas empresas fabricam no Brasil - uma desde a década de 1990 e outra desde 2000 - telefones celulares, tablets, monitores, notebooks, entre outros equipamentos, e empregam majoritariamente mulheres. A partir do enfoque sobre o processo de trabalho, a pesquisa procurou investigar formas contemporâneas de organização do trabalho (flexíveis ou rígidas) na indústria eletroeletrônica e as condições de trabalho que delas resultam, especialmente para as operárias. Estas condições se produzem em ambiente com flexibilidade interna e externa do processo produtivo que, contudo, manteriam mecanismos rígidos de gestão, como trabalho prescrito, controle sobre o tempo, pausas e cadência e pressão por metas, métodos que predominam nas funções taylorizadas e que costumam, também, ser funções femininas. Assim, foram analisados os critérios e as formas apresentados para a divisão sexual no interior do processo de trabalho em diversos setores das duas fábricas, abordando permanências históricas e mudanças nessa divisão, assim como especificidades sobre o controle e a qualificação do trabalho feminino. Foram investigados, também, elementos da subjetividade e significado social do trabalho para as operárias, bem como práticas sociais que derivam de sua condição de sujeitos sexuados, forjadas em relações sociais de sexo/gênero e classe, nos espaços interno e externo à fábrica. Por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com trabalhadoras/es e dirigentes sindicais representantes das/os trabalhadoras/es das duas empresas, o estudo procurou compreender em que medida as formas de organização produtiva e de divisão sexual do trabalho identificadas na indústria eletroeletrônica influenciam na reprodução das relações sociais de classe e de gênero e/ou nas possibilidades de sua transformação. / The manufacturing flexibility processes together with technological and organizational changes in companies, which have occurred in Brazil under the aegis of the capitalist productive restructuring since 1980 and with special emphasis in 1990, are observed in this study in light of the sexual division of labour issues, taking the electrical & electronic field to be analysed, which has the highest proportion of women in the metallurgical industry. The research is built on the gender-awareness issues as knowledge object in the analysis of the working class, seeking to contribute to the sociology of work with a gendered empirical and theoretical reflection on work, thus justifying the need to recognize the gendered composition of the working class and claiming the inseparability of gender and class dimensions. Based on the sectorial study focused on two transnational electrical & electronic industries of the telecommunication and computer field, whose plots analysed are located in cities in the countryside of São Paulo State, characteristics of labour process were identified and analysed in various productive sectors of the companies. These companies have manufactured in Brazil - one since the 90s and the other since 2000 telephones, cellphones, tablets, monitors, laptops, among other pieces of equipment, and employed mostly women. Focused on the labour process, the research sought to investigate contemporary forms of work organization (flexible or rigid) in the electrical & electronic industry and their resultant working conditions, especially towards the female workers. Such conditions exist in an environment with internal and external flexibility of the productive process. However, these conditions would maintain strict management mechanisms such as predetermined tasks, strict time management, breaks and cadence and pressure to reach targets, methods which prevail in the Taylorized occupations which are often female occupations as well. Thus, the criteria and the forms presented to the sexual division within the labor process were analysed in various sectors of both factories, covering historical continuities and changes in this division, as well as specificities over the control and the qualification of female labour. Elements of subjectivity and the social significance of labour for the female workers were investigated, as well as the social practises that derive from their condition of gendered subjects, generated in social relations of sex/gender and class, in and out of the factory. Through semi-structured interviews with both female and male workers and trade union leaders, representatives of the workers from both companies, the study sought to understand to which extent the forms of productive organization and the sexual division of labour identified in the electrical & electronic industry influence on the reproduction of the social relations of class and gender and / or on the possibility of their transformation.

Os processos de flexibilidade produtiva com transformações tecnológicas e organizacionais nas empresas, que ocorrem no Brasil sob a égide da reestruturação produtiva capitalista desde 1980 e com maior ênfase em 1990, são observados neste estudo à luz da problemática da divisão sexual do trabalho, tomando como campo de análise o segmento de eletroeletrônicos, o qual possui a mais elevada proporção de mulheres da indústria metalúrgica. A pesquisa parte da problemática da visibilização de trabalhadoras como objeto de conhecimento nas análises sobre a classe trabalhadora, procurando oferecer contribuição à sociologia do trabalho a partir de reflexão empírica-teórica gendrada sobre o trabalho, sustentando assim a necessidade do reconhecimento da composição sexuada da classe e reivindicando a indissociabilidade das dimensões classe e gênero. Com base em estudo setorial focado em duas indústrias eletroeletrônicas transnacionais no ramo de telecomunicações e informática, cujas plantas analisadas localizam-se em municípios do interior de São Paulo, foram identificadas e analisadas características do processo de trabalho em diversos setores produtivos das empresas. Essas empresas fabricam no Brasil - uma desde a década de 1990 e outra desde 2000 - telefones celulares, tablets, monitores, notebooks, entre outros equipamentos, e empregam majoritariamente mulheres. A partir do enfoque sobre o processo de trabalho, a pesquisa procurou investigar formas contemporâneas de organização do trabalho (flexíveis ou rígidas) na indústria eletroeletrônica e as condições de trabalho que delas resultam, especialmente para as operárias. Estas condições se produzem em ambiente com flexibilidade interna e externa do processo produtivo que, contudo, manteriam mecanismos rígidos de gestão, como trabalho prescrito, controle sobre o tempo, pausas e cadência e pressão por metas, métodos que predominam nas funções taylorizadas e que costumam, também, ser funções femininas. Assim, foram analisados os critérios e as formas apresentados para a divisão sexual no interior do processo de trabalho em diversos setores das duas fábricas, abordando permanências históricas e mudanças nessa divisão, assim como especificidades sobre o controle e a qualificação do trabalho feminino. Foram investigados, também, elementos da subjetividade e significado social do trabalho para as operárias, bem como práticas sociais que derivam de sua condição de sujeitos sexuados, forjadas em relações sociais de sexo/gênero e classe, nos espaços interno e externo à fábrica. Por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com trabalhadoras/es e dirigentes sindicais representantes das/os trabalhadoras/es das duas empresas, o estudo procurou compreender em que medida as formas de organização produtiva e de divisão sexual do trabalho identificadas na indústria eletroeletrônica influenciam na reprodução das relações sociais de classe e de gênero e/ou nas possibilidades de sua transformação. / The manufacturing flexibility processes together with technological and organizational changes in companies, which have occurred in Brazil under the aegis of the capitalist productive restructuring since 1980 and with special emphasis in 1990, are observed in this study in light of the sexual division of labour issues, taking the electrical & electronic field to be analysed, which has the highest proportion of women in the metallurgical industry. The research is built on the gender-awareness issues as knowledge object in the analysis of the working class, seeking to contribute to the sociology of work with a gendered empirical and theoretical reflection on work, thus justifying the need to recognize the gendered composition of the working class and claiming the inseparability of gender and class dimensions. Based on the sectorial study focused on two transnational electrical & electronic industries of the telecommunication and computer field, whose plots analysed are located in cities in the countryside of São Paulo State, characteristics of labour process were identified and analysed in various productive sectors of the companies. These companies have manufactured in Brazil - one since the 90s and the other since 2000 telephones, cellphones, tablets, monitors, laptops, among other pieces of equipment, and employed mostly women. Focused on the labour process, the research sought to investigate contemporary forms of work organization (flexible or rigid) in the electrical & electronic industry and their resultant working conditions, especially towards the female workers. Such conditions exist in an environment with internal and external flexibility of the productive process. However, these conditions would maintain strict management mechanisms such as predetermined tasks, strict time management, breaks and cadence and pressure to reach targets, methods which prevail in the Taylorized occupations which are often female occupations as well. Thus, the criteria and the forms presented to the sexual division within the labor process were analysed in various sectors of both factories, covering historical continuities and changes in this division, as well as specificities over the control and the qualification of female labour. Elements of subjectivity and the social significance of labour for the female workers were investigated, as well as the social practises that derive from their condition of gendered subjects, generated in social relations of sex/gender and class, in and out of the factory. Through semi-structured interviews with both female and male workers and trade union leaders, representatives of the workers from both companies, the study sought to understand to which extent the forms of productive organization and the sexual division of labour identified in the electrical & electronic industry influence on the reproduction of the social relations of class and gender and / or on the possibility of their transformation.

Cette étude vise à explorer le caractère acculturant de pratiques scolaires ordinaires utilisant la littérature de jeunesse en classe de cours préparatoire. Adossée à la recherche LireÉcrireCP, elle compare dans une démarche à la fois écologique et quantitative les pratiques de deux groupes de classes à l’efficacité contrastée. Trois pratiques sont étudiées dans ce travail : la lecture offerte, la séance de découverte de texte et l’implantation d’une bibliothèque de classe. Le corpus est composé des 15 classes qualifiées, par la recherche LireÉcrireCP, comme les plus efficaces et les 15 les moins efficaces. L’efficacité est mesurée en fonction de la progression des élèves, évalués en début et fin d’année, et attribuable uniquement à l’enseignant, ce qu’on peut nommer aussi l’effet-enseignant. Les résultats montrent que dans le groupe des classes les plus efficaces, et contrairement au deuxième groupe, les pratiques étudiées comportent une dimension qui cultive la lecture privée chez les élèves. L’acculturation est alors caractérisée par la mise en œuvre de situations rituelles mettant en scène la pratique culturelle de lecture pour soi dans ses trois composantes indissociables : subjective, sociale et cognitive. L’étude est prolongée par une analyse qualitative des pratiques des maitres du groupe le plus efficace. Elle montre que la modélisation de l’activité de l’élève est assurée par un étayage serré de l’enseignant et que celui-ci repose sur la mise en scène des corps, des réifications et sur la verbalisation. L’analyse de l’étayage langagier montre enfin que, dans ces classes, les oraux qui entourent les lectures de littérature de jeunesse sont particulièrement réflexifs et relèvent d’une compétence professionnelle particulière consistant à étayer la construction négociée d’un point de vue où la reformulation et la structuration du discours sont essentielles. / The purpose of this study is to explore the acculturating features of some teaching practices using youth literature in the 1st year. Reinforced by the research LireÉcrireCP, it compares the practices of two different groups of classes of different efficiency within a quantitative approach without impact on the teachers’ practices. Three different types of practice are studied in this research: the reading by the teacher for pupils, the lessons of text exploration, and the implementation of a library within the classroom. In our study, according to the LireÉcrireCP research, 15 classes are recognised as the most efficient ones, and 15 others as the less efficient ones. The efficiency is assessed according to the progression made by the pupils attributable only to the teacher, so-called the teacher’s effect. This progression is assessed at the beginning and at the end of the school year. In contrast with the less efficient group of classes, the results observed in the most efficient group of class show that the investigated practices help to develop and cultivate reading for personal purpose of pupils. The acculturation is therefore characterised by the implementation of rituals featuring the cultural practice of reading for personal purpose with its three indissociable components: subjective, sociable, and cognitive. The study is extended by an investigation of the teachers’ practices within the most efficient groups. It highlights that shaping of the pupils’ activity is ensured by a strong scaffolding of the pupils by the teacher. This scaffold must rest upon the acting, on the reification, and on the verbalisation. Lastly, the analysis of the language’s scaffold shows that in these classes, the oral activity that complements the reading of youth literature is particularly thinking demanding and depends on the supporting skills of the teacher for the construction of the point of view where reformulating and structuring the pupil’s speech are essential.

Problem: The increased environmental awareness among people as well as businesses has led to the development of new concepts such as sustainable development and environ-mental marketing. One way of practising environmental marketing, which is based on the three principles social responsibility, holism and sustainability, is to use eco-labels on prod-ucts and services. Many companies see the usage of eco-labels as a means to gain competi-tive advantage. The number of eco-labelled products and services constantly increases, but does it mean that the number of companies practising corporate social responsibility also increases? The thesis strives to find out how a company through the usage of eco-labels contributes to a sustainable society by practising environmental marketing and thus social responsibility. The more specific purpose of this thesis is to: Explore the relationship between the usage of eco-labels on products and services and the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) within three different companies. Method: A qualitative research approach was applied. Data was collected through six semi-structured interviews with the responsible of environmental/sustainability questions of three different companies (Scandic, Arla Foods and JC) and with the representatives within information/PR from two third party organisations (the Nordic Swan and KRAV). Results: We have drawn the conclusion that in order to have CSR incorporated within the organisation of the company, there is a need to have a balance between the different di-mensions (economic, environmental and social) of the company. The company also needs to take responsibilities that go beyond economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities. Scandic and Arla Foods have CSR fully incorporated within their organisations. JC have an imbal-ance between the different dimensions and have therefore not fully incorporated CSR. When it comes to the relationship between the eco-label and CSR, we can conclude that for the explored companies the relationship is dependent on the environmental philosophy and the environmental culture of the company having the eco-label. Scandic and Arla Foods have strong environmental cultures and their eco-labellings are seen as being the output of their CSR. JC do not have such a strong environmental culture and their eco-labelling is seen as the input of CSR. Third party organisations play an important role for CSR within the explored companies, both for the development and for the continuous im-provements of CSR. Third party organisations emphasise the development of CSR when the eco-label is seen as being the input of CSR, as in the case of JC. When the eco-label is seen as the outcome, as for Scandic and Arla Foods, the third party organisations help the companies to make continuous improvements. / Problem: Den ökade medvetenheten hos människor såväl som hos företag när det kom-mer till miljöfrågor har bidragit till att nya koncept som till exempel hållbar utveckling och grön marknadsföring har uppkommit. Grön marknadsföring bygger på de tre principerna: socialt ansvarstagande, holism och hållbarhet. Ett sätt att tillämpa grön marknadsföring är att använda miljömärkningar på varor och tjänster. Användandet av miljömärkningar ses som en konkurrensfördel av många företag och antalet miljömärkta varor och tjänster ökar konstant. Betyder detta att även antalet företag som tar ett samhällsansvar ökar? Denna uppsats söker ta reda på hur ett företag med hjälp av miljömärkningar bidrar till ett hållbart samhälle genom tillämpning av grön marknadsföring och därmed också socialt ansvarsta-gande. Det mer specifika syftet med den här uppsatsen är att: Undersöka förhållandet mellan användandet av miljömärkningar på varor och tjänster och tillämpningen av företagens samhällsansvar (CSR) i tre olika företag. Metod: En kvalitativ undersökningsmetod tillämpades. Data samlades in genom sex styck-en semistrukturerade intervjuer med de ansvariga inom miljö- och hållbarhetsfrågor på tre olika företag (Scandic, Arla Foods och JC) och med informatörerna från två tredjeparts or-ganisationer (Svanen och KRAV). Resultat: Vi har kommit till slutsatsen att det måste finnas en balans mellan de olika di-mensionerna (ekonomiska, sociala och miljö) inom företaget för att CSR ska vara inkorpo-rerat i dess organisation. Företaget måste också ta ett ansvar utöver de ekonomiska, lagliga och etiska ansvar som företag har. Scandic och Arla Foods har fullt ut inkorporerat CSR i sina organisationer. JC har en obalans mellan de olika dimensionerna och har därför inte fullt ut inkorporerat CSR. När det kommer till förhållandet mellan miljömärkningen och CSR hos de undersökta företagen, har vi dragit slutsatsen att detta förhållande är beroende på miljöfilosofin och miljökulturen hos företaget som har miljömärkningen. Scandic och Arla Foods har starka miljökulturer och deras miljömärkningar ses som ett resultat av deras CSR. JC har inte någon stark miljökultur och deras miljömärkning ses som ett bidrag till CSR. Tredje parts organisationer spelar en viktig roll både för utvecklandet och för det kontinuerliga förbättrandet av CSR inom de undersökta företagen. När miljömärkningen ses som ett bidrag till CSR, som i fallet med JC, fokuseras tredje parts organisationers infly-tande på utvecklandet av CSR. När miljömärkningen ses som ett resultat av CSR, som hos Scandic och Arla Foods, hjälper tredje parts organisationer företagen att göra kontinuerliga förbättringar.

<p>Problem: The increased environmental awareness among people as well as businesses has led to the development of new concepts such as sustainable development and environ-mental marketing. One way of practising environmental marketing, which is based on the three principles social responsibility, holism and sustainability, is to use eco-labels on prod-ucts and services. Many companies see the usage of eco-labels as a means to gain competi-tive advantage. The number of eco-labelled products and services constantly increases, but does it mean that the number of companies practising corporate social responsibility also increases? The thesis strives to find out how a company through the usage of eco-labels contributes to a sustainable society by practising environmental marketing and thus social responsibility. The more specific purpose of this thesis is to:</p><p>Explore the relationship between the usage of eco-labels on products and services and the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) within three different companies.</p><p>Method: A qualitative research approach was applied. Data was collected through six semi-structured interviews with the responsible of environmental/sustainability questions of three different companies (Scandic, Arla Foods and JC) and with the representatives within information/PR from two third party organisations (the Nordic Swan and KRAV).</p><p>Results: We have drawn the conclusion that in order to have CSR incorporated within the organisation of the company, there is a need to have a balance between the different di-mensions (economic, environmental and social) of the company. The company also needs to take responsibilities that go beyond economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities. Scandic and Arla Foods have CSR fully incorporated within their organisations. JC have an imbal-ance between the different dimensions and have therefore not fully incorporated CSR. When it comes to the relationship between the eco-label and CSR, we can conclude that for the explored companies the relationship is dependent on the environmental philosophy and the environmental culture of the company having the eco-label. Scandic and Arla Foods have strong environmental cultures and their eco-labellings are seen as being the output of their CSR. JC do not have such a strong environmental culture and their eco-labelling is seen as the input of CSR. Third party organisations play an important role for CSR within the explored companies, both for the development and for the continuous im-provements of CSR. Third party organisations emphasise the development of CSR when the eco-label is seen as being the input of CSR, as in the case of JC. When the eco-label is seen as the outcome, as for Scandic and Arla Foods, the third party organisations help the companies to make continuous improvements.</p> / <p>Problem: Den ökade medvetenheten hos människor såväl som hos företag när det kom-mer till miljöfrågor har bidragit till att nya koncept som till exempel hållbar utveckling och grön marknadsföring har uppkommit. Grön marknadsföring bygger på de tre principerna: socialt ansvarstagande, holism och hållbarhet. Ett sätt att tillämpa grön marknadsföring är att använda miljömärkningar på varor och tjänster. Användandet av miljömärkningar ses som en konkurrensfördel av många företag och antalet miljömärkta varor och tjänster ökar konstant. Betyder detta att även antalet företag som tar ett samhällsansvar ökar? Denna uppsats söker ta reda på hur ett företag med hjälp av miljömärkningar bidrar till ett hållbart samhälle genom tillämpning av grön marknadsföring och därmed också socialt ansvarsta-gande. Det mer specifika syftet med den här uppsatsen är att:</p><p>Undersöka förhållandet mellan användandet av miljömärkningar på varor och tjänster och tillämpningen av företagens samhällsansvar (CSR) i tre olika företag.</p><p>Metod: En kvalitativ undersökningsmetod tillämpades. Data samlades in genom sex styck-en semistrukturerade intervjuer med de ansvariga inom miljö- och hållbarhetsfrågor på tre olika företag (Scandic, Arla Foods och JC) och med informatörerna från två tredjeparts or-ganisationer (Svanen och KRAV).</p><p>Resultat: Vi har kommit till slutsatsen att det måste finnas en balans mellan de olika di-mensionerna (ekonomiska, sociala och miljö) inom företaget för att CSR ska vara inkorpo-rerat i dess organisation. Företaget måste också ta ett ansvar utöver de ekonomiska, lagliga och etiska ansvar som företag har. Scandic och Arla Foods har fullt ut inkorporerat CSR i sina organisationer. JC har en obalans mellan de olika dimensionerna och har därför inte fullt ut inkorporerat CSR. När det kommer till förhållandet mellan miljömärkningen och CSR hos de undersökta företagen, har vi dragit slutsatsen att detta förhållande är beroende på miljöfilosofin och miljökulturen hos företaget som har miljömärkningen. Scandic och Arla Foods har starka miljökulturer och deras miljömärkningar ses som ett resultat av deras CSR. JC har inte någon stark miljökultur och deras miljömärkning ses som ett bidrag till CSR. Tredje parts organisationer spelar en viktig roll både för utvecklandet och för det kontinuerliga förbättrandet av CSR inom de undersökta företagen. När miljömärkningen ses som ett bidrag till CSR, som i fallet med JC, fokuseras tredje parts organisationers infly-tande på utvecklandet av CSR. När miljömärkningen ses som ett resultat av CSR, som hos Scandic och Arla Foods, hjälper tredje parts organisationer företagen att göra kontinuerliga förbättringar.</p>

Orientador: Eduardo Augusto Ostergren / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T08:55:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Takahama_AlexandreMachado_D.pdf: 42177477 bytes, checksum: 8a2800f09e59047cc5fdc735a81f76f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A ópera Sandro de Murillo Furtado (1873-1958) ocupa uma privilegiada posição de destaque no cenário musical sul-rio-grandense por ter sido a primeira ópera composta e estreada por um compositor gaúcho no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se da segunda e última ópera do compositor, a qual foi composta entre 1901 e 1902, sob forte influência do verismo. Seu enredo é uma seqüência dos acontecimentos da ópera Cavalleria Rusticana de Mascagni. Foi estreada em 1902, e relatos indicam que sua última execução ocorreu no ano de 1908, sendo que um dos fatores que contribuem para o seu completo abandono nos dias de hoje é a precariedade do material existente. Utilizando esta ópera como objeto de estudo, este trabalho tem como principal objetivo realizar uma abordagem sobre a sua direção musical no sentido de dar subsídios para a sua execução, a qual será viabilizada através da restauração do libreto e da edição revisada do manuscrito autógrafo. O trabalho se divide em quatro capítulos: o primeiro contextualiza o compositor e a obra do ponto de vista histórico. O segundo apresenta uma investigação da ópera em seus aspectos estruturais e estilísticos. O terceiro apresenta a primeira edição revisada desta ópera, a qual atua como um subsídio para a sua execução. O quarto e último capítulo traz uma discussão a respeito dos aspectos pragmáticos da preparação desta ópera, fundamentados nos conteúdos desenvolvidos nos capítulos precedentes. Por fim apresentamos, no apêndice, o libreto restaurado e traduzido bem como a partitura editada da ópera Sandro. / Abstract: The opera Sandro by Murillo Furtado (1873-1958) holds a privileged and prominent position in the Rio Grande do Sul musical scene for having being the first opera written and premiered by a native composer in his home State of Rio Grande do Sul. It is the second of two operas written between the years 1901 and 1902 under strong influence of Verismo School. Its plot is a sequel to the events already present in Cavalleria Rusticana by Mascagni. Sandro's debut took place in 1902 and reports of the time indicate that it had its last performance in the year 1908. The precarious condition of the existing orchestral material poses serious obstacle for another performance of the work. This dissertation therefore offers an approach to Sandro's musical direction in order to make its performance possible which could only be viable through the restoration of the libretto and of the revised edition of the manuscript score. It is divided into four chapters: the first attempts to contextualize the composer and his work from a historical standpoint; the second proposes to discuss structural and stylistic aspects of the opera; the third offers a newly revised edition of the work as subsidy for its performance; the fourth discusses pragmatic aspects regarding preparation of the work based on contents developed in the preceding chapters as well as historical overview about the preparation of an opera. Finally an addenda presents the restored libretto with a translation into the Portuguese language as well as an edited version of the full orchestral score. / Doutorado / Praticas Interpretativas / Doutor em Música