Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti penktų klasių mokinių tabako ir alkoholio vartojimo prevencijos, panaudojant kritinio mąstymo ugdymą, efektyvumą. Darbe buvo siekiama nustatyti prevencinių užsiėmimų, kuriuos paruošė darbo autorė su darbo vadove doc. dr. I. Pilkauskiene, tinkamumą (pagilinti žinias apie neigiamas tabako ir alkoholio vartojimo pasekmes, sustiprinti neigiamą požiūrį į tabako ir alkoholio vartojimą ir stiprinti motyvaciją nerūkyti ateityje) penktų klasių mokinių tabako ir alkoholio vartojimo prevencijai. Anketomis, paruoštomis darbo autorės kartu su doc. dr. I. Pilkauskiene, buvo vertintas darbo autorės vestų užsiėmimų efektyvumas. Tyrime dalyvavo 108 penktos klasės mokiniai iš dviejų mokyklų. Iš jų 61 berniukas (56,5%) ir 47 mergaitės (43,5%), kurių amžiaus vidurkiai: berniukų – 11,10 m., mergaičių – 11,13 m. Iš jų buvo sudaryta poveikio (54 mokiniai) ir lyginamoji (54 mokiniai) grupės. Poveikio grupėje vyko keturi rūkymo ir alkoholio prevencijos užsiėmimai, panaudojant kritinio mąstymo ugdymą. Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad paruoštų užsiėmimų panaudojimas penktų klasių mokinių tabako ir alkoholio vartojimo prevencijai efektyvus tik iš dalies: šitaip gilinamos ir praplečiamos penktų klasių mokinių žinios apie tabako ir alkoholio vartojimo žalą, nekeičia neigiamo mokinių požiūrio į tabako ir alkoholio vartojimą, tačiau nestiprina motyvacijos nevartoti tabako ir alkoholio ateityje. / The aim of the study was to define the effectiveness of tobacco and alcohol use prevention, using critical thinking education for fifth class pupils. The objective of this work is to define the suitability of prevential activities , which was prepared by the author of this work in common with doc. dr. I. Pilkauskienė (to deepen the knowledge of negative consequences of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking, to increase the negative attitude towards using of tabacco and alcohol as well as strengthen the motivation not to smoke and drink alcohol in future), for fifth grade pupils. The efectivness of prevential activities was defined acording the variation of questionnaire, which was prepared by the author and doc. dr. I. Pilkauskienė, data, by processing data information with SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 15.0 for Windows. 108 pupils of the fifth grade from two comprehensive schools participated in the research. The research included 61 boy (56,6 %) and 47 girls (43,5 %) who the average age were: 11,10 for boys, 11,13 for girls. The pupils from one school were formed into intervention group (54 pupils) and from the other chool - into a comparative group (54 pupils). Smoking and alcohol drinking prevention activities were exercised in intervention group, by using critical thinking education. The results of the research revealed that the usage of prepared exercises for smoking and alcohol drinking prevention is only partly effective: it deepens and widens the... [to full text]

Bakgrund: Regelbunden fysisk aktivitet leder till positiva hälsoeffekter och är därmed viktig som primär- och sekundärprevention för flera olika sjukdomar och för tidig död. Primärprevention ges dock begränsat utrymme inom sjukvården och därmed kan ett samarbete med andra hälsofrämjande aktörer i samhället vara motiverat. Syfte: Att undersöka om deltagare skattar högre upplevd livskvalitet och fysisk aktivitetsnivå efter Friskis&Svettis (F&S) tio veckor långa ”Börja träna”-kurs samt undersöka om det fanns en korrelation mellan livskvalitet och fysisk aktivitetsnivå. Metod: 95 deltagare (81 kvinnor, 14 män) med en medelålder på 50 år fyllde i två enkäter, en före och en efter interventionen. En inomgruppsjämförelse samt en korrelationsanalys gällande livskvalitet och fysisk aktivitetsnivå gjordes. Resultat: Medianen för livskvalitet var 7 före interventionen och 8 efter vilket var en signifikant ökning (p=0,022). Även för fysisk aktivitet var ökningen signifikant med en median på 3 före interventionen och 4 efter (p<0,001). I studien sågs ett mycket svagt samband mellan livskvalitet och fysisk aktivitetsnivå före interventionen (r=-0,172, p=0,122). Konklusion: Efter deltagande i F&S ”Börja träna”-kurs skattade deltagarna högre livskvalitet och fysisk aktivitetsnivå. På grund av ett stort bortfall och flera metodologiska felkällor bör resultatet användas med försiktighet och vidare studier är därmed nödvändiga.

ANNOTATION: The thesis investigates a multicultural education and its applications within the implementations of racism and xenophobia primary prevention at elementary school. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The aim of theoretical part is to review theoretical bases of primary prevention, multicultural education, and educational forms and methods. In accordance to these applications, the primary prevention and multicultural education can be implemented into the elementary school education. The practical part suggests a multicultural education project, which was built-up in order to lead students to deny the xenophobia and the racism.

The object of this thesis is my own proposal of program to prevention in the abuse of addictive substances for school aged children. The theoretical part presents the issue of abusing addictive substances, primary prevention and approaches to primary prevention in the Czech Republic and abroad and a prevention in the region of Prague 12. The practical part describes research in schools in the region of Prague 12. It includes the results of the research done and the proposal of program to prevention in the abuse of addictive substances for school aged children.

BACKROUND: A school prevention is a very discussed and continuosly developing area in Czech Republic. Its quality and effective providing are the keys for preclusion of hazardous behavior development of children and adolescents. It is essential the preventive programs to be provided in accordance with the latest research findings in order to serve the purpose. AIMS: This diploma thesis aimed at two basic targets. The first one was to find out if any and which preventive activities took place at schools participating in a study (which forms of these preventive activities exist, what is their time allocation and a way of their assurance) during the termtime 2014/2015. The second target was to define differences between schools, which the preventive activities were executed in terms of a normal a.k.a school preventive program (a control group of schools) at and between schools, which in addition the program Unplugged took place in its basic or extended version (an experimental group of schools) at. METHODS: To obtain the data a quantitative method of online questionnaire was chosen, via Qualtrics database. The addressed schools and school institution were selected for the study by a randomization method. The retrieved data was evaluated via a basic descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The retrieved...

Crianças afetadas por transtornos mentais são, em grande parte, não identificadas nem tratadas em todo o mundo. O sistema educacional está intimamente relacionado com o campo da saúde mental na infância e as ações que ocorrem no contexto da educação podem ser fundamentais para melhorar o atendimento das pessoas afetadas por transtornos mentais. Neste projeto desenvolvemos um programa baseado na web (grupo de educação interativa baseada na web, EIBW) para educar e ajudar os professores do ensino fundamental no reconhecimento e manejo em sala de aula de crianças com possíveis transtornos mentais. Além disso, foi realizado um ensaio clinico controlado randomizado em clusters para testar a eficácia da intervenção EIBW em comparação com o mesmo programa, com base em materiais de texto e vídeo (grupo de educação baseada em texto e video, EBTV) e nenhum treinamento (controle de lista de espera, LE). As nove escolas de uma cidade do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foram randomizados em três grupos, e os professores completaram os programas educacionais em três semanas. Em relação ao conhecimento, o grupo EIBW foi superior ao grupo EBTV em 2 de 9 resultados e o grupo EIBW foi superior ao grupo LE em 5 de 9 resultados. O grupo EBTV foi superior ao LE em 2 de 9 resultados. No que diz respeito as crenças e atitudes, o grupo EIBW apresentou conceitos menos estigmatizados do que o grupo EBTV e mais conceitos não-estigmatizados do que o grupo LE, que apresentou conceitos menos estigmatizados do que a EBTV. A intervenção não mostrou efeitos sobre atitudes em relação à saúde mental. Este ensaio clínico randomizado demonstrou a eficácia de um programa baseado na web para educar professores na identificação e no tratamento de crianças com transtornos mentais / Children affected by mental disorders are largely unrecognized and untreated across the world. The educational system is closely related to the childhood mental health field and actions that occur in the context of education may be critical to improve the care of those affected by mental illness. We developed a web-based program (web-based interactive educational group, WBIE) to educate and assist primary school teachers in the recognition and management of children with mental disorders. Additionally, we conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of the WEIE intervention in comparison to the same program based on text and video materials only (text and video-based educational group, TVBE) and to no training (waiting list control, WL). The nine schools of a community in São Paulo, Brazil, were randomized to the three groups, and teachers completed the educational programs during three weeks. Regarding knowledge, the WBIE group was superior to the TVBE group in 2 out of 9 outcomes and the WBIE group was superior to the WL group in 5 out of 9 outcomes. The TVBE was superior to the WL in 2 out of 9 outcomes. Regarding beliefs and attitudes, the WBIE group presented less stigmatized concepts than the TVBE group and more non-stigmatized concepts than the WL group, which presented less stigmatized concepts than the TVBE. There was no effect of the intervention over attitudes to mental health. This randomized controlled trial demonstrated the effectiveness of a web-based program to educate school teachers in the identification and management of children with mental disorders

De doenÃa rara no passado o cÃncer de pulmÃo, tem alcanÃado proporÃÃes alarmantes em todo o mundo, sendo considerado um problema de saÃde pÃblica mundialmente, a sua incidÃncia mudou em vÃrios paÃses nos Ãltimos anos, fato observado, principalmente, no sexo feminino. Dessa forma, a pesquisa objetivou realizar um levantamento dos estudos cientÃficos desenvolvidos acerca do tema, especialmente, da mudanÃa na distribuiÃÃo dos tipos histolÃgicos do cÃncer de pulmÃo. Estudo bibliogrÃfico, desenvolvido a partir de artigos originais, artigos de revisÃo, teses e dissertaÃÃes, revistas indexadas nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, NCBI, Capes, Scielo, Pub Med e Bireme, escritos na lÃngua inglesa e na portuguesa, alÃm de livros consagrados sobre a neoplasia pulmonar, totalizando 49 fontes pesquisadas. Os resultados revelaram que as taxas de novos casos e de mortalidade sÃo maiores nos paÃses desenvolvidos, especialmente nos Estados Unidos da AmÃrica (EUA) e na Europa. Embora controverso, Ã provÃvel que a mulher apresente maior susceptibilidade para o cÃncer de pulmÃo do que o homem. Essas diferenÃas entre os sexos estÃo amplamente relacionadas ao tabagismo. Contudo, tanto no homem como na mulher, a prevenÃÃo, ou seja, o combate ao tabagismo, maior fator de risco dessa neoplasia, Ã uma medida de saÃde pÃblica prioritÃria. / Lung cancer is configured with as a great public health problem in the world. From a rare disease in the past, its incidence has changed in several countries in recent years, which was observed mainly in females. Thus, the research aimed to survey the research developed on the theme, especially the change in the distribution of histological types of lung cancer. A bibliographic study, developed from original articles, review articles, theses and dissertations, journals indexed in Medline, Lilacs, NCBI, Capes, Scielo, BIREME and Pub Med data basis, written in English and Portuguese as well as books written about lung neoplasia, a total of 49 sources surveyed. The results showed that the rates of new cases and mortality are higher in developed countries, especially in the United States of America (USA) and Europe. Although controversial, it is likely that women are more susceptible to lung cancer than men. These gender differences are largely related to smoking. However, both in men and women, the prevention, in other words, the anti-smoking combat, major risk factor of this neoplasia, is a measure of public health priority.

The objective of this dissertation is to develop and evaluate quantitative models that have the potential to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening and projection efforts in the U.S. Paper 1 assesses the exchangeability of a non-laboratory-based CVD risk score (predictors do not include cholesterol) with more commonly-used laboratory-based scores, such as the Framingham risk equations. Under conventional thresholds for identifying high-risk individuals, 92-96% of adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were equivalently characterized as high- or low-risk using either type of score. The 10-year CVD death results also suggest that simple CVD risk assessment could be a useful proxy for more expensive laboratory-based screening strategies in the U.S. or other resource-limited settings. Paper 2 uses micro-simulation modeling techniques to evaluate the cost effectiveness of primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening using staged laboratory-based and/or non-laboratory-based total CVD risk assessment. The results imply that efficient screening guidelines should include non-laboratory-based risk assessment, either as a single stage or as part of multistage screening approach. Compared to current CVD screening guidelines, fewer cholesterol tests would be administered and more adults would receive low-cost statins under cost-effective screening policies. Paper 3 examines the trends of CVD risk factors, treatment, and total risk in the U.S. from 1973-2010, and offers projections of these variables for 2015-2030. Nine waves of cross-sectional NHANES data show that the divergent, observed trends in common CVD risk factors (such as smoking, BMI, total cholesterol, and blood pressure) are expected to continue in future years. Age-adjusted CVD risk has decreased over time (during the observed and projected periods), but total risk has increased when considering the impact of aging on CVD risk. Scenario analyses suggest that strategies targeting cholesterol and blood pressure treatment have the greatest potential to reduce future CVD burden in the U.S.

Thesis (M.P.H.M. (Primary Health Care Management))--Mahidol University, 2005.

Orientador: Fernando Bastos / Banca: Maria Helena Salgado Bagnato / Banca: Cláudio Bertolli Filho / Resumo: Apresentam-se as condições em que se desenvolve, em vinte e sete escolas públicas do município de Bauru, no âmbito do ensino de biologia e programas de saúde, a transmissão de conhecimentos relativos à prevenção do uso indevido de substância psicoativas. Estas condições referem-se ao cabedal de conhecimentos de que dispõem os professores, como fruto dos cursos de graduação, os conteúdos de aprendizagem tratados em sala de aula, as questões polêmicas que mais frequentemente surgem durante o ensino do tema e as atitudes adotadas pelos docentes no enfrentamento destas questões, como o objetivo de conhecer as repercussões de todo esse contexto no preparo dos estudantes para atuarem socialmente, dentro de um sentido de cidadania plena. Integra o trabalho um conjunto de conteúdos de aprendizagem, que embora destinado aos professores de biologia, não descura da interdisciplinaridade, visando a um processo de ensino/aprendizagem em sentido amplo e com repercussões positivas na vertente social / Abstract: This research presents the conditions in which the dissemination of knowledge concerning the prevention of improper use of psychoactive substances is developed in twenty-seven public schools in the city of Bauru, in the field of biology and health programs teaching. Such conditions are related to the fund of knowledge the teachers have, as a result of undergraduate courses, learning contents dealt with in the classroom, polemical issues which arise most frequently during the subject teaching and the attitudes adopted by the teachers to face these issues. Our purpose is to know the repercussions of this context in the formation of the students to act in society, in a sense of full citizenship. It is part of the research a set of learning contents that even though is intended for biology teachers does not neglect interdisciplinarity, aiming at a process of teaching/learning in a broad sense and with positive repercussions in the social bias / Mestre