The work contained in this thesis explores the economic issues of screening women, and the subsequent use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), for the prevention of osteoporosis. The thesis is divided into five sections. In the first section the background to the problem is described as are the relevant economic evaluation techniques. In addition, the relevant economic literature is reviewed. The second section of the thesis, contains the results of research aimed at estimating the costs of population screening followed by treating the women at highest risk. The three chapters in this section address the following issues: estimating total screening costs; developing an economic definition of at risk status; and describing the HRT compliance rate after screening and its associated costs. In the third section the consequences of screening are examined. Hence, the osteoporosis risk profile of non attenders is described and the effects of HRT on women's quality of life is explored. Finally, this section is completed with a study looking at the predictive value of bone density screening. The fourth section is a synthesis of all the costs and consequences described in the preceding sections with relevant additional information from the literature. This section shows that screening perimenopausal women will be very expensive in terms of cost per quality adjusted life years (QALY) gained. In contrast, screening women and treating them when they are aged 70 appears to generate a relatively low cost per QALY. The final, fifth section, of the thesis describes outstanding research issues which need to be addressed before any screening programme is implemented.

The diploma thesis deals with the application of the risk analysis method for environmental impact assessment of a business entity. In the introduction of the theoretical part, an environmental review is carried out, focusing on the approach of the Slovak Republic, followed by theoretical background on environmental management, and in the end of the first part there is a survey of risk identification methods. The analytical part presents the system of environmental management in the company. After evaluating the current state, the thesis proposes its own proposals as preventive measures, which contribute to more effective management of environmental pollution risk.

Identify and answer the commonly asked questions by families prior to international travel Recognize and list the vaccines that are required and recommended against preventable infections in the pediatric international traveler Discuss preventive measures useful against insect borne diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Discuss the epidemiology, presentation and treatment of Traveler’s diarrhea

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Utmanande beteende kan ofta innebära aktivitetsinskränkningar för individer som lider av beteendet men även för omgivningen. Detta innebär färre möjligheter till aktivitet och delaktighet och riskerar att gå ut över livskvalitén. Idag saknas ett fokus för att utveckla arbetsterapeutiska metoder inom området och forskningen som finns är begränsad. Syftet med examensarbetet var att visa vilka arbetsterapeutiska metoder som beskrivs i litteraturen för att minska utmanande beteende. Studiedesignen som användes var scoping review. Databaserna som användes var AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE och PsycINFO. Inklusionskriterier för artiklarna var att de var tillgängliga i fulltext, skrivna på engelska och publicerade mellan 2003 och 2018. Sökning resulterade i 124 träffar varav 13 var dubbletter. Resultatet inkluderade 20 artiklar som motsvarade syftet varav 13 var publicerade i USA. Resultatet visade en stor bredd av metoder som delades in i fyra nyckelområden: aktivitetsbaserade metoder, miljöbaserade metoder, sensoriska metoder samt stöd och strategier. Detta är ett relativt outforskat område där det finns stora möjligheter för arbetsterapeuter att bidra med sin kompetens. / Challenging behaviour often results in occupational limitations for the individual that suffer from the behaviour, but also for their surroundings. This entails reduced possibilities to activity and participation which will affect their quality of life. There is a lack of focus on developing occupational therapeutic methods within this area today, also the current research within the field is limited. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to explore occupational therapeutic methods described in the literature to reduce challenging behaviour. Scoping review was used as study design. In AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Psycinfo were 124 articles found, 13 of these were doublets. The result included 20 articles corresponding to the aim, 13 of these were published in USA. and 20 articles which corresponded to the aim was included in the results. All included articles were available in full text, written in english and published between 2003- 2018. A wide range of methods were shown in the results. These were categorized into four key issues: activity based methods, environmental methods, sensory methods and support and strategies. This field is relatively unexplored and there are large possibilities for occupational therapists to contribute with competence.

The author of the diploma thesis deals with the application of methods and risk analysis to assess the environmental impact of the business entity. Firstly, this thesis incudes theoretical background information about case study, which is also support for applying methods and analyzing the necessary areas. The goal of this work is to find solutions and propose preventative measures to be used by enterprise in order to reduce environmental impact.

Syfte: Som pedagog använder man sig ständigt av olika strategier i sin undervisning för att nå de mål som är uppsatta för verksamheten. Den här uppsatsen syftar till att ta reda på hur pedagoger som använder sig av massage i skolan resonerar kring massage och vilka strategier de tillämpar.     Metod: En kvalitativ metod i form av en intervjustudie användes för att få fram resultatet, en studie i vilken tre yrkesverksamma lärare medverkade. Informationen från intervjuerna lades sedan in i mjukvaran Complador som är uppbyggt enligt Trenätsteorin, och ett strateginät skapades. En observation genomfördes även för att ge en inblick i hur ett massagetillfälle i skolan kan se ut.   Resultat: Resultatet av undersökningen visar att de intervjuade pedagogerna har liknande strategier för sitt användande av massage som en del av undervisningen. De menar att massagen skapar lugn och arbetsro i klassrummet, förebygger utanförskap och hämningar mellan eleverna, samt att det ökar känslan av gemenskap.

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The author of the diploma thesis deals with application of methods for risks and opportunity identification and risk analysis to assess the project of implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility to the organization. Firstly, the thesis includes theoretical background about corporate social responsibility and risks management. The theoretical background serves as a support for applying methods and analyzing the necessary areas. The goal of this work is to find solutions and propose preventative measures to be used by the evaluated organization.

Introduktion: Alkoholkonsumtion har stor hälsopåverkan på världens befolkning, regelbundet intag av alkoholhaltiga produkter ökar risken för både sjukdom och skada. Utgifterna år 2017 i Sverige relaterade till alkoholkonsumtion var cirka 103 miljarder svenska kronor. Arbetsplatsen är arenan där vuxna befolkningen kan nås av hälsofrämjande åtgärder. Syfte: Identifiera tänkbara preventiva åtgärder för arbetsgivare gällande riskbruk av alkohol hos medarbetare. Metod: Strukturerad litteraturstudie där sökning organiserades i sökblock. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades utifrån mallen för systematisk textkondensering. Utifrån analysen kodades och kategoriserades artiklarna. Resultat: Nio artiklar valdes och inkluderades i resultatet. Utifrån analysen fanns tre huvudkategorier: psykologiska faktorer, screening och hälsobeteende. Screening hade underkategorin preventiva åtgärder efter screening. Screening i kombination med att förebygga negativa psykologiska faktorer minskade alkoholintaget hos medarbetarna. Psykologiska faktorer var hörnstenen i alkoholkonsumtionen hos medarbetarna, viktigaste psykologiska faktorn var att skapa en känsla av psykologisk trygghet hos medarbetarna. Hälsobeteenden innebar att bryta vanor och erbjuda gruppdiskussioner för medarbetarna där information om hälsorisker förmedlades. Slutsats: För att kunna arbeta preventivt bör arbetsgivarna kombinera flertal preventiva åtgärder för bästa utfall. Inkludering av informationskommunikation kring hälsorisker vid riskkonsumtion av alkohol bör ske kontinuerligt. Screening bör genomföras för att i ett tidigt stadie fånga upp medarbetare som har ett riskbruk av alkohol. Individuellt anpassade preventiva åtgärder bör ske för de individerna med riskbruk av alkohol. Det är viktigt att arbetsgivaren tar hänsyn till de psykologiska faktorerna som kan spela en avgörande roll i det preventiva arbetet. / Introduction: Alcohol consumption has a significant impact on the health of the global population, with regular alcohol intake increasing the risk of both illness and injury. In 2017, expenditures related to alcohol consumption in Sweden amounted to 103 billion Swedish kronor. The workplace serves as a crucial arena for implementing health-promoting measures. Objective: To identify potential preventive measures for employers regarding alcohol misuse among employees. Method: A structured literature review with searches organized into searchblock. All articles were quality-reviewed and then analyzed using the systematic textcondensation method. The articles were coded and categorized based on the analysis. Results: Nine articles were selected and included in the results. Three main categories emerge from the analysis: psychological factors, screening, and health behaviour. There was a subcategory: preventive measures following screening. Screening, combined with addressing negative psychological factors, reduced alcohol intake among participating employees. Psychological factors were foundational in employee alcohol consumption, with the key psychological factor being the ability to create a sense of psychological safety among employees. Health behaviours involved breaking habits and offering group discussions for employees, providing informationon health risks. Conclusion: To work preventively, employers should combine multiplepreventive measures for optimal outcomes. Continuous communication of information on health risks related to alcohol misuse is essential. Screening should be conducted to identify employees with alcohol misuse at an early stage. Individually tailored preventive measures should be implemented for those with alcohol misuse. Employers should also consider psychological factors, which play a crucial role in preventive efforts.