L‘objet essentiel de cette thèse concerne la clarification empirique de l'influence pédagogique et politiste du pragmatisme deweyen dans le contexte sociohistorique, éducatif et politique de l'occupation américaine d'Haïti (1915-1934). Elle ambitionne en parallèle d'élucider l'éventualité d'autres formes d'influences politistes qui se rattacheraient aux paradigmes essentiels de la modernité politiste et à la sociologie de l'expérience des problèmes publics. En effet, les réponses apportées dans un sens comme dans l'autre, sont modulées suivant une double exigence méthodologique qui repose sur l'approche qualitative et documentaire. Par cette voie, les discours invoqués (documentaires) et provoqués (qualitatifs) en provenance d'acteurs haïtiens et américains ont été mis à contribution en toute empiricité, au terme des réponses qui s'expriment parfois de façon claire, voilée et aléatoire. En effet, l'influence pédagogique deweyenne a été présente au travers du progressisme scolaire haitiano américain, au terme de la modélisation éducative, que les acteurs américains tentaient d'introduire, au sein du système éducatif haïtien, fortement inspiré à l'époque par la culture scolaire française. Néanmoins, une telle influence a été cohérente dans sa forme d'expression, mais ne l'a pas été tout à fait du point de vue de son éfficacité. La résistance culturelle haitienne a semblé y être pour quelque chose et a même de surcroît, étonnement détroné ''l'actionnalité'' de l'idéologie pragmatiste américaine. Quant à l'influence politiste deweyenne, elle a été aussi marquante à travers le tracé publicitaire utilisé par les acteurs américains pour traduire en action publique leur projet éducatif. Comme en éducation, elle a été réductrice surtout du point de vue de l'éthisation deweyenne de l'action publique, laquelle éthisation soumet celle-ci à une double normativité, le respect de la personne humaine et la prévalence de l'intérêt général. Au regard de la modernité politiste qui défend une conception ''normée'' et ''multiréférenciée'' de l'action politiste, les logiques référentielles sont un peu minces et renvoient surtout au ''paradigme notionnel'' construit, entre autre, par Patrick Hassenteufel, Philippe Garaud, tels que, ''fenêtre d'opportunité'', ''agenda silencieux'', ''agenda contraint''. La sociologie de l'expérience des problèmes publics et le registre de l'action publique deweyenne se croisent (à travers l'univers politiste de ce travail de recherche) à un carrefour paradigmatique publicitaire et démocratique hautement significatif et enrichissant. L'éthisation dewyenne de l'action publique (et démocratique) ouvre une perspective de réflexivité politiste qui se détermine à prévaloir l'objectivité (pragmatiste) de l'enquête publique tant dans son aspect conceptuel qu'actionnel. Le perspectivisme public ou publicitaire incarné par Joseph Gulsfield et soutenu entre autre par Daniel Cefaï s'inscrivant dans le registre paradigmatique de la sociologie de l'expérience des problèmes publics, y participe également. Ainsi s'annonce (et s'actualiserait) aussi via ce travail de recherche, une perspective méditative et créatrice publicitaire prometteuse, surtout sur le plan de l'éthisation où la réflexivité à la dewey semble manquer, ou du moins, n'est pas utilisée en proportion de grandeur, comme cela se doit. Une autre perspective méditative s’ouvre aussi, cette fois, du point de vue sociohistorique, socioinstitutionnel, éducatif et diplomatique. Elle invite les acteurs américains et haïtiens à un autodépassement réflexif, quant aux erreurs ‘’actionnelles’’ et interprétatives relatives au passé de l’occupation, ainsi qu’à un réapprentissage continu de la complexité historico-politique et diplomatique haitiano américaine. / The main purpose of this thesis concerns the empirical clarification of pedagogic and political influence of Dewey’s pragmatism in the socio-historical, educational, and political context of the U.S. occupation of Haiti (1915-1934). It aims in parallel to elucidate the possibility of other forms of influence of political scientists and sociology that would relate to basic paradigms of modern political scientist and sociology from the experience of public issues.Indeed, the responses in one way or another are modulated following a double methodological requirement based on the qualitative approach and documentary. In this way, speeches invoked and provoked from Haitian and American actors have been involved in any empiricist, after answers that are sometimes expressed in a clear, veiled and random. In contrast, the influence of Dewey’s educational prospective was present through Haitian-American educational progressivism that characterizes educational modeling that American actors were trying to introduce in the Haitian education system, strongly inspired at the time by the French school culture. However, such influence has been consistent in its form of expression, but has not been utterly from the standpoint of its effectiveness. The Haitian cultural resistance seemed to be for something and even moreover, surprisingly dethroned the “actionnality” (dethroned the ability to influence) of the American pragmatist ideology

This thesis addresses how leaders find themselves doing something even when they don't know what to do. It is based on my own practice as an experienced team leader and it deals with questions of action, time, identity and leadership. A classic understanding of action usually reflects an expectation of a rational means-ends relationship where actions are designed and applied by individuals to reach well-defined goals within a certain context and within a certain time. In contrast, in this thesis, I describe acting as a much more complex process, as something becoming, as a patterning of activities involving multiple actors in a continuous and complex interweaving of relationships. I describe my experience of leading a team of consultants in international development projects where I inquire into how we often find ourselves acting into uncertainty even when we are not at all sure what to do. Adopting the theory of complex responsive processes of relating, which combines insights from the complexity sciences, social psychology and process sociology, I have come to see acting in our projects as complex, unpredictable, emerging themes and patterns of dialogues between colleagues, clients and other actors, rather than as an activity undertaken by an individual such as a team leader. I do not have an outside position to acting in a project as I am fully involved in the process while this paradoxically influences me at the same time. I argue that acting is related to identity, which can be understood as a sense of self, a person's moral self-interpretation which has a narrative structure and which is continuously being formed by (and is forming) one's acting. I argue that my experience of our practice may be explained by the pragmatists' understanding of acting based on actual lived experience where the means paradoxically become our 'ends-in-view' and vice versa, meaning that we do not just try to maintain a theoretical, future goal but move forwards towards what is practically possible, what we find useful and what makes sense in the present. Acting happens in a living present, meaning that we understand the present through our interpretation of the past as well as our expectation of the future, and we construct this living present as something that works for us when we pursue our collective aims and interests. In the process of acting, there is an arrow on time, meaning that what has been said cannot be unsaid, wherefore it is important to reflect on the perspective of 'ends-in-view' and to understand how acting into a situation may reveal new opportunities. The thesis contributes to knowledge within my profession as an original invitation to think differently about two aspects: first, seeing acting in a project with a much more processual, temporal and encompassing understanding where action is not located in an individual; second, understanding how acting is influenced by one's identity, a sense of self, which is paradoxically being formed by the acting at the same time. Further, the thesis identifies sociality, being different things at the same time (Mead, 1932/2002), as a new aspect in the theory of complex responsive processes of relating (Stacey, Griffin, & Shaw, 2000), recognising its significance in the process of understanding of how novelty occurs. The thesis contributes to my practice in terms of an increased reflexivity and acceptance that a team leader cannot determine outcomes in advance; that leadership is a complex process involving many actors; and that observing ends-in-view may create new and surprising ways forward. I find that these insights can lead to an increased acceptance of how we can act under conditions of uncertainty.

Talent management is an organisational process aimed at maximising the benefit gained from the organisation's workforce, mostly by assessing the future potential of senior organisational members to fill key positions based on their proportional contribution to the business. Despite the increasing prevalence of talent management, evidence is accumulating to indicate an extremely low success rate of just 20-25% in predicting high performers. While talent management continues to address a growing business need, a better understanding of the process may help to refine its practice. The underpinning assumptions of the practice of talent management are that organisations are systemic and linear, and that talent management must produce a single answer identifying what it means to be a 'talent' in any specific circumstance. As a profession, talent management also maintains a fantasy of control: the expectation that assessed individuals will indeed behave as anticipated, and that stated targets will remain unchanged. As a progressive and trending HR process, talent management's close connection to organisational power relations and political dynamics is rarely acknowledged. The emotional toll on assessed senior executives, as well as potential ramifications for their colleagues, is also often overlooked, despite the significant implications for individual careers and broader inferences of inclusion-exclusion inherent in the process of talent selection. Talent management practitioners and scholars tend not to consider the impact on individuals of inaccurate assessments and mistaken decisions. As a talent manager practitioner who decrees the fate of individuals, such glaring oversights provoked in me an acute ethical anxiety that drove this research. This work offers a critical perspective on the practice of talent management - in particular, the process of judgment involved in the assessment of 'high potentials' and the potent dynamics of inclusion in/exclusion from the talent group. Having witnessed first-hand the inconsistency between apparently robust predictions (based on best practice) and subsequent outcomes, I began this research with strong feelings of ambivalence towards my practice of 25 years and my prospering business of 10 years. The critical perspective of the current study took shape within the research framework, which is based on the philosophy of pragmatism and the complex responsive process of relating that draws on it, as well as on process sociology and complexity sciences. The research methodology insists that scholars take their own direct experience seriously, collect their raw data through writing narratives, and then exercise reflection and reflexivity both as individuals and as part of the Doctor of Management (DMan) learning community. The narratives 'translate experience so that it is meaningful to the reader' (Cunliffe, 2010, p. 228). Applying this innovative approach not only to my research, but also to my professional practice, has led me to challenge the most fundamental assumptions of talent management. I now have a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the process of judgment at its core, and have developed a new way to approach and implement this process within my work. This thesis culminates in three main arguments describing talent management from a new perspective, as well as redefining the role and degree of involvement of talent management consultants. First, the central process of judgment emerged not as an objective analysis communicated in a unidirectional, linear way from the assessor to the assessed, but rather as a relational and social process that involves shifting power relations and an inclusion-exclusion dynamic influenced by many unpredictable factors. Second, from the perspective of the research framework, the assessor can no longer be seen as an objective observer, but must be regarded as a participant who is simultaneously both involved and detached and who must rely on their practical judgment. Talent management's traditional promise of future-oriented focus and reliable predictions is illusory, given that all participants are continuously merging their ongoing experiences to spontaneously co-create the future in unpredictable ways. . Understanding that the assessment process is not a simple numerical exercise (ranking individuals on various scales) and that no single truth can be obtained through an assessment process (since assessment results are co-created with all participants in the process) has eased my ethical concerns and enabled me to continue practising my profession with confidence, by taking a fresh viewpoint of what it is that I am doing. It is my hope that other talent management practitioners will find these insights useful and generalisable, and valid to their own practice - extrapolating from the local to the global.

En 1955, Luciano Berio obtient de la R.A.I. l’autorisation de créer, dans les locaux milanais de la radio, le Studio di Fonologia, premier studio européen mêlant musique concrète et musique électronique. Ce lieu, dont il définira tout autant les statuts que les différents appareillages, va devenir pour lui durant six ans un lieu de production effrénée de radiodrames pour la R.A.I., mais également un laboratoire de recherches personnelles. Entouré par un cercle d’avant-garde, très au fait des publications scientifiques de son temps - notamment dans le domaine de la linguistique, de la théorie musicale, et du structuralisme - il va plonger de façon empirique au cœur la matière vocale. La situation acousmatique du studio, l’absence d’interprètes, la dimension poétique et théâtrale du langage vont l’amener à se questionner sur l’écoute, et, dans une pensée brechtienne, sur l’écoute de l’écoute. Nous tentons de dégager, dans notre travail, en partant de la réalité du travail en studio, les éléments qui ultérieurement ont fusionné pour devenir le style bérien et qui sont déjà en germe ou même parfaitement identifiables durant cette période qui va de Chamber Music à Laborintus II. / In 1955 the R.A.I. granted Luciano Berio permission to create the Studio di Fonologia in their Milan radio studios, the first European studio to combine “musique concrète” and purely electronic music. He was able to choose the equipment and define the usage of the studio so that it became a place where he would produce radio dramas for the R.A.I. at a furious pace for six years as well as a laboratory for personal research. Surrounded by a circle of avant-garde personalities, very aware of scientific publications of his time - notably in the domains of linguistics, musical theory and structuralism - he will dive in an empirical way into the heart of vocal material. The acousmatic nature of the studio, the absence of live performers, and the poetic and theatrical dimension of language will lead him to ask himself about the notion of listening, and in a Brechtian way, about listening to listening. We will attempt in our work to reveal - from his actual studio work - the elements which later merged to become the Berian style and which were already germinating or even perfectly recognizable during the period from Chamber Music to Laborintus II.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-09-06T17:59:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) sophia_andrade_coelho.pdf: 1001228 bytes, checksum: 99ba4066b64da80f6d9ecaf0fd0d2b33 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-10-04T19:17:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) sophia_andrade_coelho.pdf: 1001228 bytes, checksum: 99ba4066b64da80f6d9ecaf0fd0d2b33 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-04T19:17:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) sophia_andrade_coelho.pdf: 1001228 bytes, checksum: 99ba4066b64da80f6d9ecaf0fd0d2b33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Sistemas a base de Multiagente (SMA) s?o formados por unidades aut?nomas de processamento de informa??o (agentes), munidos de arquitetura que lhes permite intera??o com seus semelhantes e seu ambiente ao longo do tempo. Tais sistemas podem ser desenvolvidos para o estudo de formas emergentes de linguagem e de intelig?ncia entre esses agentes. Por meio de tais modelos, no qual as vari?veis relacionadas ? comunica??o podem ser mais precisamente aferidas e controladas, pode-se estudar a origem e as interfer?ncias a respeito da linguagem natural, os fatores que a influenciam, bem como o que a pr?pria linguagem ? capaz de influenciar. A linguagem ? um dos fatores necess?rios para a abstra??o e intelig?ncia, e o estudo de sua emerg?ncia pode ser a pe?a chave para o cont?nuo desenvolvimento de mentes artificiais. As formas de intera??o e linguagem a emergir entre tais agentes beneficiam as capacidades de representa??o, e a comunica??o pode ser o ponto de partida para que os agentes desenvolvam e compartilhem conceitua??es do mundo, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de n?veis cognitivos elevados. Esta disserta??o tem como objetivo geral defender que a sem?ntica artificial existe e pode ser teoricamente sustentada a partir do pragmatismo e da teoria da ena??o, compreendendo o fen?meno da linguagem como um sistema complexo e din?mico emergido entre tais agentes. Os objetivos espec?ficos incluem uma an?lise e exposi??o das contribui??es de diversos campos das Ci?ncias Cognitivas, de forma a apontar a modelagem e simula??o Multiagente como m?todo capaz de rever, aprimorar e desenvolver teorias por um m?todo pass?vel de verifica??o. Como metodologia deste trabalho, adotou-se a revis?o bibliogr?fica por meio de an?lises, estudos e revis?es de peri?dicos, artigos, trabalhos e livros que abordaram intera??es complexas entre agentes, emerg?ncia da linguagem, semi?tica de Peirce e conceitos de lingu?stica cognitiva. Os resultados indicam que, compreendendo a linguagem como um sistema de rela??o simb?lica a partir do pragmatismo de Peirce e do m?todo anal?tico, os SMA s?o capazes de gerar formas de linguagem e consequentemente abstra??o e intelig?ncia. Assim, a linguagem ? abordada como um sistema complexo e multicausal que pode ser mais bem compreendido por meio de modelagens computacionais baseadas em sistemas complexos. A compet?ncia dos agentes de transformar o meio torna-os ativos na cria??o de formas pr?prias e genu?nas de linguagem e nas mudan?as de seu pr?prio sistema, formando um grupo funcional e inteligente. Conclui-se, com base na Lingu?stica Cognitiva e no pragmatismo, que a partir dos processos de intera??o a sem?ntica artificial existe, ? medida que pode-se gerar artificialmente jogos de linguagem e usos emergentes de signos como formas aut?nomas de representa??es de alto n?vel. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Humanas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. / The multi-agent based systems (MAS) are made up of information processing units (virtual agents), engineered to allow interaction among their peers and their own environment over time. These systems are developed for the study of the emergence of language and intelligence among agents. With these models, in which the variables related to communication can be more precisely measured and controlled, one can study the origin and the interferences that entail natural language. Also, the factors that influence language, and what language itself is able to influence could be better understood. Since language is one of the elements necessary for abstraction and intelligence, the study of its emergence may be the key element for the development of artificial intelligence. The forms of interaction and language to emerge among agents benefit capacities of representation so that communication may be the starting point for the agents to conceptualize their world, allowing them to develop high cognitive levels. Our general aim is to defend that artificial semantics exists from pragmatism and the theory of enation, understanding the phenomenon of language as a complex and dynamic system emerged among such agents. Our specific goal includes contributions to the advances in the fields of Artificial Intelligence and the reality of human language itself, in order to review, improve and develop theories by a selectable method. The methodology chosen was through research, studies, and reviews of periodicals, articles, works and books that involve complex interactions, language emergence, Peirce's semiotics and linguistic concepts. The results show that, comprehending language as a system of symbolic relations from pragmatism and analytic methods, MAS are able to generate forms of language and consequently abstraction and intelligence. This way, language is seen as a complex and multicausal system that may be better understood from computing modelling based in complex systems. The competence of the agents to transform their environment makes them active in creating and changings of their own system, forming a functional and intelligent group. Based on cognitive linguistics and pragmatism, we conclude that artificial semantics exist from interaction processes, since it is possible to notice the emergence of language and autonomous forms of high level representations.

This work provides an overview of Cornel West's moral thought. I begin by analyzing West's characterization of a promising viewpoint in moral inquiry that he believed Karl Marx adhered to--radical historicism. This viewpoint, which West presents in an early work of his, The Ethical Dimensions of Marxist Thought, leads one to discard the traditional philosophical pursuit of certainty in ethics in favor of a historically situated attempt to enact meliorative social change. After outlining the details of this viewpoint and West's characterization of Marx's relationship to it, I examine some of West's subsequent work in light of radical historicism. In this section, I indicate that West still maintains the efficacy of ideals in the moral realm despite his abandonment of the traditional philosophical pursuit of apodictic foundations. For West, these ideals mainly stem from three main traditions: the tragicomic, the deep democratic, and the prophetic Christian.

La littérature en knowledge management a connu une croissance exponentielle depuis quelques années, elle aborde une grande variété de sujets. Néanmoins, les travaux de recherche sur les gestionnaires en charge de mettre en place et de gérer la démarche de knowledge management sont très peu nombreux. Dans le tournant pratique (practice turn) apparu dans la théorie sociale et récemment mobilisé dans la littérature en gestion, la notion d’intentionnalité de l’acteur occupe une place dominante, alors que les pratiques pourraient être lus comme la résultante accidentelle de conditions et transformations de pratiques et discours antérieurs. Afin de contribuer à combler ces manques dans la littérature, mon travail de thèse porte sur la vie des knowledge managers dans une entreprise multinationale. Il s'agit de comprendre la nature de l’action que ces knowledge managers déploient pour parvenir à accomplir leurs missions dans un contexte organisationnel à la fois contraignant et facilitant où le KM doit se construire une place au sein des préoccupations quotidiennes multiples des dirigeants et des salariés. Cette recherche s’inspire du pragmatisme de Dewey. La méthode de recherche, construite à partir des travaux de Benner (1994) et van Manen (1990) qui sont ancrés dans la méthodologie de la phénoménologie interprétative, s’appuie sur des entretiens de type récits de pratique. Les participants à notre recherche sont sept knowledge managers dans un multinational. Ils sont localisés dans de différent pays, en France, en Autriche, au Canada, et en Chine. Avec chaque participant, nous avons fait deux entretiens approfondis de deux heures. L’analyse se fait en deux temps. Dans un premier temps, une analyse thématique permet d’identifier les points communs dans les expériences vécues par les knowledge managers. Elle nous conduit à proposer une image qui sert de fil rouge à notre analyse. Dans un deuxième temps, chaque expérience est analysée comme un paradigme c'est-à-dire une « façon d’être » un knowledge manager. La principale particularité du knowledge management est le fait que c’est une nouvelle fonction, qui n’a pas une place déjà marquée dans la vie de l’entreprise. Cette absence de territoire est une des principales réalités affrontées par les knowledge managers, qui doivent « faire avec » cette absence de territoire et tenter de trouver une place pour la fonction knowledge management. Cette particularité nous conduit à envisager les knowledge managers comme des « rafteurs », pratiquant le canoë-kayak en eaux vives. La rivière, ses obstacles et son puissant courant, renvoie au contexte organisationnel difficile pour les knowledge managers. Les knowledge managers tels des rafteurs, sont emportés par le courant qui les fait avancer et menacés par les obstacles. Ils se battent pour empêcher le bateau d’être renversé. Ils agissent pour éviter les obstacles et tirer le meilleur parti du courant. Les actions des knowledge managers peuvent être classées en trois catégories : intentionnelles, émergentes et contraintes. La dimension intentionnelle correspond à des actions de marketing interne. La dimension émergente peut être envisagée comme la recherche d’îlots de stabilité au milieu de la rivière. La fonction knowledge management cherche ainsi à trouver sa place en s’intégrant à des processus déjà existants au sein de l’organisation. La dimension contrainte est la nécessaire recherche de soutien que les knowledge managers doivent trouver pour mener à bien leur travail. De plus, nous avons identifié trois catégories de knowledge managers en fonction de leur capacité à faire avec l’absence de territoire de la fonction knowledge management. Parmi les sept knowledge managers, un a décidé de renoncer au poste du fait des difficultés, quatre sont toujours en train de se battre avec les obstacles et le puissant courrant pour obtenir une place dans la vie de l’organisation, et deux ont obtenu un certains succès. / Inspired by the lack of research on the practices of knowledge managers in the literature and the existing dominance of the building mode in strategy-as-practice research, this thesis has two attempts. One is to examine how the knowledge managers, as strategizing practitioners, do their job via intentional doing and practical coping in their particular context. Another is to understand how knowledge managers, as strategizing practitioners, live in their position. To develop an investigation framework, this thesis relies on the pragmatic theory of John Dewey, especially his perspective on the transactional relationship between man and the environment. The empirical investigation is carried out based on the six inter-related procedures put forward by van Manen (1990), which are in line with the spirit of hermeneutic phenomenology. Seven knowledge managers of a multinational, who work in different countries, including France, Austria, China, and Canada, were interviewed during two sessions of two hours. The interviews are semi-structured. The interpretation process relies on the model proposed by Benner (1994), which performs cross-case thematic analysis to show the common threads between the stories of the knowledge managers, and studies the paradigm cases using withincase analysis to understand the individuality of each story. Exemplars are used to convey the different aspects of the themes and paradigm cases presented. Validity is enhanced by internal verification and testing of interpretive description, craftsmanship quality (Kvale, 1996), and a validation of findings by the participant. An “audit trail” (Koch, 1994) is kept to help the reader follow the rationale of the researcher’s interpretations. The analysis reveals that the main particularity of knowledge management is that it is a new function. The knowledge managers have to build a place for the knowledge management function through a strategizing process to gain acceptance. The knowledge managers can be compared with the rafters on an angry river, with the river indicating the organizational context, and the rafting representing the strategizing process. The knowledge managers, as the rafters, are carried on as well as endangered by the current. They fight to protect their inflatable boat from sinking by trying to avoid the obstacles and taking advantage of what is useful for them on the river. From the cross-case thematic analysis, the strategizing actions, undertaken by the knowledge managers, are grouped into three categories: intentional, emergent, and constraint-responding. They are labelled marketing, island-finding, and force-building, respectively. From the paradigm-case analysis, the knowledge managers are divided into three groups based on their capability to survive the turbulent organizational context and build a territory for the knowledge management function. Among the seven knowledge manager, one has decided to give up the position, four are still struggling with the obstacles and the powerful current to obtain a place within the organizational life, and two have achieved certain success. They are named the defeated, the struggling, and the contented, respectively.

The field of environmental ethics has been in discussion and debate the past 40 years over how to best expand the circle of moral consideration away from a privileged human perspective to encompass the rest of the non-human world in order to change minds and social practices to address environmental degradation and destruction. One of the main methods is devoted to arguing for the intrinsic value of non-human lives and places as the means to do this. I argue that this method of environmental ethics because it, at best, is a lazy framework for moral deliberation that ignores the entangled sociopolitical and environmental complexity of a situation by reducing the answer to a single set of predetermined values and interests which (re)produces and reinforces social and environmental injustice. An environmental pragmatist approach geared towards addressing environmental injustice is a better way of addressing both environmental degradation and social inequalities.

Ce livre part d’un double constat : la philosophie véhicule des distinctions dualistes dont la conflictualité affaiblit gravement notre sentiment de solidarité humaine et qui sont autant d’obstacles au développement humain et au progrès social ; affronter la philosophie sur son propre terrain mène à une impasse, toute objection à son règne métaphysique devant, pour être reçue, se formuler dans les termes mêmes de la métaphysique... Il s’agit donc de changer de terrain, ou de chemin. Pour pacifier la pensée et ainsi les rapports humains, il faut instaurer une véritable démocratie dans/de la pensée : établir une pensée dépourvue de but, qui substitue à la recherche de la Vérité celle de la Liberté, ouvrant la voie d’une Utopie libérale.Cette pensée, pour être réelle, doit s’appuyer sur le seul réel qui soit : l’Homme lui-même, en tant qu’Étranger complet, non seulement à l’ensemble des « sciences humaines », mais à la pensée dans sa totalité. On parle d’Utopie radicale de l’Homme, telle que la Philosophie non-standard ou Non-Philosophie en propose la posture. Une posture qui consonne étrangement avec la pratique en kâta, développée au Japon depuis plusieurs millénaires comme « posture en-pratique-complète » de la pensée. Le kâta est au cœur de tous les arts et pratiques au Japon, il forme la base la plus générale des techniques de soi, et façonne la pensée et les pratiques sociétales dans leur ensemble. Kâta, de même que la Philosophie non-standard, permet l’axiomatisation de la pensée et sa posture sans tenter de véhiculer de vérité. Ils constituent de la sorte une alternative crédible à la pensée-monde occidentale aujourd’hui en impasse.L’ouvrage a été publié chez L’Harmattan sous le titre « POSTURES ET PRATIQUES DE L'HOMME - Libéralisme, philosophie non-standard et pensée japonaise »[en ligne: <http://www.harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&no=40952>] / The actual system of thought is founded on the use and proliferation of dualist distinctions that are responsible for the weakening of our sentiments of human solidarity thus represents an obstacle to the future social and human development. Confronting this model on its own terms leads to a dead end, for any objection to its metaphysical reign is expected to be formulated in the same terms of the metaphysical vocabulary that the standardized model of philosophy uses therefore we need to change the field of action trough the idea of efficient democracy inside the economy of knowledge that is built as a rigid and centralized system. Establishing a democracy of thought implies establishing a system of thought that doesn’t rely on a metaphysical purpose beyond Man. I rely on the research done by Richard Rorty and Michel Foucault on the relation between various forms of power, knowledge and language. Furthermore I use the theoretical model developed by François Laruelle known as Non-standard philosophy in order to analyze the shortcomings of both Rorty and Foucault. Non-standard philosophy demonstrates how all forms of philosophy are structured around a prior decision of dialectical division of the world in order to be able to grasp the world philosophically. Philosophers remain constitutively unaware of this prior decision making process thus perpetuating a self-sufficient practice of philosophy. Relying on the model of Non-standard philosophy I am able to analyze an alternative system of thought based on the use of Kâta developed in Japan as a successful example of alternative history of thought to that of the West. This work has been published under the title « POSTURES ET PRATIQUES DE L'HOMME - Libéralisme, philosophie non-standard et pensée japonaise » (online: <http://www.harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&no=40952>)

Le pragmatisme, en tant que courant philosophique, et l'anarchisme, en tant que courant politique, semblent être reliés par deux approches d'apparence complémentaire : le premier est souvent considéré comme politiquement neutre alors que le second comme philosophiquement indifférent. Notre étude consiste à examiner cette double neutralité et, suivant notre interrogation, à savoir « le pragmatisme, est-il une philosophie anarchiste ? », valoriser et évaluer la possibilité d'une réponse positive, car les conséquences politiques de l'un et les conséquences philosophiques de l'autre, ainsi que les causes de leur prétendue indifférence complémentaire, nous inspirent l'idée d'une architecture commune. Dans un premier temps, nous tentons de situer cette architecture dans la philosophie de James et de Dewey se focalisant sur le rapport du pragmatisme à la démocratie. Nous dégageons ainsi les traits principaux d'une philosophie de l'expérience conforme aux exigences que les philosophes pragmatistes prêtent à la démocratie, car c'est l'expérience qui permet à la démocratie de voir sa dimension éthique, très présente chez les pragmatistes, devenir politique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous examinons l'articulation de ce que l'on peut appeler doxa anarchiste avec les thèses philosophiques que James et Dewey voient composer la philosophie de l'expérience. Nous nous focalisons notamment sur la pensée de Proudhon et de Bakounine, dont la filiation nous semble porteuse du même esprit anti-absolutiste qui correspond à la dimension critique de la philosophie de l'expérience. / Pragmatism, as a philosophical movement, and anarchism, as a political one, seem to be connected by two seemingly complementary approaches: pragmatism is often considered as politically neutral, while anarchism as philosophically indifferent. The aim of our study is to examine this double neutrality and, following our interrogation, namely « is pragmatism an anarchist philosophy? », to evaluate the possibility of a positive answer, the political consequences of the one and the philosophical consequences of the other, and also the causes of their alleged complementary indifference, inspiring us the idea of a commun architecture. First, we try to locate this architecture in the philosophy of James and Dewey, focusing on the relationship of pragmatism to democracy. Thus, we point out the main features of a philosophy of experience fitting the demands - in a pragmatic perspective - of democracy. For it is only experience that allows democracy to see its ethical dimension - very present among pragmatists - become political. Second, we examine the articulation of what we can call anarchist doxa with the philosophical assertions that form, according to James and Dewey, the philosophy of experience. We focus, in particular, on the thought of Proudhon and Bakunin, whose kinship seems to carry the same anti-absolutist spirit that forms the critical dimension of the philosophy of experience.