A presente dissertação tem por escopo traçar os contornos do regime de responsabilidade do cotista de fundo de investimento em participações FIP. Para tanto, serão analisados os aspectos históricos, a natureza jurídica e a forma como os fundos de investimento são estruturados no direito brasileiro, com foco no fundo de investimento em participações. Tendo em vista que o FIP pode assumir posição de controlador de companhia na qual realiza investimento,a dissertação também trata, de forma sucinta, da estrutura do poder de controle, da identificação do acionista controlador e das hipóteses de sua responsabilização. Na sequência, são apontadas as hipóteses de responsabilização direta e indireta dos cotistas de fundos de investimento em participações. A pesquisa busca demonstrar que o cotista do FIP, em razão da responsabilidade subsidiária decorrente da obrigação de arcar com o patrimônio negativo do fundo, está sujeito a responsabilidade indireta incompatível com o seu papel de investidor. Por fim, aponta-se uma possível solução para o problema da responsabilidade do cotista do FIP. / The scope of this thesis is to describe the outlines of the quotaholders liability on a Fundo de Investimento em Participações FIP (Brazilian Private Equity Fund). Therefore, will be analyzed the historical aspects, legal nature and the way investment funds are structured in the Brazilian law, focusing on the Fundo de Investimento em Participações. Considering the fact that the FIP can fulfill the position controlling shareholder on invested companies, this dissertation also approaches, succinctly, the control power structure, the controlling shareholders identification and the hypothesis of its liability. In sequence, the hypothesis of quotaholders direct and indirect liability on Fundo de Investimento em Participações are appointed. The research pursuits to demonstrate that the FIP quotaholder, due to the subsidiary liability arising from the obligation to bear the negative net equity of the fund, is susceptible to an indirect liability, incompatible with its role as a mere investor. Finally, a possible solution to the problem of the FIP quotaholder liability is presented.

At the beginning of the 21st century the public interest in environmental and social sustainability, and corporate governance grew exponentially fuelled by recurring ecological and financial crises. The market demand for cleaner production and corporate transparency created opportunities for sustainability entrepreneurs in a variety of industries, including financial markets and investment management. An increasing number of financial institutions across the world now offer ethical or socially responsible products to meet the environmental, social and governance (ESG) aspirations of their clients. In the US, according to the Social Investment Forum (SIF), responsible investment (RI) assets reached US$ 2,29 trillion in 2007 (Mitchell, 2008). The European Sustainable Investment Forum (EuroSIF) estimated that total European SRI assets reached EUR 5 trillion in 2009 (Wheelan, 2010). In June 2011 the International Finance Corporation (IFC) reported that at the end of 2010 professional sustainable investment under management in South Africa approximately equalled US$ 122,6 billion (IFC, 2011:44). The statistics describing the rapid growth in the ESG-type investments are, however, complicated by the variety of names and definitions used to describe this emerging type of investment and a general market uncertainty about what constitutes the practice of RI. The purpose of this case study is to better understand responsible investment principles and practice as seen through the eyes of a South African private equity fund, which specializes in clean technology.

Idag finns det cirka en halv miljon bostäder från miljonprogrammet som är i behov av renovering och modernisering. Bostadsföretagen som äger dessa fastigheter har problem med att finansiera renoveringen som krävs för att höja standarden och förlänga livslängden på fastigheterna. Denna uppsats handlar om hur direktägande fastighetsfonder kan fungera som ett alternativ till finansieringen av renoveringen av miljonprogrammet. Fördelen med att använda direktägande fastighetsfonder som finansiellt verktyg till upprustningen av miljonprogrammet är att kapitalet kan hämtas från den privata sektorn och beroendet av en stark finansiär minskas. Genom fondstrukturen skapas möjligheter för ett mindre sparande i bostadsfastigheter och gör marknaden för potentiella investerare större. Uppsatsen behandlar två områden i Stockholm och är belägna Rinkeby- Kista och Skarpnäck. Med hjälp av räkneexempel på en fiktiv fastighet utplacerad i dessa två områden har det visat sig att det kan vara lönsamt ur en investerares perspektiv som vill köpa andelar i fastighetsfonden som används i denna uppsats. Exempelvis får en fondinvesterare 9,1 % per år i Skarpnäck. Med en upprustning av miljonprogrammet tillkommer kostnader för renovering samt hyresökningar. Uppsatsen redovisar vilka kostnader en renovering medför för att uppnå modern standard samt vilka konsekvenser som moderniseringen har på hyresnivån. På grund av en ökad hyresnivå behandlar uppsatsen även frågan om hyresgästerna kommer att ha råd med de nya hyrorna. / There are approximately half a million apartments of the building initiative from the 1970’s called “miljonprogrammet” that are in need of major renovation and development into modernized standard. The real estate companies that own these properties have difficulties in funding the required amount of capital in order to achieve the goals of higher standards and extending the life length of the properties. This essay investigates the possibility of real estate private equity funds as a financial solution to the issue. The benefits of using real estate private equity funds as a financial solution to the renovation and development issue is that equity may be raised by using the private market and the dependence of one powerful financial investor decreases. As the fund structure being as it is, opportunities for savings in smaller amounts are created, which expands the market of possible investors. The essay investigates two areas in Stockholm that are located in Rinkeby-Kista and Skarpnäck. By using calculations containing a fictive property placed in the two areas, it has been proved that investing in a real estate private equity fund, created for the purpose of this essay, could be profitable for small-scale investors. The average annual return, which is gained when investing in the fund, is 9,1 % in Skarpnäck. As a consequence of developing ”miljonprogrammet”, rents are increased in order to cover some of the renovation costs and to fit new standards of the properties. The essay also explores the details of the renovation costs and what level the new rents will be at. Analysis will also be performed whether the tenants will be able to afford the increased rents.

Submitted by Rafael Sach ferreira (rafaelsach@gmail.com) on 2017-07-03T21:29:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rafael Sach Ferreira - Mestrado Profissional em Economia e Finanças Corporativas.pdf: 1638024 bytes, checksum: d94bf2bf6b0a3636c963b1c8de5aa47f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by GILSON ROCHA MIRANDA (gilson.miranda@fgv.br) on 2017-07-18T13:59:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rafael Sach Ferreira - Mestrado Profissional em Economia e Finanças Corporativas.pdf: 1638024 bytes, checksum: d94bf2bf6b0a3636c963b1c8de5aa47f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-20T20:02:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rafael Sach Ferreira - Mestrado Profissional em Economia e Finanças Corporativas.pdf: 1638024 bytes, checksum: d94bf2bf6b0a3636c963b1c8de5aa47f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / Private Equity investment, which has re-emerged in Brazil in 2005, appears as an alternative to diversify pension fund investments However, for this investment modality to be consolidated, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the Private Equity industry in the last years. The method used to perform this evaluation was the DuPont System, that acts as a search technique that helps locate the key areas responsible for the company's financial performance. The results showed clear financial and operational differences between the groups of companies that were already disinvested by PEIF and those that are still part of the portfolio. In the first group, approximately 71.42% of the companies had a positive net margin and a stable financial leverage multiplier of around 2.0 times for at least three years before the disinvestment, generating positive impacts on the accumulated results of ROA (Return on Assets) and ROE (Return on Equity) profitability indicators calculated by the System DuPont. From this data analysis it will be possible, for instance, to determine standards that will help managers to satisfactorily complete the divestment process in the companies that are still part of the portfolio. The analysis of the companies already divested in relation to the results obtained and the way they were constructed allows us to conclude that the investment in Private Equity can be an alternative to diversify portfolio of investments, as well as reduce the concentration in segments of variable income and fixed income. / O investimento em Private Equity, que ressurgiu no Brasil em 2005, aparece como uma alternativa para diversificação dos investimentos dos fundos de pensão. No entanto, para que essa modalidade de investimento se consolide, é preciso avaliar o desempenho da indústria de Private Equity nos últimos anos. O método utilizado para realizar esta avaliação foi Sistema DuPont, funcionando como uma técnica de busca que ajuda a localizar as áreas-chaves responsáveis pelo desempenho financeiro da empresa. Os resultados apontaram claras diferenças financeiras e operacionais entre os grupos de empresas que já foram desinvestidas pelos FIP e aquelas que ainda fazem parte da carteira. No primeiro grupo, aproximadamente 71,42% das empresas obtiveram margem líquida positiva e multiplicador de alavancagem financeira estável em torno de 2 vezes durante, pelo menos, três anos antes do desinvestimento, gerando impactos positivos nos resultados acumulados dos indicadores de rentabilidade ROA (Return on Assets, em inglês) e ROE (Return on Equity, em inglês) calculados pelo Sistema DuPont. A partir da análise desses dados, será possível, por exemplo, determinar padrões que auxiliem os gestores a completar de maneira satisfatória o desinvestimento nas empresas que ainda fazem parte da carteira. A análise das empresas já desinvestidas, em relação aos resultados obtidos e a maneira como eles foram construídos nos permite concluir que o investimento em Private Equity pode ser sim uma alternativa para diversificar a carteira de investimentos e reduzir a concentração em segmentos de renda variável e renda fixa.