The purpose of the study was to do a task analysis.of PHC nurse practice by identifying the skills required by nurses working at the primary health care clinic in order to plan staff development programmes. The objectives were: to compile ; an extensive list of possible tasks; engage Primary Health Care Nurses in identifying the frequency of tasks executed; and engage Primary Health Care Nurses in determining how important are the tasks in their practice. This was a descriptive survey. A mail survey was used to collect data. Two stratified random samples of nurses were drawn from the sample frame of Uthukela Health District. The sample consisted of 84 Primary Health Care Nurses; 59 registered nurses, 17 enrolled nurses, and 8 enrolled nursing auxiliaries. The questionnaire was developed based on PHC core package, other literature and services provided at PHC clinics. It had three sections; section one and dealt with demographic data, section two consisted of the list of activities that describe the nursing practice and the respondents had to indicate the frequency of performing the activity and importance of the activity and section three dealt with the activities that the respondent perform but were not included in the list provided. The response from mailed questionnaires was 72%. The results show that . I eleven items were rated very frequent by 70% of the nurses, forty-four items rated frequent by more than 50% of the nurses. Twenty-seven tasks were rated as important by 50% or more of the nurses. In frequency and importance, nineteen items score above 1 standard deviation on this index. In the clinical tasks, promotive and preventive service predominated. A high percentage of these tasks were done very frequently and were seen as important. / Thesis (M.Cur.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.

ABSTRACT Problems with high turnover in nursing has escalated during the last years both nationally and internationally. according to previous research job satisfaction and quality of care was connected to specific features of the hospital work environement. It was also recommended by Coomber & Barriball (2007) to analyze job satisfaction at ward level with qualitative interviews to get a deeper and more extended insight in which specific features are of importance. The aim of this study was to investigate and describe the experiance of job satisfaction in relation to quality of care from nurses perspective. This study was carried out at an orthopaedic ward with primary nursing as organizational context of care. Two focus group interviews were conducted, they comprised nine nurses with at least two years experiance of primary nursing. A qualitative content analysis with inductive approach was used in order to develop more detailed insights of potential factors influencing work satisfaction at ward level. Two themes were identified. Theme (1).Factors of importance in the hospital work environement that affect job satisfaction and quality of care. This theme included three subcategories; hindrances and support from the organization, and support from the organizations underlying context of care. Theme (2): Positive feedback from the patients enhances job satisfaction. This theme included how the nurses perceive the concept quality of care and to deliver high quality care. This study indicated that nurses ability of deliverence of high quality care is regulated by the guidelines of the organization, the organizational context of care and how well different specific features consociate. The nurses expressed that they experienced job satisfaction when they had influence over the process of care delivery and also when the patients gave positive feedback on their job performance. / SAMMANFATTNING Problem med hög personalomsättning och sjuksköterskebrist har de senaste åren eskalerat både nationellt och internationellt. Enligt tidigare forskning är arbetstillfredsställelse samt vårdkvalitet  kopplat till specifika kännetecken i vårdmiljön. Enligt Coomber & Barriball (2007) finns det ett starkt behov av att analysera arbetstillfredsställelse hos sjuksköterskor på avdelningsnivå via kvalitativa intervjuer för att få detaljerade insikter i vilka komponenter som är av betydelse. Föreliggande studie syftar till att undersöka och beskriva upplevelsen av arbetstillfredsställelse relaterat till vårdkvalitet ur ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv. Denna studie utfördes på en ortopedavdelning med korttidsvård och helhetsansvar för omvårdnad som organisationsmodell. Nio sjuksköterskor deltog i två fokusgruppsintervjuer. Samtliga hade minst två års erfarenhet av att arbeta med helhetsansvar för omvårdnad. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats för att få detaljerade insikter i vilka komponenter som hade betydelse för arbetstillfredsställelsen utfördes. Två teman utkristalliserades. Tema(1):  Faktorer i vårdmiljön som påverkar arbetstillfredsställelse och vårdkvalitet. Detta tema inbegriper stöd respektive hinder från organisationen, samt stöd från aktuell organisationsmodell. Tema (2): Positiv återkoppling från patienterna bidrar till arbetstillfredsställelse. Detta tema inbegriper hur sjuksköterskorna ser på innebörden i begreppet vårdkvalitet och att ge vård av god kvalitet. I studien framkom att sjuksköterskornas möjligheter att ge vård av god kvalitet styrs av verksamhetens riktlinjer, vårdmiljöns infrastruktur och hur väl dessa delkomponenter samverkar. Sjuksköterskorna gav uttryck för att de upplevde arbetstillfredsställelse när de hade inflytande över omvårdnadsprocessen samt även när patienterna gav positiv återkoppling på resultatet av arbetet.

No / This paper is ed from an action research project on promoting family-centred care in Nigeria through the practice of Nigerian Primary Nursing (NMPN). This article will present results of comparative evaluation of the impact of primary nursing on the quality of care received by patients in a 37-bedded acute medical-surgical, mixed sex ward in a specialist hospital in eastern Nigeria. A total of 44 nurses' interactions with 10 patients in the pre-NMPN period and 58 nurses' interactions with eight patients in the post-NMPN period were assessed using QUALPACS (Quality Patient Care Scale.). Results showed a significant improvement in the quality of nursing care with primary nursing practice. The greatest improvement in quality of nursing appeared to be in the elements that address the individual needs of the patient, while the smallest improvements were in the area of physical care--elements of routine, technical nursing care. Implications of the study and recommendations for further studies are made.

Prior to 1994, the South African Health Department was characterised by a fragmented health care system, which was largely curative and hospital based, with services planned and managed without community involvement and participation. The government, through the establishment of a district health system, integrated the health services with the aim of overcoming the fragmentation, and providing integrated comprehensive health care services that are equitable, accessible, efficient and effective. The integration of health services in Gauteng, meant the devolution of primary health care services from the provincial health department to the local authority health department, because the local authority services are nearer and accountable to the community. The process of integration of health services also meant the closing down of provincial clinics and transferring of provincial authority nurses to the local authority clinics. The transfer process impacted negatively on staff morale and on the resources available for health care delivery to the communities. It is against this background that the researcher decided to investigate the integration process. The researcher then conducted focus group interviews with the local authority nurses, provincial authority nurses and the district management team as these nurses's immediate supervisors. The results revealed that the local and provincial authority nurses were integrated without proper consultation and as a result integration was rejected. The following themes emerged from the results as negative perceptions and obstacles towards integration: lack of consultation, disparities in conditions of service and resistance to change. Positive perceptions also emerged from the results as strategies to improve the integration, and these strategies were used to develop guidelines to operationalise the model. It is envisaged that the proposed model will serve as a theoretical framework for nurse managers from both spheres of government, local and provincial to improve the integration of nurses through proper consultation, and involvement of nurses in the process affecting them. It is further envisaged that the model will serve as guideline to introduce changes within the district health system with more understanding and acceptance by nurses affected. Health care managers will find the model useful to overcome disparities in conditions of service among nurses and, in turn this may boost the moral of nurses and lead to successful integration of provincial and local authority nurses. / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil (Health Studies)

Tesi doctoral, Universitat de Barcelona. Escola Universitària d'Infermeria, 2010 / La ausencia de conciliación entre el trabajo y la familia puede desencadenar un conflicto entre roles, pudiendo afectar al bienestar, la salud individual, el rendimiento y la satisfacción laboral de las enfermeras de Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) Greenhaus y otros autores, definen el conflicto entre el trabajo y la familia, como: “la interferencia que se produce, entre las demandas derivadas de la asunción del rol familiar y laboral, en el cual uno de los roles domina sobre el otro, y hace que estos, sean mutuamente incompatibles en algunos aspectos”. El objetivo general de la presente Tesis es determinar la influencia que la Conciliación de la Vida Personal y Laboral (CVPL) puede tener en la Satisfacción en el Trabajo (ST), en los profesionales de enfermería de APS. Los objetivos específicos son: - Describir las características sociodemográficas de la muestra - Analizar las características psicométricas del cuestionario para medir la CVPL y la ST. - Estudiar las relaciones entre CVPL y ST. - Establecer un modelo, que permita predecir el nivel de ST de los profesionales de enfermería, a partir de la CVPL. Por su parte, las hipótesis planteadas serían las siguientes: 1. Ajuste del modelo a los datos obtenidos de la muestra de enfermeras de APS. 2. A mayor interacción negativa trabajo-familia y familia-trabajo, le corresponden niveles bajos de ST; y a mayor interacción positiva trabajo-familia y viceversa, le corresponden niveles altos de ST, en las enfermeras de APS. 3. Se espera encontrar que la CVPL, tenga una influencia positiva y significativa sobre la ST en las enfermeras. La metodología empleada ha sido un estudio analítico y transversal. La muestra escogida es de 276 enfermeras de APS, mientras que el muestreo ha sido no probabilístico de conveniencia. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: enfermeras de APS que trabajan en Atención Primaria, mientras que los criterios de exclusión escogidos fueron enfermeras con menos de un año de contrato laboral y en periodo de prácticas. Se utilizó el cuestionario “SWING” para medir la CVPL (20 ítems). Y el cuestionario “Font Roja” para medir la ST (23 ítems). Escala tipo Likert de 1 a 5 en ambos cuestionarios. Variables Sociodemográficas (10 ítems) Preguntas abiertas. El Análisis de los datos se ha realizado con el programa estadístico SPSS versión 17.0. Se emplearon diversos índices de tendencia central y dispersión para ítems, así como análisis factorial confirmatorio y métodos de componentes principales, rotación Varimax, Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson y Modelo de Regresión múltiple Los resultados obtenidos fueron los siguientes: El 87,3%, son enfermeras de género femenino y el 12,7% masculino. La media de edad es de 42,76 años y los años de experiencia laboral es de 13,5. El 64,9% tienen contrato fijo, el 21% de interinidad, el 13% de suplente y el resto otros. El 46,8% horario deslizante, el 27,9% mañana, 21% tarde y resto otros. Dan mayor importancia a las influencias positivas que la familia puede tener en el trabajo, con un valor de 3,47 sobre 5. La media de ST global es de 3,91 sobre 5. La fiabilidad del cuestionario “SWING” es de 0,821 y del cuestionario “Font Roja”, es de 0,84. Las conclusiones serían: 1: Las enfermeras dan mayor importancia a las influencias positivas, que aspectos de la vida familiar y laboral, pueden tener en la CVPL. 2: En general, las enfermeras se sienten muy satisfechas con su profesión y se consideran muy capacitadas para el desarrollo profesional. Manifiestan poca satisfacción con la presión asistencial, el reconocimiento profesional y la escasez de tiempo para formación. 3: Establecen una correlación más significativa, entre la influencia negativa que puede tener el trabajo- familia en la ST. 4: Las dimensiones utilizadas en el modelo, explican una tercera parte de la ST de las enfermeras, teniendo en cuenta, que pueden existir otras variables con clara influencia en la ST. / The increasing interest and sensibility of the roles that women and men play in society and the balance between work and family responsibilities has involved in an increasing need to study the implications of the nurses profession. The social and family roles are of great importance in the nurses that assume both family care and professional role, being able to cause conflict situations because of the need to equilibrate both. The aim of the present study is to measure the effect of work-family interaction in job satisfaction of Primary Attention nurses. 1) Methods: A survey was conducted in Spain at 2009 using an analytic transversal design. We assessed for the work family interaction using a questionnaire that was created for that purpose among 276 nurses. Descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression were performed for the analysis of the data obtained. 2) Results: The negatives interactions work-family and family-work was strongly correlated with job satisfaction. We observed a significantly correlation between the positives interactions to global job satisfaction, achieving lower values than negatives interactions. 3) Conclusions: The study shows that nurses give more importance to positive interactions. Even thought analyses show a higher significant correlation on the negative interaction that work can have to family and the family to work in relation with the job satisfaction. The four dimensions considered were: negative work-family interaction, negative family-work interaction, positive work-family interaction and positive family-work interaction. Explain by their own, more than a third part of the nurses job satisfaction.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:46:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielaSMM_TESE.pdf: 1186575 bytes, checksum: a681a1de59e776a78b1ba0ba6228a2ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / A disciplina de Semiologia e Semiot?cnica da Enfermagem proporciona o desenvolvimento de habilidades necess?rias ? pr?tica profissional da enfermagem e ao estudo de procedimentos te?ricopr?ticos. Na avalia??o desse componente, torna-se fundamental observar como o estudante trabalha o conhecimento adquirido, como o aplica e o progresso no uso de instrumentos e recursos, bem como sua capacidade de julgamento cr?tico; favorecendo a concretiza??o da assist?ncia proveniente do processo educativo eficiente. Assim, o estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar os conhecimentos e as habilidades dos acad?micos de enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) matriculados em diferentes per?odos sobre os procedimentos de higieniza??o simples das m?os-HSM, mensura??o da press?o arterial-PA, pun??o venosa perif?rica com cateter agulhado-PVP e sondagem vesical de demora masculina-SVD. Trata-se de estudo anal?tico com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no Departamento de Enfermagem da UFRN, em Natal/RN desenvolvido em duas etapas: valida??o de conte?do de quatro question?rios e quatro listas de verifica??o; e identifica??o dos conhecimentos e habilidades dos procedimentos em quest?o. A popula??o foi composta por dois p?blicos alvos, sendo o primeiro 27 ju?zes docentes de Universidades do Estado respons?veis por avaliar os instrumentos de coleta de dados, sendo todos considerados v?lidos quanto ao conte?do e, o segundo, 186 acad?micos de enfermagem da UFRN, matriculados do 5? ao 9? per?odo do curso. O estudo obteve parecer favor?vel do CEP/HUOL (CAAE n? 0002.0.294.000-10). A verifica??o dos conhecimentos ocorreu por meio da aplica??o de question?rios estruturados validados, com 12 quest?es objetivas cada (m?ximo de acertos) e observa??o da execu??o dos procedimentos com preenchimento das listas de verifica??o validadas, em laborat?rio de simula??o. Os resultados foram analisados no programa SPSS 20.0 por meio de estat?stica descritiva e inferencial, utilizando-se os testes ANOVA, Wilcoxon e Friedman, adotando n?vel de signific?ncia estat?stica de p-valor < 0,05. Dos 186 pesquisados, 89,8% eram do sexo feminino, com idade entre 18 a 26 anos (88,2%), solteiro/divorciado (86,6%), renda de 1 a 5 sal?rios m?nimos (74,2%). Quanto ? experi?ncia laboral, 18,3% tiveram experi?ncia em sa?de anterior a gradua??o; 15,6% tinham forma??o como t?cnico de enfermagem; e 10,2% trabalharam na ?rea da sa?de. Atualmente, 14,0% trabalham. A m?dia de acertos do conhecimento nos quatro procedimentos variou de 6,2 a 8,8, sendo maior em HSM (8,6), seguida por SVD (7,8), PVP (7,4) e PA (6,7); o 6? per?odo apresentou as piores m?dias em tr?s dos quatro procedimentos (HSM, PA e SVD). Quanto ?s habilidades, o procedimento de PVP apresentou melhor m?dia de acerto geral (21,2 ? 2,6), e a SVD masculina a m?dia mais baixa, com maior varia??o (m?dia 27,2 e DP 4,4), sendo a diferen?a entre per?odos significante (p=0,041). Verificou-se que existem diferen?as significativas entre os conhecimentos e habilidades dos quatro procedimentos nos diferentes per?odos da gradua??o em enfermagem (p<0,001, para cada procedimento). Os acad?micos det?m melhor habilidade, de forma geral, ao comparar habilidade com o conhecimento nos procedimentos em estudo. Conclui-se pela rejei??o da hip?tese nula e aceita??o da hip?tese alternativa, na qual se evidencia que existem diferen?as significativas entre os conhecimentos e habilidades dos procedimentos de HSM, mensura??o da PA, PVP e SVD nos diferentes per?odos da gradua??o em enfermagem. A pesquisa acarretar? repercuss?o para as profiss?es da sa?de dada a natureza do cuidado, colaborando especialmente na forma??o dos enfermeiros, melhoria do ensino e expans?o das reflex?es acerca do ensino em Semiologia e Semiot?cnica da Enfermagem

The aim o f this study was to determine the key factors within the roles and functions of professional nurses working in different nursing units with the purpose for motivation for their compensation in accordance with their performance. A comparative, descriptive design was employed. Findings reveal that the professional nurse’s roles and functions in the different units show that there are some significant differences regarding certain activities while differences pertaining to other activities were not significant. However, there were factors which were subjected to a number o f limitations during the study. Apart from the significant differences, it thus appears as if the roles and functions required o f professional nurses working in the three disciplines do not vary much in content and intensity. From the findings o f this study, it therefore, does not appear as if paediatric professional nurses have a valid reason for expecting additional monetary rewards in view o f their roles and functions. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Prior to 1994, the South African Health Department was characterised by a fragmented health care system, which was largely curative and hospital based, with services planned and managed without community involvement and participation. The government, through the establishment of a district health system, integrated the health services with the aim of overcoming the fragmentation, and providing integrated comprehensive health care services that are equitable, accessible, efficient and effective. The integration of health services in Gauteng, meant the devolution of primary health care services from the provincial health department to the local authority health department, because the local authority services are nearer and accountable to the community. The process of integration of health services also meant the closing down of provincial clinics and transferring of provincial authority nurses to the local authority clinics. The transfer process impacted negatively on staff morale and on the resources available for health care delivery to the communities. It is against this background that the researcher decided to investigate the integration process. The researcher then conducted focus group interviews with the local authority nurses, provincial authority nurses and the district management team as these nurses's immediate supervisors. The results revealed that the local and provincial authority nurses were integrated without proper consultation and as a result integration was rejected. The following themes emerged from the results as negative perceptions and obstacles towards integration: lack of consultation, disparities in conditions of service and resistance to change. Positive perceptions also emerged from the results as strategies to improve the integration, and these strategies were used to develop guidelines to operationalise the model. It is envisaged that the proposed model will serve as a theoretical framework for nurse managers from both spheres of government, local and provincial to improve the integration of nurses through proper consultation, and involvement of nurses in the process affecting them. It is further envisaged that the model will serve as guideline to introduce changes within the district health system with more understanding and acceptance by nurses affected. Health care managers will find the model useful to overcome disparities in conditions of service among nurses and, in turn this may boost the moral of nurses and lead to successful integration of provincial and local authority nurses. / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil (Health Studies)

MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies

Introdução: Anemia por carência alimentar de ferro é a deficiência nutricional mais freqüente e preocupante do ponto de vista da saúde coletiva. Afeta principalmente crianças, gestantes e mulheres em idade fértil. Apesar das medidas de intervenção para prevenção e controle da anemia no Brasil, estudos mostram que as prevalências ainda continuam elevadas. Objetivo: Investigar a situação da anemia e seus determinantes em mães e filhos no Brasil, considerando o contexto familiar. Método: Pesquisa transversal de abordagem quantitativa, que utilizou o banco de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Mulher e da Criança (PNDS) 2006. Foram utilizados dois questionários com informações básicas sobre o domicílio e seus moradores e informações detalhadas sobre o público-alvo, mulheres de 15 a 49 anos e seus filhos menores de 5 anos. Aproximadamente 40% dos domicílios foram selecionados para coleta de sangue das mulheres, porém todas as crianças nascidas a partir de janeiro de 2001 tiveram o sangue colhido, desde que filhos biológicos da entrevistada. Análise de hemoglobina foi realizada em 5.915 mulheres e 4.558 crianças. Este estudo analisou 1.476 pares, considerando a mãe e apenas uma criança. O programa Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS versão 18.0) foi utilizado para análise dos dados, que analisou anemia em mães e/ou filhos, mães e filhos isoladamente e constou das etapas univariada e múltipla. Resultados: A ocorrência de anemia foi de 36,8% em mães e/ou filhos, 23,4% nas mães e 17,0% nos filhos. Mães apresentaram chance 1,49 vezes maior de ter anemia do que os filhos, e não se verificou associação entre anemia nas mães e nos filhos (p=0,478). Na análise múltipla, mães e/ou filhos que residiam nas regiões Nordeste e Centro-Oeste apresentaram chance 2,24 e 1,70 vezes maior, respectivamente, em relação às da região Sul; a chance também foi estatisticamente maior (1,78 vezes) para o par com insegurança alimentar (sentiu fome) e em que a mãe realizou consulta de puerpério (1,39 vezes); primiparidade mostrou-se como fator de proteção. Anemia nas mães também se associou com macrorregião de residência, com chance 2,39 vezes maior para as da região Nordeste em relação às da região Sul; mães com insegurança alimentar, que realizaram consulta de puerpério e tiveram pelo menos uma doença também apresentaram chance 50% maior para anemia. Nas crianças, anemia associou-se com insegurança e consumo alimentar, sendo que aquelas que ingeriram multimistura e leite fresco com água nas últimas 24 horas apresentaram chance 2,49 e 1,69 vezes maior para anemia, respectivamente, assim como crianças que não ingeriram lanche da tarde no dia anterior e que ingeriram arroz menos de 4 vezes na semana (chance 1,57 e 2,38 vezes maior, respectivamente); primiparidade materna revelou-se como fator de proteção. Conclusões: A ocorrência de anemia em mães e/ou filhos é maior nas macrorregiões menos desenvolvidas e em famílias com insegurança alimentar, o que evidencia a determinação social dessa carência nutricional. É mais freqüente nas mães e não se associa à ocorrência de anemia nos filhos. Nas mães, anemia associa-se com variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e insegurança alimentar. Nas crianças, anemia se associa apenas com insegurança e consumo alimentar. Os resultados indicam que embora mães e filhos estejam expostos aos mesmos determinantes sociais e ambientais que aumentam a suscetibilidade para anemia, as restrições alimentares ocasionadas por condições socioeconômicas e demográficas desfavoráveis têm maior impacto nas mães, em virtude da maior necessidade orgânica de ferro da mulher em idade fértil e provável proteção e cuidado das mães para com os filhos. Indica também que independente da condição socioeconômica, a alimentação inadequada da criança torna-a mais susceptível à anemia. Tais resultados podem estar atrelados também a um efeito positivo do Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Ferro, embora apenas um quarto das crianças de 6 a 24 meses tivesse recebido ferro nos últimos seis meses, o que indica a necessidade de melhorias na operacionalização do programa. / Introduction: Anemia an iron deficiency, is the most frequent and worrisome nutritional deficiency from the standpoint of public health. It mainly affects children, pregnant women and women of childbearing age. Despite the intervention measures for prevention and control of anemia in Brazil, studies shows that prevalence rates are high. Objective: Investigate the situation of anemia and its determinants in mothers and children in Brazil, considering the family context. Method: Quantitative cross-sectional survey, that used the database of the national survey of demography and health of women and children (PNDS) 2006. This information was collected through two questionnaires, with basic information about the home and its residents and also detailed information about the target audience women between 15 to 49 years and children under 5 years. The study evaluated approximately 15.000 women and 5.000 children, with a representative sample of five brazilian regions in urban and rural context. Approximately 40% of households had been selected for blood sampling of women, and all children born from January 2001 had the blood sampling taken provided they were biological children of the interviewees. Hemoglobin analysis was performed in 5.915 women and 4.558 children. This study looked at 1.476 pairs, considering the mother and only one children. The Statistical Package Program for Social Science (SPSS version 18.0) was used for data analysis, which examined anemia in mothers and/or children, mothers and children separately and consisted of univariate and multiple steps. Results: The occurrence of anemia was 36.8% in mothers and/or children, 23.4% of mothers and 17.0% in children. Mothers were 1.49 times more likely to have anemia than children, there was no association between anemia in mothers and children (p=0.478 ). In multiple regression analysis, mothers and/or children residing in the Northeast and Midwest had odds 2,24 and 1,70 times higher, respectively, in relation to the south; the chance was also statistically higher (1,78 times) for those with food insecurity and those in which the mother held a puerperal consultation (1,39 times); primiparity shown as protective factor. Anemia in mothers was also associated with the region of residence, with 2,39 times more chances for the Northeast than in mothers in the South; mothers with food insecurity, who performed a puerperal consultation and had at least one disease, also were 50% more likely to have anemia. In children, anemia was associated with insecurity and food consumption, and those who ate a mixture of water and fresh milk in the last 24 hours had a chance (2,49 and 1,69 times) to be more likely to develop anemia, respectively, as well as children who did not eat an afternoon snack on the last day and ate rice 4 times less in the week (odds 1,57 and 2,38 times higher for anemia, respectively), maternal primiparity proved to be a protector factor. Conclusions: The occurrence of anemia in mothers and/or children is higher in less develop macro-regions and among families with food insecurity, highlights the social causes of nutritional deficiency. It is more frequent in mothers and not associated with anemia in children. In mothers, anemia is associated with socioeconomic, demographic and food insecurity. In children, anemia is associated only with insecurity and food consumption. This result indicates that although there is evidence of mothers and children are exposed to the same social and environmental causes that increase susceptibility to anemia, dietary restrictions and their nutritional consequences caused by unfavorable demographic and socioeconomic conditions will have a greater impact on mothers, owing to the greater need for organic iron in women of childbearing age and protection and care of their mothers to the children. It also indicates that regardless of socioeconomic status, whether the childs diet is inadequate, it will be more susceptible to anemia. The results can be linked also to a positive effect of the National Iron Supplementation, although only one quarter of children aged 6 to 24 months had received iron in the last six months, which indicates the need for improvements in the operation of the program.