This master's thesis explores the topic of guidance for the COBIT framework and ITIL library in the context of business process management. It encompasses various process modelling languages and diagrams for companies active in information and communication technologies. Through the selected ARIS tool set and the mapping of all 64 processes, the establishment of individual processes can now be achieved, which is explained by modelling a total of 101 diagrams. The thesis also contains an example of process deployment for a selected company, which is accompanied by an implementation of a dashboard application that monitors the ticket flow of service operation processes.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has the potential to become a technology which will help to use a holistic information repository to generate and represent relevant information in different building life-cycle stages (BLCS) to dedicated groups of stakeholders. However, the scope of model components of BIM data (e.g., IFC meta-data) is limited and some parts of it are not modelled in a manner that supports the diversity of engineering use cases. This paper aims to address this deficit by identifying the capability to formulate inference rules as one of the major benefits in the ontology-based information modelling approach. However, before one can formulate inferencing rules a detailed and in-depth understanding is required on how stakeholder information needs are defined in different BLCS and on how available, open-BIM meta-data models support these information requirements. Therefore, the research progressed initially on existing definitions for Level of Detail (LOD) and selected process-modelling standards (BLCS). In the subsequent part, different renovation Activities and the Stakeholder involvements are analysed. Use cases are defined and used as a grouping mechanism for selected scenarios. Based on these grouping mechanisms, a methodology of how components of a BIMmodel could be classified to support automated inferencing in the future. The outcome of this research is an established 6-dimensional intercommunication framework (LOD, BLS, Scenarios, Stakeholders, Use Cases, BIM model data) based on the Linked Building Data approach and focusing on renovation processes optimization. Based on the framework, a renovation Product-Process Modelling ontology is developed to connect existing components and to support new interoperable applications.:Abstract 1 Introduction and Backgroung 2 Renovation Framework 2.1 Level of Detail (LOD) 2.2 Building Life-Cycle Stage 2.3 Activity and Stakeholder 2.4 BIM Object (Product Information) 2.5 Use Cases 3 Product-Process Ontology 3.1 Activity – BIM Data – LOD 3.2 BLCS – Activity – Stakeholder 4 Validation 5 Conclusion 6 Future Work References

In der Geschäftsprozessmodellierung haben sich semiformale, grafische Darstellungen etabliert. Die Bezeichnung der Elemente in diesen Modellen ist dabei an betriebswirtschaftliche Fachtermini angelehnt und erfolgt mit Hilfe der natürlichen Sprache, die jedoch Interpretationsspielräume mit sich bringt. Die Semantik der einzelnen Modellelemente ist somit für Menschen und Maschinen nicht eindeutig interpretierbar. In der vorliegenden Dissertation erfolgt daher die Konzeption und Realisierung einer semantischen Prozessmodellierung, die die Verknüpfung der semiformalen Prozessmodellierung mit formalen Begriffssystemen (Ontologien) gestaltet und werkzeugtechnisch unterstützt. Durch diese Verknüpfung wird die Semantik der einzelnen Modellelemente um eine eindeutige und maschinell verarbeitbare Semantik erweitert. Hierdurch können die mit formalen Ontologien möglichen Schlussfolgerungen angewendet werden, um etwa bei der Suche in Modellbeständen oder der Korrektheitsprüfung genauere oder vollständigere Ergebnisse zu erhalten. Im Ergebnis werden somit die im Bereich der Informatik und Künstlichen Intelligenz etablierten Ansätze der Wissensrepräsentation, insbesondere der Beschreibungslogik, in die fachlichen Prozessmodellierung eingebettet. Die Erprobung des Konzepts erfolgt über eine prototypische Implementierung, die einerseits die technische Umsetzbarkeit zeigt, andererseits auch für ein Laborexperiment zur Evaluation genutzt wurde.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Rolle grafischer Prototypen bei der Gestaltung von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen untersucht. Diese grafischen Modellierungen von Gestaltungsentwürfen sollten den Aufbau mentaler Repräsentationen fördern und somit die Lösung von Gestaltungsproblemen unterstützen. Diese Annahme wird in zwei Experimenten überprüft. Die Erkenntnisse werden in die Methode zur prospektiven Gestaltung von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen integriert und in einer Fallstudie auf ihre Praktikabilität untersucht. Damit leistet die Arbeit einen Beitrag zur Untersuchung der Rolle von Visualisierungen in der Gestaltung von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen. Gestaltung von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen wird als partizipativer Problemlöseprozess betrachtet, der der integrierten Gestaltung sozialer und technischer Komponenten von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen dient. Zur Unterstützung der Gestaltung wird der Einsatz von Prototypen, Modellierungen der Gestaltungsproblemen und -entwürfen, diskutiert. In aktuellen Methoden zur Gestaltung von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen kommen unterschiedliche Prototypen zur Unterstützung der Gestaltungsaktivitäten Entwerfen (Konstruktion von Prototypen) und Evaluation (Kommunikation durch die Elaboration von Prototypen) zum Einsatz. Sowohl die Konstruktion als auch die Elaboration von Prototypen sollte den Aufbau mentaler Repräsentationen fördern (Neyer, Doll & Moeslein, 2008; Sachse, Hacker & Leinert, 1999; Smith & Browne, 1993). Dieser Aufbau mentaler Repräsentationen stellt eine zentrale Funktion von Prototypen dar, da angemessene Repräsentationen des Gestaltungsgegenstands als Voraussetzung für gute Gestaltung und für die Evaluation durch Beteiligte angesehen werden (Eason, Harker & Olphert, 1996; Novick & Hmelo, 1994; Sachse & Hacker, 1997). Welche Form von Prototypen dafür besser geeignet ist, wurde bislang nicht empirisch geprüft. Die Hauptfragestellungen dieser Arbeit beziehen sich auf den Effekt der Konstruktion von Prototypen sowie die Effekte der Konstruktion und Elaboration grafischer im Vergleich zu narrativen Prototypen auf mentale Repräsentationen. Diesen Fragestellungen wird in zwei Experimenten und einer Fallstudie im Anwendungsbereich der Gestaltung von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen nachgegangen. In dem ersten Experiment wurde die Unterstützung der Entwurfsphase, d.h. der Aufbau mentaler Repräsentationen durch die Konstruktion von Prototypen untersucht. Probanden konstruierten grafische oder narrative Prototypen eines Mensch-Maschine-Systems (Experimentalgruppen) oder rezipierten Informationen zum Mensch- Maschine-System (Kontrollgruppe). Die Konstruktion von Prototypen führte zu besseren mentalen Repräsentationen des Problemraums. Die Form der Prototypen beeinflusste die Güte der mentalen Repräsentationen nicht, jedoch wurde die grafische Modellierungsnotation besser bewertet. Im zweiten Experiment wurde die Funktion von grafischen und narrativen Prototypen für die Kommunikation von Gestaltungsvisionen untersucht. Die Fragestellung war, wie sich die Elaboration grafischer oder narrativer Prototypen auf die mentalen Repräsentationen, die zur Elaboration benötigte Zeit sowie die Bewertung der Modellierungsnotation auswirkt. Mit grafischen Prototypen konnten in kürzerer Zeit mentale Repräsentationen des Problemraums aufgebaut werden, die mehr Elemente enthielten als die narrativer Prototypen. Zudem wurden grafische Prototypen erneut besser bewertet. Darüber hinaus wurde die Funktion grafischer Prototypen in einer Fallstudie erprobt. Die Methode zur prospektiven Gestaltung von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen (Hamborg, Schulze & Sendfeld, 2007) wurde in dieser Arbeit weiterentwickelt und zur Einführung von Standardsoftware eingesetzt. Grafische Prototypen kamen in Kombination mit Gestaltungsheuristiken sowohl in der Entwurfs- als auch der Evaluationsphase zum Einsatz. Es zeigte sich, dass die Methode durchführbar und praktikabel ist und die Gestaltung unterstützt. Grafische Prototypen wurden dabei als verständlich und nützlich bewertet. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen, dass grafische Prototypen das Entwerfen und die Kommunikation von Gestaltungsentwürfen unterstützen, indem sie zum Aufbau mentaler Repräsentationen des Problemraums beitragen. Der Einsatz grafischer Prototypen erlaubt es z.B., die Folgen von Technologie- Einführungen im Vorfeld berücksichtigen zu können. Damit hat diese Arbeit über den reinen Erkenntnisgewinn hinaus einen praktischen Nutzen bei der Verbesserung der methodischen Unterstützung der Gestaltung von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen. In weiteren Untersuchungen sollten die vermuteten Effekte von Prototyping auf die Gestaltungsgüte empirisch adressiert werden und die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in quasiexperimentellen Studien repliziert werden.

This dissertation thesis is concerned with the diagnostics of the main production facilities in Czech power engineering with a focus on its integrating role in the process of gaining, saving and processing information for the purpose of evaluating the technical state of the operated facilities and the plan to manage their lifetime. It is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part presents the conclusions of examination of the needs of involved workers in the areas of diagnostics, maintenance and expert assessment of technical state of equipment. These conclusions were formulated based on the completed analysis of the current status ("as - is" analysis) of performing diagnostics of systems operated in the technological units of both nuclear and classical power engineering. The monitored equipment involves electrical installations and machinery, steel and building constructions, measuring instruments and vibrodiagnostics. Based on the analysis results, process diagrams are created for the solution of partial tasks. The analysis of the proposed solution for problems in question ("should - be" analysis) includes a design of the fundamental scheme of the data model for a software solution and a design of data flows from the individual data sources. The following part presents an application layer which includes a detailed description of major functionalities. Further, important activities and procedures are described that are necessary to evaluate the technical state of equipment. The practical part deals with the implementation of the LTO suite software product in the environment of power engineering in Czech Republic, specifically within ČEZ, a.s.. The LTO suite functionality is demonstrated in this part of the thesis by screens recorded within the LTO suite individual modules, which work above the actual data. It starts with the initial screen for configuration of displayed data, continues to present examples of the equipment register, planning, processing and saving of information collected through the diagnostic activities over to the module of integration – analytical layer, which is designed for evaluation of the technical state of equipment at the entered date with a reporting output. The thesis also includes the chapters on "Aims of the Study" and "Conclusion". The key chapter presents the "Benefits of the Study", whose overview describes the original results of the research as well as those applicable also outside the power engineering area.

Preem verkar inom drivmedelsbranschen som styrs av en mycket hög omsättning med förhållandevis små marginaler. Det är därför viktig med en väl fungerande lagerkontroll. Det man idag är ute efter är en ökad precision i lageruppföljningen och därmed behövs ett nytt systemstöd till detta. Jag fick i min roll hos Preem uppgiften att titta närmre på GUI och processerna bakom. Det resulterade i denna rapport med ett framtaget förslag på användargränssnittet till det nya systemet och dess affärsprocesser som är kopplat till detta. Arbetet fokuserar på hur de två framställs i förhållande till varandra och vilka metoder som används för att konstruera dessa. Arbetet inkluderar illustrationer av as-is och to-be processmodeller enligt BPMN specifikation, wireframes och en sitemap. Denna rapport visar ett förslag på ett sammanfört system och ett intuitivare GUI med nya processer bakom, för just Preem, och hur balansgången går mellan att skapa affärsprocesser och ett grafiskt användargränssnitt ur varandra, beroende av vilka som är involverade i projektet. / Preem is a Swedish company that operates in the oil industry, which is controlled by very high sales and with relatively small margins. It’s therefore essential with a well working stock control. Today they are looking for a better way of monitoring the stock with a higher precision and therefore they need a new system for that. My role at Preem was to take a closer look at the GUI and the processes behind that. It resulted in this thesis that includes the user interface for the new system and the business processes that are linked to this. The work will focus on how these two methods are produced in relation to each other, and the methods that are used to construct them. The thesis includes illustrations of as-is and to-be process models of the BPMN specification, wireframes and a sitemap. This report shows a proposal of an integrating system and an intuitive GUI with new processes, at Preem, and how the balance is between creating business processes and a graphical user interface out of each other, depending on the people who are involved in the project.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de concevoir une architecture de services Web pour la dé-termination automatique d’un système de capteurs personnalisé, embarqué sous forme de vêtement intelligent dédié au self-care, afin de permettre à tout utilisateur profane d'enregistrer lui-même son propre électrocardiogramme (ECG), à tout moment et n’importe où. Le défi principal réside dans l'orchestration intelligente et dynamique de services métiers en fonction du contexte, pour qu’ils fournissent à l'utilisateur une solution personnalisée optimale tout en maîtrisant la complexité inhérente à la dépendance au contexte des interactions homme-machine, à l'extraction des connaissances des signes vitaux spécifiques à un sujet, et à l'automatisation de la reconfiguration des services. Une solution à ce défi est de créer une intelligence ambiante qui étend la notion d'informatique ubiquitaire et est capable d’offrir à l’instar d’un expert du domaine, une assistance intelligente personnalisée à tout citoyen. Nous proposons une méthodologie de construction d'une architecture DM-SOA orientée-services, dirigée à la fois par les données et par des modèles, pour la production de services métiers intelligents et tenant compte du contexte. Cette architecture permet l’automatisation d’activités sophistiquées et personnalisées qu’un expert mettrait en œuvre pour le traitement d’un cas individuel, à partir de ses connaissances professionnelles. La solution proposée est basée sur une nouvelle approche de modélisation dynamique de processus métiers, et l’implémentation de services reconfigurables automatiquement. Elle consiste à mettre en œuvre un environnement intelligent fondé sur une ontologie de processus métiers des concepts du domaine et de son contexte, et sur une base de règles pour l'orchestration contextuelle des services. Pour valider le bien-fondé de notre approche, nous avons proposé une ontologie pour l’automatisation de processus d’aide à la décision et nous l’avons évaluée dans le domaine de la cardiologie, en l’appliquant au problème de la sélection la plus adéquate possible d’un système de positionnement d’électrodes, spécifique à chaque individu, et capable de fournir un signal ECG de contenu diagnostique similaire à celui d'un ECG standard à 12 dérivations. Pour répondre aux besoins en situation de self-care tout en préservant la qualité diagnostique des signaux enregistrés à la demande, nous proposons la réalisation d’un nouveau système prototype de capture ECG-3D à trois modalités. Ce prototype a été testé sur huit jeunes adultes volontaires sains (4 hommes et 4 femmes) présentant diverses caractéristiques morphologiques. L'intelligence ambiante est fournie par un ensemble de services de qualité professionnelle, prêts à l’emploi par des utilisateurs profanes. Ces services peuvent être accessibles au travail, n’importe où, via des moyens classiquement utilisés chaque jour, et fournissent une aide appropriée aux utilisateurs non-compétents. / The aim of the thesis is to design a web services architecture that shall support the automatic determination of a personalised sensor-system, which is embedded in smart garments, and which shall be used in self-care in order to allow a profane user to record himself a personal electrocardiogram (ECG), at anytime and anywhere. The main challenge consists in the intelligent and dynamic orchestration of context-aware business services that supply the user with an optimal personalised solution, while mastering the system’s complexity: context dependent user and system interactions, knowledge extraction from subject-specific vital signs, services reconfiguration automation. The solution to this challenge is to create an Ambient Intelligence which goes beyond Ubiquitous Computing and is capable to replace an expert by proposing an Intelligent Assistance to any citizen. We propose a methodology expressed in terms of Data and Model driven Service Oriented Architecture (DM-SOA), which provides a framework for the production of context-aware intelligent business services. This architecture supports the automation of sophisticated and personalised expert activities, which apply professional knowledge to process an individual case. The proposed solution is based on a new dynamic business process modelling approach and in its implementation via automatically reconfigurable services. It consists in setting-up an intelligent environment based on a business process ontology of context-aware concepts and on related context handling rules for services orchestration. A core-ontology has been designed to support the automation of expert activities related to decision-making. The soundness of the method and of the underlying decision-making techniques has been demonstrated in the cardiology domain for selecting the most adequate subject-specific sensor-system, characterised by its ability to yield for an ECG signal of similar diagnostic content than a standard 12-lead ECG. We propose the design of a new three modalities sensor-system prototype as a response to the need of sensor-systems used on demand in self-care situations and ensuring diagnostic quality signals recordings. This prototype has been tested on a set of healthy volunteers presenting various characteristics in age, sex and morphology. In this context, Ambient Intelligence is demonstrated as an ensemble of professional quality services ready to use by profane users. These services are accessible pervasively, trough the objects people work with / wear on / use each day, and provide an appropriate guidance to the non-competent users. Such an Ambient Intelligence approach strongly supports the vision of an Information Society which corresponds to the long-term goal of the EU Information Society Technologies Research Programme that aims to ease knowledge access. The future healthcare will benefit from this approach and will significantly improve patient care.

<p>When duties are documented, new ideas are often created regarding how the work should be carried out. Writing is an important source of development, but unfortunately the possibilities are limited when it comes to transferring new ways of thinking to personnel. As with organizational change in general, employees tend to neglect new instructions. On the basis of their personal ways of thinking, they might find that the new order is incorrect, requires more resources, lacks contact with reality, or cannot be understood. The people who have prepared the new directives think they are surely justified and easy to understand. In their eyes, those who stick to what used to be correct and reasonable seem resistant to change.</p><p>The aim of this dissertation is to understand the influence of self-assessment on service cognition and to propose how this influence can be utilized to attain strategic aims. The term self-assessment refers here to the activity whereby employees, in a structured manner, collectively assess and document their own instructions. The concept of service cognition refers to individual employee’s conceptions on how to carry out their own tasks, on how colleagues carry out theirs, and on connections between activities in the common workflow. The object of study is self-assessment as business process modeling at the local offices of the Swedish Employment Service.</p><p>What is explored is the crass but fruitful understanding that new ways of thinking more easily arise among those who define organizational design than among those who are expected to change. Using socio-cognitive theory as well as longitudinal and extensive action research, the reasons are investigated behind the inevitable development of units which are trusted to write their own instructions and, in so doing, start to talk about the way work is done. Despite the independence needed to coordinate by consensus, it seems that the collective mind thereby induced actually enhances opportunities for central control and change: Units designing their own routines surely become better coordinated, but also more controllable and adaptive to strategic change. Furthermore, some principles are presented to support self-assessment regarding organization and change.</p>

When duties are documented, new ideas are often created regarding how the work should be carried out. Writing is an important source of development, but unfortunately the possibilities are limited when it comes to transferring new ways of thinking to personnel. As with organizational change in general, employees tend to neglect new instructions. On the basis of their personal ways of thinking, they might find that the new order is incorrect, requires more resources, lacks contact with reality, or cannot be understood. The people who have prepared the new directives think they are surely justified and easy to understand. In their eyes, those who stick to what used to be correct and reasonable seem resistant to change. The aim of this dissertation is to understand the influence of self-assessment on service cognition and to propose how this influence can be utilized to attain strategic aims. The term self-assessment refers here to the activity whereby employees, in a structured manner, collectively assess and document their own instructions. The concept of service cognition refers to individual employee’s conceptions on how to carry out their own tasks, on how colleagues carry out theirs, and on connections between activities in the common workflow. The object of study is self-assessment as business process modeling at the local offices of the Swedish Employment Service. What is explored is the crass but fruitful understanding that new ways of thinking more easily arise among those who define organizational design than among those who are expected to change. Using socio-cognitive theory as well as longitudinal and extensive action research, the reasons are investigated behind the inevitable development of units which are trusted to write their own instructions and, in so doing, start to talk about the way work is done. Despite the independence needed to coordinate by consensus, it seems that the collective mind thereby induced actually enhances opportunities for central control and change: Units designing their own routines surely become better coordinated, but also more controllable and adaptive to strategic change. Furthermore, some principles are presented to support self-assessment regarding organization and change.

[EN] Renewing software systems is one of the most cost-effective ways to protect software investment, which saves time, money and ensures uninterrupted access to technical support and product upgrades. There are several motivations to promote investment and scientific effort for specifying systems by means of conceptual models and supporting its evolution. In order to contribute to the requirements engineering field with automated software production methods, we design TraceME to cover the spectrum of activities from requirements to code focusing on organisational evolution. In this sense, the spectrum of activities involves various information system perspectives of analysis that need to be integrated. In this complex setting, traceability and conceptual models are key concepts. Mechanisms to trace software specifications from requirements to code are important to justify evolution processes; versions of information systems should be traced in order to get the connection between old and new specifications. Moreover, it is necessary to find mechanisms to facilitate change specifications, measurement, and interpretation. To design this thesis we follow Design Science by Roel Wieringa. Design Science gives us the hints on how to conduct the research, be rigorous, and put in practice scientific rules. Besides Design Science has been a key factor for structuring our research, we acknowledge the application of this framework since it has helps us to report clearly our findings. We build TraceME by making a method engineering effort, which shapes its fragmented nature in chunks. The architecture of TraceME opens a wide window of opportunities for its application in real world situations. To facilitate industrial adoption, we develop open source tools to support the implementation of the TraceME chunks. For example, one case study and one action-research protocols have been executed in two different organisations in Spain. The validation of TraceME has taken place in laboratory demonstrations, controlled experiments, action research and case study experiences in industry. Thanks to the validations various lessons learnt have been gathered and greatly influenced the maturity of the method. For example: the importance to consider end-users' perceptions for discovering needs to mitigate, and the significance to get knowledge from the application of TraceME in different contexts. The evidences from the validations demonstrate that TraceME is feasible to be applied to support evolution projects. In addition, future research is needed for promoting the implementation of TraceME. We envision short term and future-term work that motivate us to tackle the challenge to support evolution projects. / [ES] La evolución de sistemas software es una de las actividades mas importantes que permiten minimizar el tiempo de puesta en producción de actualizaciones y nuevos desarrollos, reducir los costos que implica desarrollar una aplicación desde cero, y además asegura el acceso ininterrumpido de servicios. Existen variadas motivaciones para promover la investigación y desarrollo de soluciones para especificar y evolucionar sistemas de información mediante modelos conceptuales. Para contribuir al campo de la ingeniería de requisitos con métodos automáticos de producción de software, hemos diseñado el método TraceME para cubrir el espectro de actividades desde requisitos a código con un enfoque de evolución organizacional. De este modo, el espectro de actividades involucra diferentes perspectivas de análisis de sistemas de información que necesitan ser integradas. En este escenario tan complejo, la trazabilidad y los modelos conceptuales son conceptos clave. Es necesario disponer de mecanismos para trazar especificaciones de software desde requisitos a código con el fin de justificar procesos de evolución. Las versiones de los sistemas de información deben ser trazables con el fin de establecer la conexión entre especificaciones obsoletas y actuales. Adicionalmente, es necesario encontrar mecanismos para facilitar la especificación del cambio, su medición e interpretación. Para diseñar esta tesis hemos seguido el marco de Design Science de Roel Wieringa. Design Science nos ha proporcionado las claves para conducir esta investigación, ser rigurosos y poner en práctica reglas científicas. Además de que Design Science ha sido un factor clave para estructurar nuestra investigación, reconocemos que la aplicación de este marco nos ha ayudado a reportar claramente nuestros hallazgos. Hemos aplicado ingeniería de métodos para diseñar y construir TraceME. Gracias a esto, la naturaleza de TraceME es conformada mediante fragmentos de método. La arquitectura de TraceME abre una amplia ventana de oportunidades para su aplicación en situaciones de la vida real. Para facilitar la adopción industrial de TraceME, hemos desarrollado herramientas de software libre para dar soporte a los fragmentos de TraceME. Por ejemplo, un caso de estudio y una experiencia de action research han sido ejecutadas en dos organizaciones en España. La validación de TraceME ha sido llevada a cabo mediante demostraciones de laboratorio, experimentos controlados, un caso de estudio y una experiencia de action research en industria. Como resultado, TraceME ha sido mejorado considerablemente; además hemos descubierto investigaciones a realizar a corto, mediano y largo plazo con el fin de implementar TraceME en la industria. Las evidencias obtenidas como resultado de las validaciones demuestra la factibilidad de TraceME para ser aplicado en proyectos de evolución organizacional. El trabajo futuro nos motiva a afrontar los retos que conlleva el soporte de proyectos de evolución de sistemas de información. / [CAT] L'evolució dels sistemes programari és una de les activitats més importants que permeten minimitzar el temps de posada en producció d'actualitzacions i nous desenvolupaments, reduir els costos que involucra desenvolupar una aplicació des de cero, a més d' assegurar l'accés ininterromput de serveis. Existixen diverses motivacions per promoure la investigació i desenvolupament de solucions per a especificar i evolucionar sistemes de informació mitjançant models conceptuals. Per tal de contribuir al camp de l'enginyeria de requisits amb mètodes automàtics de producció de programari, hem dissenyat el mètode TraceME per cobrir l'espectre d'activitats des de requisits a codi en un enfocament d'evolució organitzacional. Així, l'espectre d'activitats involucra diferents perspectives d'anàlisi de sistemes d'informació que necessiten ser integrades. En aquest escenari tan complex, la traçabilitat i els models conceptuals són conceptes clau. És necessari disposar de mecanismes per traçar especificacions de programari des de requisits a codi amb la fi de justificar processos d'evolució. Les versions dels sistemes d'informació deuen ser traçables amb la fi d'establir la connexió entre especificacions obsoletes i actuals. Addicionalment, és necessari trobar mecanismes per facilitar l'especificació del canvi, la seua mesura i interpretació. Per tal de dissenyar aquesta tesi, hem seguit el marc de Design Science de Roel Wieringa. Design Science ens ha proporcionat les claus per conduir aquesta investigació, ser rigorosos i posar en pràctica regles científiques. A més a més, Design Science ha sigut un factor clau per estructurar la nostra investigació, reconeixem que l'aplicació de aquest marc ens a ajudat a reportar clarament els nostres resultats. Hem aplicat enginyeria de mètodes per dissenyar i construir TraceME. Gràcies a açò, la natura de TraceME es conforma mitjançant fragments de mètodes. L'arquitectura de TraceME obri una ampla finestra d'oportunitats per a la seua aplicació en situacions de la vida real. Per facilitar l'adopció industrial de TraceME, hem desenvolupat ferramentes de programari lliure per tal de donar suport als fragments de TraceME. Per exemple, un cas d'estudi i una experiència de action research han sigut executades en dos organitzacions a Espanya. La validació de TraceME ha sigut portada a cap mitjançant demostracions de laboratori, experiments controlats , un cas d'estudi i una experiència de action research en l'industria. Com a resultat, TraceME ha sigut millorada considerablement; a més a més, hem descobert investigacions a realitzar a curt, mig i llarg termini amb la fi d'implementar TraceME a l'industria. Les evidències obtingudes com a resultat de les validacions, demostren la factibilitat de TraceME per ser aplicat en projectes d'evolució organitzacional. El treball futur presenta nous reptes que ens motiven a afrontar el suport de projectes d'evolució de sistemes d'informació. / Ruiz Carmona, LM. (2016). TraceME: Traceability-based Method for Conceptual Model Evolution [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/64553 / TESIS