Self-harm and suicide is more prevalent within the prison environment than in community samples, with those in the first weeks of imprisonment at greatest risk. Descriptions and evaluations of static risk factors (e.g. mental health diagnosis) dominate the empirical literature with few dynamic (e.g. defeat) and protective factors (e.g. resilience) evaluated. Additionally, current research is largely atheoretical and the integration of existing knowledge into a unifying model may improve the predictability of assessment. In the current research Williams and Pollock’s cry of pain model provided the template for assessing predictors of self-harm or suicide. For three months, all new arrivals at a local prison were invited to complete baseline questionnaires to assess factors derived from the cry of pain model. It was hypothesised that the factors derived from the model (perceived stress, defeat, entrapment and absence of rescue factors) would be predictive of self-harm and suicide risk and would distinguish prior self-harmers from non self-harmers. Two hundred and seventy prisoners participated in the study. Prisoners with active psychosis and non-English speakers were excluded. All participants were followed up for four months for instances of self-harm. Eighteen participants engaged in self-harm during this period. The hypotheses derived from the model were supported in the prediction of future engagement in self-harm in prison and had some support in identifying those who engaged in previous self-harm and those at risk of suicide. Additional research is needed to confirm the factor structure of defeat and entrapment and the presence of ‘scripts’ as relevant factors in the cry of pain model. The 3 implications for practice are discussed including the identification of patterns of risk linked with self-harm and suicide. The measures utilised in the study were shown to be largely valid within this population. Methodological limitations are discussed together with their implications for future research.

O sistema penitenciário brasileiro está em crise. Essa crise abrange a falta de condições mínimas de saúde e de ressocialização, já que as prisões brasileiras não obtêm qualquer efeito positivo sobre o apenado. A Constituição Federal diz que todos têm direito a um meio ambiente equilibrado e saudável, onde se possa desfrutar de igualdade e dignidade da pessoa humana. Todavia, sabemos que isso não se aplica aos indivíduos que estão encarcerados. O preso é moldado pelo sistema, tornado-se hipocrisia achar que ele voltará ressocializado ao meio social. O Estado não lhe deu qualquer condição de vida digna, de saúde, de um meio ambiente sadio e equilibrado. Dessa forma, não há como exigir que retorne à sociedade como uma pessoa disposta a recomeçar sua vida, e sim, a recontinuar sua trajetória de crimes. Consoante a Lei de Execuções Penais, a assistência à saúde do preso e do internado deve ser de caráter preventivo e curativo, compreendendo atendimento médico, farmacêutico e odontológico. As péssimas condições dos presídios, superlotação, e nenhuma condição de salubridade ambiental e dignidade humana, somadas a inexistência de políticas públicas contribuem para a alta taxa de reincidência, fazem com que os presos retornem à sociedade mais brutalizados, com um sentimento de vingança, e não ressocializados. Pretende-se propor um novo debate, trazendo à baila que boas condições ambientais, dignas, nos presídios, colaboram para com a reinserção social do preso. Nesse contexto, o direito à saúde passará a ser examinado como direito fundamental à saúde, que equipara vida digna à vida saudável, pois não se imagina que condições de vida insalubre, sejam aceitas como conteúdo de uma vida com dignidade. O ambiente prisional viola os direitos humanos – transgrede a saúde dos presos – a saúde é direito de todos e dever do Estado, como prevê a Carta Constitucional, e, esse direito, infelizmente não é alcançado aos detentos. Por fim, faz-se um estudo acerca do meio ambiente prisional e a saúde dos presos no presídio Estadual de Bento Gonçalves, analisando pormenorizadamente a rotina do presídio, suas deficiências, quais são assistências previstas em Lei que são prestadas aos apenados e aquelas nas quais o Estado é ineficaz e inexistente. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-23T15:49:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Rodrigo Capitani.pdf: 5002850 bytes, checksum: aaf80629eeaaa8d93426afd7e76f509c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-23T15:49:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Rodrigo Capitani.pdf: 5002850 bytes, checksum: aaf80629eeaaa8d93426afd7e76f509c (MD5) / The Brazilian penitentiary system is in crisis. This crisis includes a lack of minimum conditions of health and re-socialization, as the Brazilian prisons don’t give any positive effect to the convict. The federal Constitution says that everyone is entitled to a healthy and balanced environment, where you can enjoy equality and human dignity. However, we know that this does not apply to individuals who are incarcerated. The convict is molded by the system, becoming hypocrisy to think the individual will be back to the society re-socialized. The State did not give him/her any condition of dignity, healthy, or a healthy and balanced environment. Thus, there is way to this individual returning to society as a person willing to start a new life, and yes, he/she will keep the career of crimes. Regarding on the Law of Penal Execution, the health care of the convict should be preventive and curative, including medical, pharmaceutical and dental assistance. The harsh prison conditions, overcrowding, and no conditions of environmental health and human dignity, coupled with lack of public policies contribute to the high relapse rate, making the prisoners return to society more brutalized with a revenge feeling and not re-socialized. The goal is to propose a new debate, bringing up that good and worthy environmental conditions in prisons can collaborate with the social reintegration of the convicts. In this context, the right to health will be examined as a fundamental right to health, which equates worthy life to healthy life, because we do not imagine that unhealthy living conditions are accepted as contents of a worthy life. The prison environment violates human rights - violates prisoner’s health - health is everyone's right and duty of the State, as provided by the Constitutional Charter, and this right, it is unfortunately not reaching the convicts. Finally, we study the environment and health of prison’s convicts in Bento Gonçalves’s State Prision, analyzing in detail the routine of the prison, its shortcomings, which are provided assistance in law that are provided to inmates and those in which state is ineffective and void.

O sistema penitenciário brasileiro está em crise. Essa crise abrange a falta de condições mínimas de saúde e de ressocialização, já que as prisões brasileiras não obtêm qualquer efeito positivo sobre o apenado. A Constituição Federal diz que todos têm direito a um meio ambiente equilibrado e saudável, onde se possa desfrutar de igualdade e dignidade da pessoa humana. Todavia, sabemos que isso não se aplica aos indivíduos que estão encarcerados. O preso é moldado pelo sistema, tornado-se hipocrisia achar que ele voltará ressocializado ao meio social. O Estado não lhe deu qualquer condição de vida digna, de saúde, de um meio ambiente sadio e equilibrado. Dessa forma, não há como exigir que retorne à sociedade como uma pessoa disposta a recomeçar sua vida, e sim, a recontinuar sua trajetória de crimes. Consoante a Lei de Execuções Penais, a assistência à saúde do preso e do internado deve ser de caráter preventivo e curativo, compreendendo atendimento médico, farmacêutico e odontológico. As péssimas condições dos presídios, superlotação, e nenhuma condição de salubridade ambiental e dignidade humana, somadas a inexistência de políticas públicas contribuem para a alta taxa de reincidência, fazem com que os presos retornem à sociedade mais brutalizados, com um sentimento de vingança, e não ressocializados. Pretende-se propor um novo debate, trazendo à baila que boas condições ambientais, dignas, nos presídios, colaboram para com a reinserção social do preso. Nesse contexto, o direito à saúde passará a ser examinado como direito fundamental à saúde, que equipara vida digna à vida saudável, pois não se imagina que condições de vida insalubre, sejam aceitas como conteúdo de uma vida com dignidade. O ambiente prisional viola os direitos humanos – transgrede a saúde dos presos – a saúde é direito de todos e dever do Estado, como prevê a Carta Constitucional, e, esse direito, infelizmente não é alcançado aos detentos. Por fim, faz-se um estudo acerca do meio ambiente prisional e a saúde dos presos no presídio Estadual de Bento Gonçalves, analisando pormenorizadamente a rotina do presídio, suas deficiências, quais são assistências previstas em Lei que são prestadas aos apenados e aquelas nas quais o Estado é ineficaz e inexistente. / The Brazilian penitentiary system is in crisis. This crisis includes a lack of minimum conditions of health and re-socialization, as the Brazilian prisons don’t give any positive effect to the convict. The federal Constitution says that everyone is entitled to a healthy and balanced environment, where you can enjoy equality and human dignity. However, we know that this does not apply to individuals who are incarcerated. The convict is molded by the system, becoming hypocrisy to think the individual will be back to the society re-socialized. The State did not give him/her any condition of dignity, healthy, or a healthy and balanced environment. Thus, there is way to this individual returning to society as a person willing to start a new life, and yes, he/she will keep the career of crimes. Regarding on the Law of Penal Execution, the health care of the convict should be preventive and curative, including medical, pharmaceutical and dental assistance. The harsh prison conditions, overcrowding, and no conditions of environmental health and human dignity, coupled with lack of public policies contribute to the high relapse rate, making the prisoners return to society more brutalized with a revenge feeling and not re-socialized. The goal is to propose a new debate, bringing up that good and worthy environmental conditions in prisons can collaborate with the social reintegration of the convicts. In this context, the right to health will be examined as a fundamental right to health, which equates worthy life to healthy life, because we do not imagine that unhealthy living conditions are accepted as contents of a worthy life. The prison environment violates human rights - violates prisoner’s health - health is everyone's right and duty of the State, as provided by the Constitutional Charter, and this right, it is unfortunately not reaching the convicts. Finally, we study the environment and health of prison’s convicts in Bento Gonçalves’s State Prision, analyzing in detail the routine of the prison, its shortcomings, which are provided assistance in law that are provided to inmates and those in which state is ineffective and void.

Bakgrund: Forskning har visat att både brottsligheten och psykisk ohälsa ökar i samhället. Psykisk ohälsa är också vanligt förekommande i fängelset, där fängelsemiljön kan medföra socialt stigma, isolering och osäkerhet som i sin tur kan påverka välbefinnandet negativt. Syfte: Att belysa hur fängelsemiljön påverkar den psykiska hälsan utifrån de intagnas erfarenheter. Metod: Litteraturöversikt användes som metod och fyra systematiska sökningar genomfördes i databaserna APA Psykinfo och Cinahl, vilket resulterade i att nio artiklar hittades till resultatet. Ytterligare en artikel hittades genom en sekundär osystematisk sökning och inkluderades i resultatet. Litteraturen analyserades sedan med hjälp av Aveyards tematiska analysmodell. Resultat: Analysen identifierade tre teman och sju subteman som bildade resultatet. Det visade sig att de intagna hade både negativa och positiva erfarenheter av fängelsemiljön och dess påverkan på den psykiska hälsan. Vikten av att personalen hade ett etiskt förhållningssätt och använde sin makt på rätt sätt framkom också.Slutsats: Att fängelsemiljön, som inkluderade både den psykosociala, andliga och fysiska miljön, kunde ha både en positiv och negativ inverkan på den psykiska hälsan, men majoriteten av erfarenheterna av fängelsemiljön var negativa. / Background: Research has shown that both crime rates and mental health issues are increasing in society. Mental health problems are also commonly found in prisons, where the prison environment can lead to social stigma, isolation, and uncertainty, which in turn can negatively affect mental health. Aim: To illuminate how the prison environment affects mental health based on the experiences of the inmates.Method: A literature review was used as the method, with four systematic searches conducted in the databases APA PsycInfo and CINAHL, resulting in nine articles being included in the review. An additional article was found through a secondary unsystematic search and was included in the results. The literature was then analyzed using Aveyard's thematic analysis model. Results: The analysis identified three themes and seven subthemes that formed the results. It was found that inmates had both negative and positive experiences of the prison environment and its impact on mental health. The importance of the staff having an ethical approach and using their power correctly also emerged.Conclusion: The prison environment, including both the psychosocial, spiritual, and physical aspects, could have both positive and negative effects on mental health, but the majority of experiences of the prison environment were negative.

The aim of this thesis is to find out to what extent the prison environment can influence the mood of a teaching staff. In the theoretical part, after defining the basic concepts, we are going to deal with a school climate. This basic theme is explained by the basic factors affecting school climate from the perspective of a parent, pupil, director and teacher. We are going to attend to the influence of teachers over school and how that school climate can affect teachers. The last chapter is dedicated to educating inmates in an environment of imprisonment and education possibilities which are offers to prisoner by this system. Key words: school climate, climate factors, teacher, staff, prison environment, education

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Filomena Graciano Lamberga Catito.pdf: 1261401 bytes, checksum: be97102f348d1c3fbb29e0293164478b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / This research is a qualitative and quantitative study based on the Winnicottian psychoanalytic theory, aiming to understand the experience of imprisoned women in relation to: different ways to face prison life, pregnancy, breastfeeding, calving, children upbringing, separation after three years, continuity of this relationship after separation and observation of depression signs. Twenty women participated in the survey, ranging from 18 to 41 years of age, of which ten were pregnant or ten were imprisoned with their children. Two instruments were used for data production: the semi-structured interview and the Beck depression test (BDI-II). We sought to understand the grief of these women caused by prison during and after pregnancy, the time of separation from their children and the high depression rate within this population. Analysis of the results indicated that incarceration causes suffering, pain, anger, sadness, humiliation and a high rate of serious depression in pregnant women and those who live with their children in prison, feeling powerless and dependent upon the prison, and that the separation from their children leaves them in shock due to the uncertainty of a good continuance in the children‟s care, in addition to the fear of being forgotten by them. Family support is a key factor in the lives of these women, as family abandonment increases their suffering. Having a partner was also a prime factor that brought them respect towards other inmates, thus increasing their self-esteem. All the women stated that the prison environment is maddening, full of falsehood and hypocrisy, and the best way to handle the situation is remaining isolated, obeying orders and not speaking about other people‟s lives / A presente pesquisa é um estudo qualitativo e quantitativo à luz da teoria psicanalítica Winnicottiana, cujo objetivo é compreender a experiência das mulheres encarceradas em relação aos seguintes aspectos: formas de enfrentamento da vida prisional, gestação, amamentação, parição, criação do filho, separação aos três anos, continuidade dessa relação após a separação e observação da presença de depressão. Vinte mulheres participaram da pesquisa com idades variadas entre 18 e 41 anos, das quais dez estavam grávidas e dez estavam encarceradas com seus filhos. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos para a produção dos dados: a entrevista semiestruturada e o teste de depressão de Beck (BDI-II). Buscou-se compreender o sofrimento dessas mulheres causado pela prisão durante e após a gestação, o momento de separação dos filhos e o elevado índice de depressão no seio dessa população. A análise dos resultados indicou que a prisão causa sofrimento, dor, raiva, tristeza, humilhação e um elevado índice de depressão grave nas mulheres grávidas e nas que vivem com os filhos na prisão, por estarem impotentes e dependentes da prisão, e que a separação dos filhos deixa em estado de choque devido à incerteza de uma boa continuidade no tratamento dos filhos, além do medo de serem por eles esquecidas. O apoio da família é um fator fundamental na vida destas mulheres, pois o abandono familiar aumenta o seu sofrimento. A presença do companheiro também foi um fator primordial, que lhes trazia respeito perante as outras reclusas, aumentando sua autoestima. Todas as mulheres disseram que o ambiente prisional é enlouquecedor, cheio de falsidade e hipocrisia, e que a melhor forma de suportar a situação é permanecer isolada, obedecer ordens e não falar da vida dos outros

<p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka kvinnors attityder till fängelsevistelsen. Forskning kring kvinnors kriminalitet och fängelsevistelse är mycket bristfällig både internationellt och nationellt. Tidigare forskning utgår främst ifrån män och deras kriminalitet, vilket blivit normgivande för synen på brottslingar och kriminalvårdens uppbyggnad. Studien inriktades på kvinnliga interners attityd till fängelsemiljö, kommunikation och upplevelse av stämpling under fängelsevistelsen. 256 interner var vid tillfället placerade på olika anstalter i Sverige. Alla erbjöds delta enligt etiska rådets principer. Enkäter med frågor och påståenden på en 5-gradig ordinalskala skickades till samtliga anstalter, varav 76 ifyllda enkäter returnerades. Svaren skiljde sig åt beroende på anstalt och om man befann sig på en öppen eller sluten avdelning. Slutresultaten visade att flertalet hade en relativt positiv attityd till fängelsevistelsen.</p> / <p>The aim of this study was to examine women’s attitudes to their stay in prison. Research about women and crime is insufficient, both nationally and internationally. Previous research concentrates on men and their crimes, and this has created the standard within the correctional system. The current study concentrates on women’s attitudes to the prison environment, communication and the experiences of conspiracies. 256 Swedish female inmates were in prison at the time the study was in progress. Each of them was invited to participate in accordance with the guidelines of the Ethical Council. Questionnaires with statements and questions using a five-point ordinal-scale were sent out to all prisons resulting in the return of 76 questionnaires. The results differed depending on the institution where the prison sentences were served and whether or not it was a high- or low security prison. The final result revealed that women in Swedish penal institutions have a relatively positive attitude to their imprisonment.</p>

Syftet med studien var att undersöka kvinnors attityder till fängelsevistelsen. Forskning kring kvinnors kriminalitet och fängelsevistelse är mycket bristfällig både internationellt och nationellt. Tidigare forskning utgår främst ifrån män och deras kriminalitet, vilket blivit normgivande för synen på brottslingar och kriminalvårdens uppbyggnad. Studien inriktades på kvinnliga interners attityd till fängelsemiljö, kommunikation och upplevelse av stämpling under fängelsevistelsen. 256 interner var vid tillfället placerade på olika anstalter i Sverige. Alla erbjöds delta enligt etiska rådets principer. Enkäter med frågor och påståenden på en 5-gradig ordinalskala skickades till samtliga anstalter, varav 76 ifyllda enkäter returnerades. Svaren skiljde sig åt beroende på anstalt och om man befann sig på en öppen eller sluten avdelning. Slutresultaten visade att flertalet hade en relativt positiv attityd till fängelsevistelsen. / The aim of this study was to examine women’s attitudes to their stay in prison. Research about women and crime is insufficient, both nationally and internationally. Previous research concentrates on men and their crimes, and this has created the standard within the correctional system. The current study concentrates on women’s attitudes to the prison environment, communication and the experiences of conspiracies. 256 Swedish female inmates were in prison at the time the study was in progress. Each of them was invited to participate in accordance with the guidelines of the Ethical Council. Questionnaires with statements and questions using a five-point ordinal-scale were sent out to all prisons resulting in the return of 76 questionnaires. The results differed depending on the institution where the prison sentences were served and whether or not it was a high- or low security prison. The final result revealed that women in Swedish penal institutions have a relatively positive attitude to their imprisonment.

Les agents des services correctionnels sont appelés à travailler et à intervenir quotidiennement auprès des individus incarcérés et se trouvent au cœur du fonctionnement des établissements de détention provinciaux du Québec. Leurs pratiques disciplinaires envers les individus incarcérés étaient auparavant considérées comme arbitraires et prenaient place dans un milieu défini comme autonome, autosuffisant, fermé sur l’extérieur et ne nécessitant pas le support de la société (Goffman, 1961). Les dernières décennies ont apporté de nombreux changements, tels la reconnaissance des droits des individus incarcérés, l’ouverture du milieu carcéral sur la société ou encore la normalisation des conditions de détention. A ceux-ci se sont ajoutés la Loi sur le système correctionnel du Québec et son Règlement d’application qui vient régir le processus disciplinaire. L’objet de cette recherche vise la compréhension des pratiques des agents correctionnels en matière de poursuites disciplinaires suite à ces changements. Cette étude vise également à comprendre les éléments venant influencer la décision, par un agent correctionnel, de dresser un rapport disciplinaire. Nos résultats se divisent en deux volets. Le premier suggère que le droit disciplinaire est une question d’équilibre carcéral. Les agents correctionnels, ayant la mission de maintenir la sécurité et l’ordre au sein du milieu carcéral, prennent également part à la mission de réinsertion sociale des individus incarcérés. Les agents doivent moduler leurs pratiques disciplinaires selon des éléments administratifs et institutionnels, tout en entretenant une relation avec les individus incarcérés basée sur la négociation et le marchandage. Le deuxième suggère que le droit disciplinaire est une question de pouvoir. En effet, malgré l’encadrement des établissements carcéraux par des textes légaux, les agents correctionnels détiennent un pouvoir discrétionnaire reconnu et accepté dans l’application de la discipline. / The correctional officers are at the hearth of the operation of provincial correctional facilities in Quebec as they are required to work and respond every day to individuals incarcerated in prisons. Their disciplinary practices towards incarcerated individuals were previously considered as arbitrary and took place in an environment defined as autonomous, self-sufficient, closed to the outside and that didn’t require the support of society (Gofmann, 1961). The last decades have brought many changes, such as the recognition of the rights of incarcerated individuals, the opening of the prison environment, the standardization of the detention conditions as well as the introduction of the Act respecting the Quebec Correctional System and the Regulations under the Act respecting the Quebec Correctional System, that regulate the disciplinary process. The interest of this research is the understanding of the practices of correctional officers in disciplinary proceedings following these changes. This study also aims the understanding of what influences the decision, by a correctional officer, to write a disciplinary report. Our results are divided in two aspects. The first suggests that the disciplinary practices are about power. Indeed, despite the supervision of prisons by legal texts, correctional officers have a discretionary power towards the application of discipline that is recognized and accepted. Secondly, the disciplinary practices are set in a certain balance of the prison regime. Correctional officers have the mission to maintain security and order within the prison. They also take part in the mission of social reintegration of incarcerated individuals. They must adjust their disciplinary practices according to administrative and institutional elements, while maintaining a relationship with incarcerated individuals based on negotiation and bargaining.

No description available.