Cette thèse examine différents facteurs ayant permis la reconfiguration de la sphère privée/domestique, considérée comme le domaine non-politique de la famille et de l’intime, en objet crucial de débat politique et en lieu d’action politique légitime dans l’après-seconde guerre mondiale (1945-1973).Au cœur du processus, trois phénomènes majeurs : la militarisation de l’espace civil privé, la résurgence de l’idéal du « foyer chrétien » dans un climat moraliste et familialiste et la valorisation du foyer consumériste, « centre de la liberté », où se jouait la défense du système capitaliste dans le conflit idéologique opposant les États-Unis à l’U.R.S.S. Durant cette période, l’articulation privé-public s’est vue renégociée, à la faveur du phénomène de politisation du privé et du surcroît de légitimité accordé aux enjeux associés à ce domaine et, par extension, aux femmes censées en garantir l’intégrité. Trois études de cas, s’appuyant sur de riches sources archivistiques jusqu’ici largement inexploitées, permettent de prendre la pleine mesure de cette renégociation et de rendre compte de l’adoption de nouvelles formes de pratiques politiques à domicile (‘kitchen-table activism’) par un grand nombre de femmes blanches des classes moyennes-supérieures. Ce mode d’activisme, réconciliant vie domestique, sociabilité féminine et engagement militant, fut mis au service tant des organisations féminines progressistes et conservatrices que des ‘Women’s Divisions’ des partis politiques. Dans quelle mesure son expansion reflétait-t-elle la politisation de ses adeptes et la hausse de leur participation politique durant une période de latence du mouvement féministe ? Leur engagement en marge de la sphère institutionnelle s’est-il accompagné d’un accroissement de leur représentation en politique ? Ou la période a-t-elle vu, au contraire, leur avancée dans ce champ retardée en raison de cette mobilisation fondée sur une vision traditionnelle des femmes et des relations de genre ? / This thesis examines various factors that have led to the reconfiguration of the private / domestic sphere, considered as the non-political domain of the family and the intimate, as a crucial subject for political debate and as a legitimate place of political action in the aftermath At the heart of the process were three major phenomena: the militarization of private civil space, the resurgence of the ideal of the "Christian home" in a moralist and familialist climate, and the valorization of the home Consumerism, the "center of freedom", where the defense of the capitalist system was played out in the ideological conflict between the United States and the USSR During this period, the private-public articulation was renegotiated, thanks to the phenomenon of politicization of the private sector and the additional legitimacy granted to the stakes associated with this domain and, by extension, to the women who are supposed to guarantee the integrity . Three case studies, based on rich archival sources that have so far been largely untapped, make it possible to take full account of this renegotiation and to account for the adoption of new forms of policy-making at home ('kitchen-table activism ') By ​​a large number of white women of the middle-upper classes. This mode of activism, reconciling domestic life, feminine sociability and militant commitment, was put to the service of progressive and conservative women's organizations as well as women's divisions of political parties. To what extent did its expansion reflect the politicization of its followers and the rise of their political participation during a latent period of the feminist movement ? Have their involvement in the margins of the institutional sphere been accompanied by an increase in their representation in politics ? Or did the period, on the contrary, see their advance in this delayed field because of this mobilization based on a traditional view of women and gender relations ?

The main target of the work is to extend our current knowledge concerning history of the Czechoslovak Ocean Shipping company during the period from the company's founding in 1959 until year 1989. The main basis for this task fulfillment there are interviews with former Czechoslovak sailors realized with help of the oral history method. Beside this, the paper is supported also by archive materials. The text reflects certain specificity of the topic (maritime business running in the inland country, in addition country ruled by non-democratic regime) and it aims to the company's history; but its main part is concentrated on the sailors' living conditions. It processes direct testimonies about sailors' life and work on Czechoslovak ships; there are included topics as travelling, emigration, direct experience with communist regime on ships, private life of sailors, and their father and husband role. The author does not propose definite conclusions; her effort is aimed to see the topic from various points of view. Sailors are not portrayed as exceptional people but as men whose meaning of life was work on the sea. And this fact principally influenced their lives as well as lives of their families.

In the digital era, e-commerce has gained significant traction, displacing traditional brick-and-mortar stores. However, this transition has raised concerns among consumers regarding e-privacy and e-security. Disclosing personal information on public e-commerce platforms exposes individuals to potential risks, such as data breaches. It is crucial to address and understand these concerns to foster consumer trust and ensure the sustained growth and success of e-commerce. Therefore, this research employs a qualitative deductive approach which is valuable in achieving the purpose of this paper, in exploring consumers' concerns in e-commerce when the private goes public. Thus, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight (8) participants to ensure the gathering of in-depth information.  The key findings of this study emphasise that despite their concerns, consumers continue to engage in e-commerce due to its convenience. Trust in reputable e-commerce platforms is critical in alleviating privacy concerns. Individual knowledge and past experiences shape consumers' concerns, highlighting the significance of utilising trusted platforms and third-party payment methods. However, there remains a lingering caution stemming from potential hidden costs and fears of data misuse. The study underlines the importance for businesses to prioritise privacy and security measures, enhance transparency, and build trust. Additionally, it recommends implementing more explicit privacy policies and increasing consumer education on these matters.

No description available.

Submitted by Karen Britto (karenbritto@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T12:53:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinicius Dalagostini Bidarte - 2018.pdf: 1471983 bytes, checksum: 1049f6daa5737dea5e41ceed588c0d25 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T12:53:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinicius Dalagostini Bidarte - 2018.pdf: 1471983 bytes, checksum: 1049f6daa5737dea5e41ceed588c0d25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-21 / A elaboração deste estudo foi orientada pelo objetivo de investigar quem são os sujeitos que abandonaram funções remuneradas no mercado de trabalho para o exercício da profissão do lar, analisando as principais razões para tal atitude e suas implicações para as questões de gênero, domésticas e familiares. Metodologicamente, o estudo caracteriza-se como descritivoexploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado utilizando o método história oral temática. Para a seleção dos sujeitos, utilizou-se a técnica bola de neve, sendo o cenário da investigação limitado, inicialmente, à cidade gaúcha de Santana do Livramento-Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com treze profissionais do lar, sendo nove mulheres e quatro homens, entre os meses de agosto e outubro de 2017, com duração média de 1h cada. Os dados foram examinados através da análise textual discursiva. Os resultados revelam que as razões pelas quais os entrevistados abandonaram permanente ou temporariamente o mercado de trabalho, classificadas em ordem de importância decrescente, foram: filhos pequenos, desemprego, familiar idoso e/ou doente, marido, aborrecimentos no emprego, mudança de cidade, sentimento de saudade da família, dupla jornada de trabalho e elevado custo de vida na capital. Essas razões se distinguem entre os entrevistados pela idade, pelas situações sociais e conjugais, pelo contexto econômico, pela escolaridade e pelas relações de trabalho. Ao desagregar as principais razões por imposição/escolha e por gênero, verificou-se o seguinte: mulheres (imposição: desemprego, marido; escolha: maternidade, filhos pequenos), homens (imposição: desemprego; escolha: mudança de cidade). Esses resultados revelam que os homens e as mulheres entrevistadas abandonaram o mercado de trabalho por razões completamente distintas, possuindo, apenas, como razão comum o desemprego. Constatou-se que os homens e as mulheres entrevistadas realizam os mesmos afazeres domésticos, no entanto, no âmbito doméstico e familiar, elas enfrentam dificuldade em compartilhar esses afazeres com seus maridos e/ou com seus filhos do sexo masculino. Os afazeres domésticos consomem muita energia e grande parte do tempo dos entrevistados, sendo maior para elas (4,6 horas diárias; 32,2 horas semanais) do que para eles (3,6 horas diárias; 25,2 horas semanais), e caracterizam-se pela fragmentação, multiplicidade e simultaneidade. Além do sexo, a cor, a escolaridade, o rendimento mensal familiar, o tipo de arranjo familiar, o número e a idade dos filhos e a presença de aparelhos eletrodomésticos constituem variáveis que impactam diretamente sobre a distribuição do tempo dedicado à realização de afazeres domésticos na esfera privada, revelando desigualdades de gênero. O trabalho doméstico é percebido pelos entrevistados, especialmente mulheres, como uma atividade não remunerada, invisível e desvalorizada na esfera privada, tanto pela família quanto pela sociedade. As razões para isso estão profundamente relacionadas com o papel da mulher fundamentado na sociedade patriarcal e com a noção de trabalho elaborada pelo sistema capitalista. É importante, e por isso se faz necessário, pensar em formas de valorizar o trabalho doméstico não remunerado na sociedade brasileira, sendo uma delas a contabilização dos afazeres domésticos no Produto Interno Bruto, por meio da construção de contas-satélites. Enquanto as pesquisas nacionais oficiais continuarem adotando uma visão de trabalho capitalista, o trabalho doméstico e quem o realiza, principalmente as mulheres, continuarão desvalorizados e invisíveis nas esferas privada e social. / The purpose of this study was to investigate who are the subjects who left paid jobs in the labor market in order to become household professionals, by analyzing the main reasons for such an attitude and its implications for gender, domestic and family issues. Methodologically, this study is characterized as descriptive-exploratory, with a qualitative approach, and it is carried out by using the thematic oral history method. In order to select its subjects, this study used the snowball sampling, and the research scenario was initially limited to the city of Santana do Livramento, Brazil. Data were collected between the months of August and October 2017, through semi-structured interviews, with an average duration of 1 hour each, carried out with thirteen household professionals, of whom nine were women, and four were men. Data were examined through discursive textual analysis. Classified in order of decreasing importance, the results reveal that the reasons why the interviewees abandoned permanently or temporarily the labor market were: small children, unemployment, elderly and/or ill relative, husband, job hassle, city changing, the feeling of homesickness, doubled working hours and the high cost of living in the capital. These reasons differ among the interviewees by age, by social and marital situations, by the economic context, by levels of education and by the working relationships. By disaggregating the main reasons as imposition/choice and by gender, the following information were observed: women (imposition: unemployment, husband; choice: maternity, small children), men (imposition: unemployment; choice: city change). These results reveal that the men and women interviewed left the labor market because of completely different reasons – only having unemployment as a common feature. It was found that the men and the women interviewed execute the same household chores, however, in the domestic and familiar spheres, them (the women) face more difficulties in sharing these chores with their husbands and/or with their male children. Household chores consume a great deal energy and a great part of the time of the interviewees – being greater for the women (4.6 hours a day, 32.2 hours a week) than for the men (3.6 hours a day, 25.2 hours a week) and are characterized by fragmentation, multiplicity and simultaneity. Beyond the gender, color, level of education, the family monthly income, the family type of arrangement, the age and the number of children and the presence of household appliances consist in variables that directly affect the distribution of time dedicated to do the household chores in the private sphere, revealing gender inequalities. Domestic work is perceived, by the interviewees, especially the women, as an unpaid, invisible and devalued activity of the private sphere, both by their families and by society. The reasons for this situation are deeply related to the role played by the woman, which is based on a patriarchal society and on the notion of work elaborated by the capitalist system. It is important, therefore, to think about ways of valuing the unpaid household chores in the Brazilian society, one of which is the accounting of domestic chores in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) through the construction of satellite accounts. As long as official national research continues to adopt a capitalist vision of work, the domestic work, and whoever does it, especially women, will remain devalued and invisible in the private and in the social spheres.

<p>U radu su istražene transformacije gradskog bloka tokom XX i početkom XXI veka. U cilju razumevanja ovih procesa i načina na koji arhitektonski sklopovi predstavljaju određene socijalne, društvene vrednosti kroz prostor, proučeni su različiti aspekti tih odnosa kao što su veze između određenih arhitektonskih i urbanističkih modela i društvenih okolnosti u kojima nastaju, kao i veze određenih modela življenja i prostornih sklopova kroz njihove uzore i tehnike nastajanja. Razumevanje odnosa između različitih prostornih nivoa, na vrstu i prirodu tranzicije između javnog, privatnog i kolektivnog, gde se gradski blok i njegove transformacije pojavljuju kao glavno mesto, polje tih odnosa čini značajan deo ovog rada.</p> / <p>This thesis explores the transformation of a urban block in the XX and at beginning XXI century. In order to understand these processes and the ways in which architectural assemblies represent certain social values through space, this thesis explores and identifies various aspects of these relations as links between specific architectural and urban models and social circumstances in which they occur, it also define relationship between certain models of living and spatial configarations through their ideals and techniques of becoming. Understanding the relationships between different spatial levels, the type and nature of the transition between the public, private and collective, where transformations of urban block apperes as the main place of these relationships is also important part of this thesis.</p>

This thesis investigates the affects of the French Revolution of 1789 and the Mexican Revolution of 1910 on gender roles in their respective societies. Women that contributed to political discourse challenged separations of public and private spheres, which dictated order in the late and postrevolutionary periods of France and Mexico. Given the deliberate acts by both postrevolutionary governments to send women to the periphery of their respective societies, it is vital to revisit the examples of female influence that shaped the early French and Mexican Revolutions. The understanding that comes from a detailed analysis of the parameters of gendered spaces before, during, and after revolution sheds light on the relationships between order and gender that determined the future of women in their respective postrevolutionary worlds.

<p>Projektanställningen är en av de atypiska anställningsformer som faller under begreppet tidsbegränsade anställningar och anses vara den mest gynnade gruppen inom samlingsnamnet. Genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie baserad på 8 djupintervjuer ämnar uppsatsen ge en ökad bild av intervjupersonernas upplevelser av hur arbetslivets sfär och den privata sfären kombineras och inverkar på varandra. Analysen utgår från en teoretisk referensram bestående av sociologerna Sennett, Giddens, Castells, Beck, Berger & Luckmann samt Bauman. Resultaten tyder på att arbetslivet har en starkt identitetsskapande effekt och att anknytningen till arbetet, de sociala relationerna i individernas kontaktnät, upplevs som starka. I studien framkommer att intervjupersonerna som under lång tid arbetat som projektanställda inom mediebranschen upplever arbetet som givande, intressant och möjlighetsskapande. Dessutom identifieras en upplevd trygghet i de kontaktnät som intervjupersonerna skapat i arbetslivet, vilka prioriteras framför relationer i den privata sfären. Kontaktnäten har en arbetsgenererande funktion som kräver stort engagemang och ett ständigt underhåll för att bibehållas. För intervjupersonerna går den rörliga anställningsformen hand i hand med en ambulerande och flexibel livsstil och arbetets och den privata sfärens ramar visar sig bli allt otydligare liksom föreställningen om var gränserna mellan sfärerna går.</p> / <p>Project work is one of the atypical contracts that fall under the concept of temporary jobs and is considered the most privileged group in the name of the collection. Through a qualitative interview study with 8 project employees the paper will provide a better picture of the interview subject’s experiences of how <em>working life</em> and <em>private sphere</em> are combined and affect each other. The analysis is grounded in a theoretical framework based on the theories of the sociologists Sennett, Giddens, Castells, Berger & Luckmann, Beck and Bauman. The results suggest that the labour is strongly related to the interviewees’ conception of their identity, the attachment to the work and social relations that are related to the workplace is perceived as strong. The project employees consider their work as being rewarding, interesting and creative in the way that it creates opportunities, which are an explanation to why the interviewees have chosen to work as project employees for a long period of time. It’s also identified that the interviewees’ network of business contacts provides a form of security and feeling of safety. The networks have a work-generating function, which requires a great deal of commitment and a constant continuation to be maintained. For the interviewees the variable form of employment goes hand in hand with an ambulant and flexible lifestyle and the boundaries between the work life and the private spheres is becoming more diffuse.</p>

Projektanställningen är en av de atypiska anställningsformer som faller under begreppet tidsbegränsade anställningar och anses vara den mest gynnade gruppen inom samlingsnamnet. Genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie baserad på 8 djupintervjuer ämnar uppsatsen ge en ökad bild av intervjupersonernas upplevelser av hur arbetslivets sfär och den privata sfären kombineras och inverkar på varandra. Analysen utgår från en teoretisk referensram bestående av sociologerna Sennett, Giddens, Castells, Beck, Berger &amp; Luckmann samt Bauman. Resultaten tyder på att arbetslivet har en starkt identitetsskapande effekt och att anknytningen till arbetet, de sociala relationerna i individernas kontaktnät, upplevs som starka. I studien framkommer att intervjupersonerna som under lång tid arbetat som projektanställda inom mediebranschen upplever arbetet som givande, intressant och möjlighetsskapande. Dessutom identifieras en upplevd trygghet i de kontaktnät som intervjupersonerna skapat i arbetslivet, vilka prioriteras framför relationer i den privata sfären. Kontaktnäten har en arbetsgenererande funktion som kräver stort engagemang och ett ständigt underhåll för att bibehållas. För intervjupersonerna går den rörliga anställningsformen hand i hand med en ambulerande och flexibel livsstil och arbetets och den privata sfärens ramar visar sig bli allt otydligare liksom föreställningen om var gränserna mellan sfärerna går. / Project work is one of the atypical contracts that fall under the concept of temporary jobs and is considered the most privileged group in the name of the collection. Through a qualitative interview study with 8 project employees the paper will provide a better picture of the interview subject’s experiences of how working life and private sphere are combined and affect each other. The analysis is grounded in a theoretical framework based on the theories of the sociologists Sennett, Giddens, Castells, Berger &amp; Luckmann, Beck and Bauman. The results suggest that the labour is strongly related to the interviewees’ conception of their identity, the attachment to the work and social relations that are related to the workplace is perceived as strong. The project employees consider their work as being rewarding, interesting and creative in the way that it creates opportunities, which are an explanation to why the interviewees have chosen to work as project employees for a long period of time. It’s also identified that the interviewees’ network of business contacts provides a form of security and feeling of safety. The networks have a work-generating function, which requires a great deal of commitment and a constant continuation to be maintained. For the interviewees the variable form of employment goes hand in hand with an ambulant and flexible lifestyle and the boundaries between the work life and the private spheres is becoming more diffuse.

This study is an attempt for providing a socio-historical perspective to the smart home concept that is a proposal for the future domestic sphere by the application of intelligent technologies. For achieving this attempt, the smart home is investigated with its roots within the social history of domestic technology, by posing the question of a relation between the machine house idea of modern architecture and the smart home concept as the main question of the research. After an inquiry on the smart home concept and on the future private sphere that is envisaged within it, the emergence of modern private sphere, the transformation of private sphere under the impacts of industrialization, the appearance and the social consequences of the machine house idea, the introduction of mass produced appliances to the home and the impacts of it on private sphere, the development of communication and information technologies and their domestication processes are investigated. The coconstructive relationship of technology with the private sphere is pursued throughout this investigation. The research questions of the study are answered in the light of the gained knowledge and critical perspective throughout the investigations. At the end, it is revealed that the smart home has conceptual, technical, and ideological constructive roots within the histories of the modern private sphere, modern architecture and design, and domestic communication and information technologies. It is discussed that these roots constitute the smart home as a domain of social reproduction, which also provides the ground for its conceptualization and promotion as the future domestic sphere.