We examined the effect of changing from an internally prepared motor plan to a revised action which potentially differed from the original plan along two dimensions: wrist orientation (horizontal or vertical) and left/right hand. Participants were instructed to prepare a particular hand grasp action and then were cued either to execute that motor plan or cancel it and plan a new action. In Experiments I and II, if the change from the original motor plan to an alternate response implied an action different from the prepared one, there was a slowing in response time. Moreover, if there was a change, maintaining the originally planned wrist orientation produced faster responses than changing orientation, but only if the response hand remained constant between planned and alternate actions and the cue was an image of a hand depicting a goal posture. In Experiment III, when the alternate action was cued by an image of an object inviting a particular grasp action, there was transfer only of the hand feature. In a final experiment, participants switched from a prepared action to naming a manipulable object. The motor features of the object differed from the original motor plan in the same way as in previous experiments. No effect of the previously cancelled motor plan was seen on naming latencies. These results elucidate the nature of motor plans and the role of motor actions in the representation of objects. / Graduate

In the Tampa Bay region, increasing population and changing demographics have begun to alter the characteristics of established neighborhoods. An increase in suburban growth has triggered a shift in the location and profitability of food establishments in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods. Supermarket closures have garnered attention from public health officials who are concerned with the overall availability of fresh food throughout Hillsborough and Pinellas Counties. Unfortunately, there has been little research surrounding the quality of food sold at establishments in both the Tampa Bay region and abroad. Instead, many geographic studies have chosen to group both fresh and prepared food establishments into a singular category for analyses. While helpful for a generalized understanding of food access overall, these methods do little to convey access to fresh foods which are essential for a balanced diet. This study offers a different perspective from traditional food access studies by categorizing food stores into fresh and prepared categories. For each food category, the Cumulative Opportunity Measure (COM) was first applied to measure food accessibility at the census block group level; a descriptive analysis was then employed to examine the relations between food accessibility and socioeconomic variables. In order to provide a meaningful comparison, these same steps were taken to emulate the results of the combined model (fresh and prepared) that is often utilized in previous studies. Finally, a map displaying the COM ratio of fresh to prepared food by block group was created to highlight areas with disproportionately more fresh (or prepared) food opportunities. Results indicate that rural may be at a disadvantage with respect to fresh food accessibility. Also, a discrepancy between the fresh model and the prepared and combined models, in relation to female headed households, may indicate that food establishment classification has a significant effect on food accessibility. Overall, positive relationships were observed between factors relating to minority status, no GED, room occupancy, public assistance, limited English, poverty, and lack of vehicle ownership for the fresh, prepared, and combined food accessibility models. Finally, the ratio of fresh to prepared food establishments could explain why some populations exhibit higher rates of obesity even when in direct proximity to fresh food opportunities.

No description available.

by Chan Kin-Nin, Kenneth and Leung Wai-Man, Elisa. / Questionnaire in English and Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.viii / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Problem Statement --- p.1 / Background of the Company --- p.3 / Chapter II. --- STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES --- p.5 / Manager's Objectives --- p.5 / Research Objectives --- p.6 / Chapter III. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.7 / Research Design --- p.7 / Pilot Survey --- p.9 / Data Collection Method --- p.9 / Sampling --- p.10 / Sampling Design And Sampling Frame --- p.10 / Sampling Unit And Sample Size --- p.11 / Fieldwork --- p.12 / Demographics Characteristics of the Sample --- p.12 / Chapter IV. --- ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF BREAKFAST AND BREAKFAST CEREALS --- p.15 / Importance of Breakfast & Frequency of Taking Breakfast --- p.15 / Perception of A Healthy Breakfast --- p.16 / The Kind of Breakfast Eaten Most Often --- p.17 / The Kinds of Breakfast Eaten Second Most Often --- p.18 / Location of Breakfast Taken --- p.19 / Awareness of Breakfast Cereals --- p.20 / Attitudes Towards Breakfast Cereals --- p.22 / Frequency of Eating Breakfast Cereals --- p.23 / Types of Media to Know Breakfast Cereals --- p.25 / Chapter V. --- ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ON BRAND AWARENESS AND BRAND CHOICE --- p.26 / Brand Knowledge --- p.26 / Brand Purchase --- p.27 / Information Search Before Purchase --- p.31 / Relationship Between Buyer And User --- p.32 / Awareness of Weetabix And Alpen --- p.33 / Respondents' Opinions on Alpen And Weetabix --- p.37 / Chapter VI. --- MARKETING IMPLICATIONS --- p.40 / Chapter VII. --- LIMITATIONS & SUGGESTIONS --- p.48 / Limitations of the Study --- p.48 / Suggestions for Future Research --- p.51 / APPENDICES --- p.52 / Questionnaire (English Version) --- p.52 / Questionnaire (Chinese Version) --- p.60 / One-Way Tabulation Tables --- p.67 / Cross-Tabulation Tables --- p.88 / Figures --- p.100 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.115

Thesis (Ph.D. (Agriculture)) --University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2005 / Drying, grinding and sieving are commonly employed to facilitate the handling, storage of soil samples on which chemical, biological, and physical analyses are to be performed. These laboratory protocols have the potential to alter soil chemical characteristics and may result in unrealistic estimates of in situ chemical processes. The effect of laboratory soil sample preparation on level of extractable Ca, Mg, K, and P was determined. The analyses were done on laboratory prepared soil samples and compared with the characteristics of fresh soil samples (field-moist) for the same soils that were sampled in pairs of 20 per location of the four locations. Samples were collected at Tshiombho irrigation scheme, Dal water farm, Magoebaskloef pine tree farm and Syferkuil experimental farm. The results indicated that soil samples should be kept at their field moist status until experimental procedures are done. Concentration of most extractable ions for the two preparation methods correlated closely. However, grinding and air-drying increased P concentration by 1.3 to 1.55 times, and decreased the concentration of K by 2 to 2.5 times and this is caused by soil moisture depletion. According to the results, there should be different preparation methods for different extractable ions, Ca and Mg can be continued analysed on laboratory prepared soil samples but soil pH, K and P should be analysed on fresh soil samples. If such is not done, then the effects should be considered when interpreting the results for fertilizer recommendations. / NRF

Thesis (Ph. D.--Music)--University of California, San Diego, 2000. / Vita. Music for clarinet (alto clarinet), 2 violins, viola, violoncello, prepared piano, percussion, and tape.

Magistro darbe tiriamas dirvos paruošimo būdo ir pasodinimo vietos įtaka eglės želdiniams. Darbo objektas – Šilutės miškų urėdijos Stemplių, Šiaudėnų ir Žemaičių Naumiesčio girininkijų 1999 - 2005 metų paprastosios eglės želdiniai. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti dirvos paruošimo būdo ir pasodinimo vietos įtaką eglės želdinių prigijimui ir augimui. Darbo metodai – literatūros loginės analizės; apskaitos aikštelių metodas; duomenys apdoroti matematinės statistikos metodais. Darbo rezultatai. Įvertinant dirvos paruošimo būdo ir pasodinimo vietos įtaką eglės želdiniams buvo įvertinti 112 sklypų, iš jų Nc augavietėje 29 sklypuose, Lc – 72 sklypuose, Ld – 11 sklypų. Pagal dirvos ruošimo būdus tyrimo objektai išsidėstė taip: dirva ruošta kauburėliais – 83 objektuose, vagomis - riekėmis (sodinant į šlaitelį) – 15 objektų ir 14 sklypų kai dirva visai neruošta. Pagal medelių pasodinimo vietą tirti objektai pasiskirstė taip: pasodinti kauburėlio viršuje – 36 objektai, kauburėlio šlaite – 47 objektai, vagų – riekių šlaite – 15 objektų ir neruoštoje dirvoje – 14 objektų. Atlikus paprastosios eglės želdinių tyrimus priklausomai nuo dirvos paruošimo būdo ir pasodinimo vietos, gauta jog geriausiai medeliai prigyja, kai dirva ruošta kauburėliais Lc augavietėje. Palyginus gautus duomenis pagal medelių biometrinius rodiklius geriausi rezultatai gauti taip pat, kai dirva ruošta kauburėliais Ld augavietėje. Blogiausiais eglaičių prigijimas ir biometriniai rodikliai yra, kai dirva visai neruošta Lc... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In MG work is studding Norway spruce growing depending from soil preparation way and seating place. The work's object - Šilutė's enterprise Stempliai, Šiaudėnai and Žemaičių Naumiestis forestry 1999 – 2005 years Norway spruce plantation. The work's aim - value Norway spruce plantations growth depending from soil preparation way and seating place. The work's methods -literature logical analysis, accounting plots method; statistical methods for data work were used. The work's results. Valued Norway spruce growth depending from soil preparation way and seating place was value 112 plots, from its in Nc place - 29 plots, in Lc - 72 plots, in Ld – 11 plots. From soil preparation way investigation object are: micro rise soil preparation - 83 objects, trench - slice (planting in slant) - 15 objects and in 14 plots when soil not prepared. From sapling growth investigation object divided so: plant in micro rise - 36 objects, micro slant - 47 objects, trench - slice slant - 15 objects and not prepared soil - 14 objects. Navigated Norway spruce plantation investigation depending from soil preparation way and seating place, got, what best plant establishes, when soil preparation micro rise in Lc place. Comparison got information by plant biometrics parameters best result got, when soil preparation in Ld place too. Worst spruce establishes and biometrics parameters are, when soil not prepared in Lc place. In summary, best results find when soil prepared in micro rise.

A granola-type, omega-3-rich breakfast cereal prototype was developed using ground flaxseed as the principal source of linolenic acid (1.8% w/w). Other ingredients included rolled oats, yellow sugar, honey, sliced almonds, and canola oil. The focus of the research investigation was to apply and study the addition of an antioxidant (AO) and the use of Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) on shelf-life extension of the enriched cereal. Granola samples, both with and without AO (300ppm of 70% mixed tocopherols), were packaged in air, and under the two atmospheres achieved by nitrogen flushing (MA 1) and an oxygen scavenger (MA2). Samples were stored at either 21 or 35°C. / Shelf-life was terminated when products reached a thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value of 4.0 mg malonaldehyde/kg corresponding to a sensory score of 5 (on a hedonic scale of 10). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

This thesis focuses on acoustic and prosodic (fundamental frequency (F0), duration, intensity) analyses of French from large-scale audio corpora portraying different speaking styles: prepared and spontaneous speech. We are interested in particularities of segmental phonetics and prosody that may characterize pronunciation. In French, many errors caused by automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems arise from frequent homophone words, for which ASR systems depend on language model weights. Automatic classification (AC) was conducted to discriminate homophones by only acoustic and prosodic properties depending on their part-of-speech function or their position within prosodic words. Results from AC of two homophone pairs, et/est (and/is) and à/a (ton/has), revealed that the et/est pair was more discriminable. A selection of prosodic and inter-phoneme attributes, that is 15 attributes, performed as good results as with 62 attributes. Then corresponding perceptual tests have been conducted to verify if humans also use acoustico-prosodic parameters for the discrimination. Results suggested that acoustic and prosodic information might help in operating the correct choice in similar ambiguous syntactic structures. From the hypothesis that pronunciation variants were due to varying prosodic constraints, we examined overall prosodic properties of French on a lexical and phrase level. The comparison between lexical and grammatical words revealed F0 rise and lengthening at the end of final syllable on lexical words, while these phenomena were not observed for grammatical words. Analyses also revealed that the mean profile of a n length noun phrase could be different from that of a n length noun with a low F0 at the beginning of a noun phrase. The prosodic profiles can be helpful to locate word boundaries. Findings in this thesis will lead to localize focus and named-entity using discriminative classifiers, and to improve word boundary locations by an ASR post-processing step.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008. / Accompanying disc is DVD-ROM and contains sound files of recordings of the pieces. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 25, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Durations: ca. 21:00-25:00 ; ca. 10:00 ; ca. 9:00. Performance instructions precede each score The 2nd work reproduced from holograph.