Air pollution has changed from an urban environmental problem to a phenomenon spreading to state, country and even global scales. In response, a variety of regulations, standards, and policies have been enacted world-wide. Policy-making and development of efficient and effective control strategies requires understanding of air quality impacts from different sources, which are usually estimated using source-oriented air quality models and their corresponding uncertainties should be addressed. This thesis evaluates emission uncertainties and their impacts on air quality modeling (Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ)), with special attention to biomass burning. Impacts of uncertainties in ozone precursors (mainly NOX and VOC) emissions from different sources and regions on ozone formation and emission control efficiencies are evaluated using Monte Carlo methods. Instead of running CMAQ multiple of times, first and higher order ozone sensitivities calculated by Higher-order Decoupled Direct method in Three Dimensions (CMAQ-HDDM-3D) are employed to propagate emission uncertainties. Biomass burning is one of the major sources for PM2.5. Impacts of uncertainties in biomass burning emissions, including total amount, temporal and spatial characteristics, and speciation on air quality modeling are investigated to identify emission shortcomings. They are followed by estimation of seasonal PM2.5 source contributions over the southeastern US focusing on Georgia. Results show that prescribed forest fires are the largest individual biomass burning source. Forest fire emissions under different forest management practices and ensuing air quality impacts are further studied. Forest management practices considered here include different burning seasons, fire-return intervals (FRIs), and controlling emissions during smoldering. Finally, uncertainties in prescribed forest fire emissions are quantified by propagation of uncertainties in burned area, fuel consumption and emission factors, which are required inputs for emissions estimation and quantified by various fire behavior models and methods. In summary, this thesis has provided important insights regarding emission uncertainties and their impacts on air quality modeling.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, 2005. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 9, 2005). Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-146).

Thesis (M.S.)--Humboldt State University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-97). Also available via Humboldt Digital Scholar.

Apesar de vários estudos já terem examinado os efeitos de queimadas naturais, respostas das aves, como variação do padrão da comunidade, guilda trófica e das espécies, ao manejo de fogo ainda não foram investigadas em reservas do Cerrado, Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a avifauna em trechos de campo sujo manejados (aceiros) e não manejados por fogo no Parque Nacional das Emas, Brasil Central. Este é o primeiro trabalho a avaliar os efeitos do manejo do fogo prescrito sobre comunidades de aves no Cerrado. Foram selecionados 12 locais de estudo. Em cada local, havia um transecto no aceiro e outro em campo sujo não manejado. Uma amostra consistiu em percorrer um transecto de 800m a pé, anotando as aves detectadas visual ou auditivamente a 15m do observador. Frequência de ocorrência e abundância das espécies e das guildas tróficas, riqueza total, abundância total da comunidade de aves e composição de espécies encontradas nos dois ambientes foram comparadas. No total, foram 881 registros e 41 espécies de aves. A riqueza e a abundância total de aves foram significativamente menores em aceiros. Houve diferença na composição de espécies de aves entre campos não manejados por fogo e aceiros. Dentre as guildas tróficas, os onívoros foram mais frequentes em campos não manejados. Granívoros, nectarívoros e onívoros foram mais abundantes em vegetação não manejada. Das 21 espécies analisadas separadamente, a coruja Athene cunicularia foi a única indicadora de aceiros e também mais frequente e abundante em aceiros. Por outro lado, foram identificadas quatro espécies indicadoras de campos sujos não manejados (Melanopareia torquata, Xolmis cinerea, Neothraupis fasciata e Coryphaspiza melanotis). Tais espécies podem ser usadas como indicadores ecológicos do regime e histórico do fogo e podem fornecer informações se os objetivos das ações de manejo do fogo estão sendo atingidos. Sete espécies foram mais frequentes e oito espécies foram mais abundantes em campos não manejados. Três dessas espécies são endêmicas do Cerrado (M. torquata, N. fasciata e Cypsnagra hirundinacea) e quatro estão sob algum grau de ameaça e são altamente sensíveis a distúrbios (Polystictus pectoralis, Alectrurus tricolor, C. melanotis e C. hirundinacea). Assim, cuidado e atenção devem ser redobrados para essas espécies, pois possuem alto valor para conservação e menor frequência ou abundância em aceiros. A menor riqueza e abundância de aves encontrada em aceiros devem estar relacionadas ao menor uso desse habitat, indicando menor disponibilidade de recursos como alimento, reprodução e abrigo, dado que o fogo altera a estrutura e composição da vegetação. Isso demonstra uma diminuição da qualidade do ambiental geral dos aceiros, provocada pela sua atual forma de manejo. Propomos que a queima dos aceiros seja feita em intervalos de 3 anos, em vez de 1 2 anos como tem sido realizada. Dessa forma, seria mantida a função dos aceiros como controle e barreira efetiva de incêndios e também para conservação da biodiversidade. / Several studies have investigated the effects of natural fires on Cerrado birds. However, avian responses to fire management have not been examined. We compared birds found in firebreaks (fire managed areas) and in fire unmanaged grasslands, in Parque Nacional das Emas, Central Brazil. This is the first study to evaluate the effects of prescribed fire on the Cerrado avifauna. We selected 12 study sites. We established one transect in the firebreak and another one in an unmanaged grassland area in each study site. Each bird count sample consisted of walking through an 800m transect recording birds seen or heard 15m from the observer. Species richness, total bird abundance, species composition, feeding guilds abundance and frequencies of occurrence and species abundance found in firebreaks and unmanaged grasslands were compared. In total, 881 individuals and 41 species were recorded. Species richness and total abundance were significantly lower in firebreaks. Species composition was different between firebreaks and unmanaged grasslands. Omnivores were more frequent and more abundant in unmanaged grasslands. Granivores and nectarivores were more abundant in unmanaged grasslands. Twenty-one bird species were analyzed separately, one of which (Athene cunicularia) was indicator of firebreaks and also more frequent and abundant in firebreaks. On the other hand, we identified four indicator species of unmanaged grasslands (Melanopareia torquata, Xolmis cinerea, Neothraupis fasciata and Coryphaspiza melanotis). These species might be used as ecological indicators of fire regime and history, and also give information if fire management goals are being achieved. Seven species were more frequent and eight species were more abundant in unmanaged grasslands. Three of them are endemic of Cerrado (M. torquata, N. fasciata and Cypsnagra hirundinacea) and four of them are highly sensitive to human disturbances and threatened with extinction in some degree (Polystictus pectoralis, Alectrurus tricolor, C. melanotis e C. hirundinacea). Caution must be redoubled to these species, as they are of high conservation priority and less frequent and abundant in firebreaks. The lesser avifauna complexity in firebreaks than in unmanaged areas might be connected to the low use of this habitat, thus indicating lower resource availability, such as food, sites for reproduction and refuge. This is because fire changes vegetation structure and composition. We propose that firebreaks should be burnt every 3 years, instead of 1-2 years. In this way, fire management would keep its function as effective fire barriers and would also keep biodiversity conservation.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-10-21T12:24:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Raquel Salomão Morais - 2016.pdf: 1708170 bytes, checksum: d285e195dd33dbdb5d3f9a83d0f78dea (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Rejected by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com), reason: on 2016-12-16T12:20:44Z (GMT) / Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-12-16T12:27:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Raquel Salomão Morais - 2016.pdf: 1382237 bytes, checksum: f64fa818fbd26760ecd9b0e2cc80a24a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-16T16:56:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Raquel Salomão Morais - 2016.pdf: 1382237 bytes, checksum: f64fa818fbd26760ecd9b0e2cc80a24a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-16T16:56:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Raquel Salomão Morais - 2016.pdf: 1382237 bytes, checksum: f64fa818fbd26760ecd9b0e2cc80a24a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-27 / This study is part of the line of research on Labor, Education and Social Movements and aims to understand how teachers perform individualized care, the Municipal Network Goiânia through a case study in a school in the first cycle. The service is offered in order to be a time for students with learning disabilities so that they may have a space to remedy their difficulties. The service is offered for students with learning disabilities so that they may have time and space to remedy their difficulties. The service takes place twice a week for a total of two hours per week. The relationship between what is prescribed for the purposes of answering the teacher's task and what actually happens in reality during its execution, observing what the teacher puts in motion for its realization will be observed, which often extrapolates what is prescribed and many see no setting actions that are invisible in everyday school life. Documents that say something about the service will be analyzed (RME). School history as a formal institution and the teacher's role in dealing with knowledge will also be analyzed. Methodologically held -If observations of care, interviews and instruction to double. The theoretical framework lies in the field of French-based ergonomics and seeks to recognize and locate in this field of study the distance between prescribed work and real work and how this distance is managed by the worker in his work activity. / Este estudo insere-se na linha de pesquisa, Trabalho, Educação e Movimentos Sociais e tem por objetivo compreender como professores realizam o atendimento individualizado, na Rede Municipal de Goiânia através de um estudo de caso em uma escola de ciclo I. O atendimento é ofertado com o intuito de ser um momento para que o aluno com dificuldade de aprendizagem possa ter um espaço para sanar suas dificuldades. Ocorrendo duas vezes na semana, no total de 2 horas aula. Foi observada a relação que existe entre o que é prescrito para a realização dessa tarefa do professor do atendimento e o que de fato ocorre na realidade durante a sua execução, observando o que o docente põe em movimento para a realização da sua atividade, muitas vezes, extrapolando o que está prescrito, configurando ações que são invisíveis no cotidiano escolar. Foram analisados documentos da RME que abordam o atendimento e o funcionamento da escola de ciclos, também foi feita a análise do histórico da escola como instituição formal e do papel do professor no trato com o conhecimento. Metodologicamente realizou -se observações do atendimento, entrevistas e instrução ao sósia. O referencial teórico utilizado situa-se no campo da ergonomia de base francesa e busca reconhecer e localizar nesse estudo de campo a distância entre o trabalho prescrito e o trabalho real e como esta distância é gerida pelo trabalhador em sua atividade de trabalho.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-09T13:31:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 danielleaparecidaarruda.pdf: 4504077 bytes, checksum: 50f87cdf7b7af4b64b8214efb7cb05c0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-13T14:27:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 danielleaparecidaarruda.pdf: 4504077 bytes, checksum: 50f87cdf7b7af4b64b8214efb7cb05c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T14:27:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 danielleaparecidaarruda.pdf: 4504077 bytes, checksum: 50f87cdf7b7af4b64b8214efb7cb05c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho analisa as relações entre a religião prescrita e a religião praticada no interior do movimento de Reforma Católica Ultramontana entre os anos de 1890 e 1958 na cidade de Juiz de Fora, estado de Minas Gerais. Nesse sentido, são investigados os contatos entre os diferentes tipos de práticas religiosas no interior do catolicismo e à margem do mesmo. Pretende-se assim esboçar uma nova visão sobre o movimento da reforma católica na cidade, enfatizando seu caráter heterogêneo, aspecto pouco considerado em outros trabalhos sobre o tema. De um modo geral, a dissertação pretende contribuir para a renovação dos trabalhos sobre a Reforma Católica Ultramontana, na tentativa de apreender o movimento não somente pelo aspecto clerical, institucional e prescrito, mas também privilegiando a experiência dos fiéis enquanto atores que vivenciaram a mesma a partir dos significados de sua própria religiosidade. / This paper examines the relations between prescribed and practiced religion inside the ultramontane catholic reformation movement between the years of 1890 and 1958 in the city of Juiz de Fora, state of Minas Gerais. Accordingly, are investigated the contacts between the different types of religious practices inside the Catholicism and the margin of the same. The idea is to outline a new vision about the Catholic Reform Movement in the city, emphasizing its heterogeneity, a little considered aspect in other works about this theme. Generally, the dissertation intend to contribute to the renewal of the works about the Ultramontane Catholic Reformation, in an attempt to apprehend the movement not only by the clerical, institutional and prescribed aspects, but also highlighting the experience of the faithful while actors who experienced the same from the meanings of their own religiousness.

The purpose with the study was to investigate some of the factors thatmight contribute to the development of exercise dependence. This byinvestigating if self-esteem works as a mediator in the relationshipbetween perfectionism and exercise dependence. We conducted anonline survey among regular exercisers in Sweden (N = 177). Themediating analysis showed that self-esteem partially explained theassociation between perfectionism and exercise dependence. That is,self-esteem can help clarify the nature of the relationship. In conclusion,this study reveals that it is important to further investigate theunderlying psychological mechanisms to why some people are exercise dependent. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka några faktorer som kan bidratill utvecklandet av träningsberoende. Detta genom att undersöka omsjälvkänsla fungerar som en mediator i förhållandet mellanperfektionism och träningsberoende. Vi utförde en enkät online påmänniskor som tränar regelbundet i Sverige (N = 177). Den medierandeanalysen visade att självkänsla delvis förklarade associationen mellanperfektionism och träningsberoende. Alltså, självkänsla kan hjälpa attklargöra relationen mellan perfektionism och träningsberoende.Sammanfattningsvis har denna studie visat att det är viktigt att vidareundersöka de underliggande psykologiska mekanismerna till varför vissa människor är träningsberoende.

No description available.

Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a costly noxious weed to manage in the Northern Great Plains; it invades rangelands and displaces native and desirable vegetation. Our first objective was to test the recommended full rate and half rate of selected herbicides applied in September following a spring burn on a leafy spurge invaded plant community. Our second objective was to determine if raffinate (desugared beet molasses) applied to leafy spurge invaded rangeland would attract cattle to consume leafy spurge. The aminocyclopyrachlor with chlorosulfuron treatment had the best leafy spurge control at the full rate, with stem density reductions of 95 percent for both sites nine and twelve months after treatment. The salt block treatment had the best success at reducing leafy spurge stem density. Herbicides can be the most common and effective type of management; however, manipulating livestock to graze noxious weeds converts a weed into a useable forage.

Tätortsnära naturreservat med vandringsleder och stigar bidrar till mycket mänsklig aktivitet. Denna aktivitet kan mynna ut i skogsbränder och naturvårdsbränningar som påverkar mark, träd och annan vegetation och bidrar tillhögre naturvärden och gynnar de få arter som är beroende av brand. Syftet med studien var att inventera brandfält i naturreservat som uppkommit spontant eller av antropogena aktiviteter. Studien innefattade att utvärdera hur träden reagerat på brand och om branden lett till en förändrad biologisk mångfald.Tolv talldominerade brandfält i fyra naturreservat inventerades. Ett brandfält är efter en kontrollerad naturvårdsbränning medan orsaken till de andra är okända. Resultaten visar på lågt antal skadade och stående döda träd samt en låg andel föryngring i flera brandfält. Dessa bränder påverkar biodiversiteten genom att de har gett en förändrad struktur och livsmiljö i jämförelse med obrända miljöer.