The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of social workers in the prevention of juvenile crime. The theoretical framework guiding the study consisted of resilience, risk and prevention factors as well as preventions levels of preventive social work. These concepts were applied to analyze the empirical data. Qualitative group interviews were conducted with social workers from three different counties. Results showed that preventative social work is both complex and challenging. Futhermore it requires collaborations between various actors from different sectors of society. Identifying children at risk as well as the establishment of early contact by social services is imperative for the interventions to work effectively. The allocation of social service resources as well as earlier onset of criminality among minors prove to be future challenges in the field. Social workers preventative work was done primarily on an “indicated and selected level”. Risk and prevention factors identified in the study were found primarily in the local community, within the family as well as the interrelationship among peer groups. / Studien syftade till att undersöka fältassistenters erfarenheter av att arbeta förebyggande med barn och unga upp till 18 år som riskerar att hamna i kriminalitet. Studiens teoretiska ram bestod av resiliens, risk- och skyddsfaktorer samt de olika preventionsnivåer för socialt förebyggande arbete, dessa begrepp tillämpades för att analysera det empiriska materialet. Tre kvalitativa gruppintervjuer genomfördes med fältassistenter från tre olika kommuner. Resultatet visade att det förebyggande arbetet är komplext och utmanande, bedrivs i nära samverkan med aktörer från olika delar av samhället. Identifiering av barn och unga som riskerar att hamna i kriminalitet likväl som etablering av kontakt i ett tidigt skede framkom som en förutsättning för att insatserna ska fungera förebyggande. Politiska beslut gällande resursfördelning för fältverksamhet och att allt yngre barn debuterar i kriminalitet är framtida utmaningar.Respondenterna beskrev att deras förebyggande arbete framförallt sker på indikerad och selektiv nivå. Dem risk- och skyddsfaktorer de identifierar i sitt arbete visade sig framförallt ligga på närsamhället, inom familjen och kamratgrupper.

Introduktion: Alkoholkonsumtion har stor hälsopåverkan på världens befolkning, regelbundet intag av alkoholhaltiga produkter ökar risken för både sjukdom och skada. Utgifterna år 2017 i Sverige relaterade till alkoholkonsumtion var cirka 103 miljarder svenska kronor. Arbetsplatsen är arenan där vuxna befolkningen kan nås av hälsofrämjande åtgärder. Syfte: Identifiera tänkbara preventiva åtgärder för arbetsgivare gällande riskbruk av alkohol hos medarbetare. Metod: Strukturerad litteraturstudie där sökning organiserades i sökblock. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades utifrån mallen för systematisk textkondensering. Utifrån analysen kodades och kategoriserades artiklarna. Resultat: Nio artiklar valdes och inkluderades i resultatet. Utifrån analysen fanns tre huvudkategorier: psykologiska faktorer, screening och hälsobeteende. Screening hade underkategorin preventiva åtgärder efter screening. Screening i kombination med att förebygga negativa psykologiska faktorer minskade alkoholintaget hos medarbetarna. Psykologiska faktorer var hörnstenen i alkoholkonsumtionen hos medarbetarna, viktigaste psykologiska faktorn var att skapa en känsla av psykologisk trygghet hos medarbetarna. Hälsobeteenden innebar att bryta vanor och erbjuda gruppdiskussioner för medarbetarna där information om hälsorisker förmedlades. Slutsats: För att kunna arbeta preventivt bör arbetsgivarna kombinera flertal preventiva åtgärder för bästa utfall. Inkludering av informationskommunikation kring hälsorisker vid riskkonsumtion av alkohol bör ske kontinuerligt. Screening bör genomföras för att i ett tidigt stadie fånga upp medarbetare som har ett riskbruk av alkohol. Individuellt anpassade preventiva åtgärder bör ske för de individerna med riskbruk av alkohol. Det är viktigt att arbetsgivaren tar hänsyn till de psykologiska faktorerna som kan spela en avgörande roll i det preventiva arbetet. / Introduction: Alcohol consumption has a significant impact on the health of the global population, with regular alcohol intake increasing the risk of both illness and injury. In 2017, expenditures related to alcohol consumption in Sweden amounted to 103 billion Swedish kronor. The workplace serves as a crucial arena for implementing health-promoting measures. Objective: To identify potential preventive measures for employers regarding alcohol misuse among employees. Method: A structured literature review with searches organized into searchblock. All articles were quality-reviewed and then analyzed using the systematic textcondensation method. The articles were coded and categorized based on the analysis. Results: Nine articles were selected and included in the results. Three main categories emerge from the analysis: psychological factors, screening, and health behaviour. There was a subcategory: preventive measures following screening. Screening, combined with addressing negative psychological factors, reduced alcohol intake among participating employees. Psychological factors were foundational in employee alcohol consumption, with the key psychological factor being the ability to create a sense of psychological safety among employees. Health behaviours involved breaking habits and offering group discussions for employees, providing informationon health risks. Conclusion: To work preventively, employers should combine multiplepreventive measures for optimal outcomes. Continuous communication of information on health risks related to alcohol misuse is essential. Screening should be conducted to identify employees with alcohol misuse at an early stage. Individually tailored preventive measures should be implemented for those with alcohol misuse. Employers should also consider psychological factors, which play a crucial role in preventive efforts.

Partnerships within crime prevention have been considered an efficient approach in reducing crime rates. However, there is not enough information on how the partnerships are structured. This study aims to research what different partnerships are used in crime preventative work, who are involved and the main targets of intervention. The purpose of the study is also to draw conclusions of which motivations are behind the implementation and how the term ‘partnership’ is generally conceptualized. This will be examined through a scoping review followed by an analysis of the identified variables connected to the research questions. The findings of the study show that there are a large variety of working in partnership with various actors, but mainly the Police and Local authorities. The community and non-governmental organizations also contribute to the preventative work, creating school-based and community-based strategies to reduce crime. Based on the results it is noticed that the common targets of partnership approaches are focused on either social or situational prevention. There is a wide range of crimes, such as violent crime, drug-related crimes or social and/or physical disorder. The partnerships’ focus is directed towards either the individual or the overall community. The results indicate that the topic of ‘partnership’ definition or its conceptualization are not often mentioned, instead motivations for the implementation of partnerships are more prominent. By working in partnerships, it will contribute to a stronger tie between communities and actors. And with the correct methods applied, such as better information- sharing and regular meetings, the efficiency of partnerships will fortify.

Accounting for nearly 19% of the United States population in 2020, Latinos and Hispanics represent the second largest racial/ethnic group in the United States, totaling roughly 62.1 million people. Given the growing population size and longer life expectancy estimates amongst the U.S. Latino/Hispanic community, healthcare practitioners and public health officials are increasingly emphasizing the healthcare needs and outcomes of this population. Alarmingly, current literature has highlighted significant disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and risk factors among U.S. Latinos/Hispanics. As CVD continues to be one of the leading causes of death amongst all racial/ethnic groups across the United States, risk reduction through preventative care utilization remains of utmost importance for mitigating potential risk factors and eventual diagnosis of CVD. The purpose of the study was to quantify healthcare engagement through preventive care utilization for cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors among U.S. Latino/Hispanics. This research study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the 2017- March 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of CVD/risk factor history, and preventive service utilization for CVD were collected from a sample of N=2122 adult Latino/Hispanic participants, representing 40,412,679 U.S. Latinos/Hispanics. All 9 demographic variables were found to have significant associations with the 7 preventive service use variables (p<.001-.016). Similarly, most of the 11 variables related to knowledge of CVD history were found to have significant associations with the 7 preventive service use variables (p<.001). No significant associations were found between knowledge of high blood pressure history with medication use, and knowledge of diabetes history with A1C testing use. Findings from this study reveal various disparities in CVD preventive care utilization amongst the study participants. Limitations of this study included lack of disaggregated ethnic data, possible bias in self-reported data, and missing responses. Results from this study can be utilized to inform clinicians and public health officials in establishing personalized preventive care interventions and increasing community engagement with cardiovascular preventive care services.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of defensive driving as a preventative strategy for road traffic violations and collisions in Zimbabwe. A sample of one hundred defensive driving graduates was used in the study. The descriptive survey method was used and data were collected using a questionnaire schedule. Literature review revealed that the majority of similar s udies by other researchers indicate that defensive driving is effective in preventing traffic violations and traffic collisions. The major findings of the present study showed that: (a) The defensive driving course is effective in preventing traffic violations and collisions; and (b) The defensive driving course should be compulsory in Zimbabwe. In view of these findings, this researcher urges the Traffic Safety Council of Zimbabwe to request the government to make legislation that compels every motorist to attend the defensive driving course. The same organisation should start conducting research on road traffic accidents. / Criminology / MA (Criminology)

The study investigated the extent of burnout condition among counsellors in Kenya. The sources of burnout were explored and personality style was positively correlated with burnout development. Impact of burnout on counsellor wellness and productivity was also established. It examined whether counsellor supervision was an appropriate strategy in the management of counsellor burnout. The study utilized a pluralistic design that combined both qualitative and quantitative methods (Howard, 1983). The qualitative design permitted collection of rich data from study subjects' experiential and perceptual fields. This ensured study findings would be relevant and applicable to specific counsellor situations. The study population comprised 20 counsellors and 9 Kenya Counselling Association (KCA) accredited counsellor supervisors. The counsellor sample was drawn from 2 Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) centres, 2 rehabilitation centres and 2 educational institutions. This diverse population was a helpful representation in terms of generalizability of the study. Three data collection instruments utilized were: Questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. The study's validity and reliability were ensured through the two sample populations (counsellor and counsellor supervisors), test re-test and pre-test procedures for questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Tallying identified items checked content validity. The study findings showed that burnout seriously affected practitioner effectiveness and led to malpractice and client harm. The study predictably established that supervision is an appropriate strategy in the management of counsellor burnout. The metaphor of motor vehicle maintenance was utilized in the development of the Holistic Burnout Supervision Model (HBSM) that focussed on wellness maintenance of the counsellor in a lifecycle. HBSM identified two levels in wellness maintenance: Preventative (servicing) and curative (repair). The study recommended that counselor - training institutions should incorporate in their curriculum burnout and supervision modules. This would create awareness about burnout and appropriate prevention strategies at counsellor formation stages. People care agencies should also institutionalize the burnout supervision facility in order to ensure counsellor resiliency and vitality. / Psychology / D. Phil (Psychology)

Thesis (DPhil (Psychology))—University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / This study has two purposes which are complementary: Firstly, an alternative prevention intervention was developed in order to introduce narrative group therapy as a therapeutical practice within preventative interventions in South Africa. Secondly, a training protocol was developed which can be used to train psychologists, counsellors, social workers, teachers and relevant persons to apply narrative group therapy as an alternative preventative intervention in their communities. In the context of this study, the personal stories of the adolescents who took part in this study reflect the problem stories of the Jamestown and Cloetesville community near Stellenbosch. After identifying 20 adolescents who experience problem stories with high-risk themes at two secondary schools in the respective communities, ten narrative group sessions were held, with social constructionism as philosophical approach. The training protocol was primarily of an experiential nature, consisting of 40 hours of training and 12 hours of supervision, with special focus on the personal stories of the four master’s degree psychology students who underwent training and facilitated the group therapy with the adolescents. For the purpose of this study qualitative research was done. During the development of the alternative preventative intervention, a qualitative description was given of the content of the personal stories of the adolescents within the interactional space of narrative group therapy and personal stories. The focus during this qualitative description was the following: • to establish whether the therapeutic process facilitated change, • to develop a new understanding of the therapeutic process by specifically focusing on applying narrative therapy in a group, and • to train and empower narrative-group-therapy facilitators to facilitate the narrative- group-therapy process. In this study two narrative-analytical research methods were used. Firstly, a qualitative narrative-analysis method was used to evaluate the psychotherapeutical transcripts. A part of these sessions was dedicated to this purpose and is presented in transcribed format. Secondly, the content-analysis method was applied: session data was examined, categories of the adolescents’ and students’ narratives were defined and thematic statements were extracted from the text, classified and sorted into categories or groups. This study provides supportive evidence that narrative group therapy as an alternative preventative intervention can be introduced as a therapeutic practice in South Africa. In addition, an effective training protocol was developed which can be used to train psychologists, counsellors, social workers, teachers and other relevant individuals to use narrative group therapy as an alternative preventative intervention in their communities.

Parmi les risques naturels, le risque d’inondation est le plus fréquent et le plus dommageable en France avec près de 50 % des communes exposées. Dans le département du Haut-Rhin, c’est 80 % des communes qui sont concernées. L’absence d’étude historique approfondie sur les inondations en Alsace et plus particulièrement sur celles de la Lauch, théâtre des derniers grands évènements, a constitué la principale motivation quant au choix de ce sujet. A défaut de pouvoir éradiquer ce risque, l’Homme a, au cours de l’histoire, engagé des actions palliatives pour s’en prémunir. De quelle manière et dans quelle mesure, les évènements historiques ont-ils été pris en considération dans les politiques de gestion et de prévention du risque d’inondation mises en place dans la vallée de la Lauch, durant plus de deux siècles ? Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous avons eu recours à une approche diachronique, avec pour point de départ l’évènement funeste de février 1990, et adopté une démarche interdisciplinaire. S’appuyant sur un important corpus de sources, cette thèse met en perspective l’évolution de la gestion des inondations sur la période considérée en fonction des évènements hydrologiques restitués via une méthode régressive, des enjeux, des contextes politiques très contrastés, et des acteurs, tant au plan local, national, qu’européen. S’inscrivant dans une logique de démarche appliquée, cette étude a pour ambition d’améliorer l’information sur les phénomènes et de constituer un « socle de connaissances scientifiques » pour une meilleure maîtrise du risque. Ainsi, il paraît fondamental de connaître l’aléa afin de pouvoir l’anticiper, s’en prémunir et mieux le gérer. / Among the natural hazards, the flood risk is the most frequent and the most harmful in France with about 50 % of the municipalities exposed. In the Haut-Rhin department, 80 % of the municipalities are concerned. We have chosen this subject because no historic study exists about floods in Alsace and especially about the Lauch valley, where the last big events have taken place. In front of the impossibility to eradicate the risk, the Man committed palliative actions to protect himself through history. How have the historic events been taken into consideration in policies of management and prevention of the flood risk in the Lauch valley for more than two centuries ? To answer this question, we have used a diachronic approach which begins with the disastrous event of February 1990, and adopted an interdisciplinary method. Based on an important corpus of sources, this thesis puts in perspective the evolution of the management of the floods over the period considered according to the hydrological events restored via a regressive method, the stakes, the very contrasted political contexts and the actors, over the local, national and European plans. This thesis is part of a logic of applied reasoning and has for ambition to improve the information about the phenomena and to constitute a "basis of scientific knowledge" for a better control of the risk. This way, it seems fundamental to know flood hazard to be able to anticipate it, to manage it better and to protect ourselves.

<p>The purpose of the study was to increase the understanding of, and extend the knowledge about realization of mediations and its consequences on family law divisions and family centres. Within this area, organisational, methodical, relational and social preventative aspects of mediations were illustrated. This scope was judged to be of major importance, as recent studies show that children often suffer psychologically due to parents’ lack of cooperation. Mediations are considered as a way of getting parents to agree. To fulfil the purpose, six qualitative interviews were conducted, three on each function. A multidimensional tool for interpretation was used, containing organization analysis, social constructionist theories, system theories with focus on roles, and a cognitive perspective. Several important circumstances concerning mediations could be identified, like the importance of flexibility and voluntariness, focus on the children, combination of mediations and complimentary parental support and also the importance of meeting families on an early stage. The results showed that mediations are a preventative way of working with families with children, and that family centres are considered to have greater possibilities of designing mediations according to the above-mentioned circumstances. Furthermore it was showed that mediations are a functional way of recreating the characteristic of the nuclear family triad mother-father-child.</p>

The purpose of the study was to increase the understanding of, and extend the knowledge about realization of mediations and its consequences on family law divisions and family centres. Within this area, organisational, methodical, relational and social preventative aspects of mediations were illustrated. This scope was judged to be of major importance, as recent studies show that children often suffer psychologically due to parents’ lack of cooperation. Mediations are considered as a way of getting parents to agree. To fulfil the purpose, six qualitative interviews were conducted, three on each function. A multidimensional tool for interpretation was used, containing organization analysis, social constructionist theories, system theories with focus on roles, and a cognitive perspective. Several important circumstances concerning mediations could be identified, like the importance of flexibility and voluntariness, focus on the children, combination of mediations and complimentary parental support and also the importance of meeting families on an early stage. The results showed that mediations are a preventative way of working with families with children, and that family centres are considered to have greater possibilities of designing mediations according to the above-mentioned circumstances. Furthermore it was showed that mediations are a functional way of recreating the characteristic of the nuclear family triad mother-father-child.