In Unternehmen mit wissensintensiven Wertschöpfungsprozessen werden oft innovative und einzigartige Produkte hergestellt, die eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit dem Kunden erfordern. Das bedeutet einen hohen Entwicklungs- und Abstimmungsaufwand innerhalb des Unternehmens. Vor allem für kleinere und mittlere produzierende Unternehmen sind praktikable Werkzeuge wichtig, mit denen unter Einbezug der Mitarbeiter solche Dienstleistungsanteile analysiert und passende Dienstleistungsprozesse gestaltet werden können. / Enterprises with skill-intensive value added processes in many cases manufacture innovative and unique products. This requires a close collaboration with the customer, a high development effort and a high level of coordination within the company. Especially small and medium size enterprises need practicable instruments to involve their staff into analyzing refering service contents and into designing the related processes.

O presente trabalho analisa os fundamentos da responsabilidade civil pelo fato do produto e do serviço no direito brasileiro. O estudo está centrado na controvérsia entre a teoria formalista e a teoria funcionalista, que apresentam concepções distintas de direito privado. Para avaliar essa controvérsia e fornecer os fundamentos da responsabilidade civil pelo fato do produto e do serviço, são desenvolvidos os sentidos de justiça aristotélica e de direito kantiano. O estudo decide, com base nos referidos conhecimentos, entre a aplicação da teoria clássica da culpa, da teoria do risco ou de uma teoria específica. / The present study analyzes the basis of product and service related torts in Brazilian law. It is centered in the controversy between the formalist and the funcionalist theories, which have distinct conceptions of private law. The meanings of Aristotelian justice and Kantian law are developed in order to acess this controversy as well as to provide the basis of the legal discipline of product and service related torts. The research decides, based on such knowledge, between the application of the classical theory of fault, of the risk theory or, for the elaboration of a specific theory.

O presente trabalho analisa os fundamentos da responsabilidade civil pelo fato do produto e do serviço no direito brasileiro. O estudo está centrado na controvérsia entre a teoria formalista e a teoria funcionalista, que apresentam concepções distintas de direito privado. Para avaliar essa controvérsia e fornecer os fundamentos da responsabilidade civil pelo fato do produto e do serviço, são desenvolvidos os sentidos de justiça aristotélica e de direito kantiano. O estudo decide, com base nos referidos conhecimentos, entre a aplicação da teoria clássica da culpa, da teoria do risco ou de uma teoria específica. / The present study analyzes the basis of product and service related torts in Brazilian law. It is centered in the controversy between the formalist and the funcionalist theories, which have distinct conceptions of private law. The meanings of Aristotelian justice and Kantian law are developed in order to acess this controversy as well as to provide the basis of the legal discipline of product and service related torts. The research decides, based on such knowledge, between the application of the classical theory of fault, of the risk theory or, for the elaboration of a specific theory.

O presente trabalho analisa os fundamentos da responsabilidade civil pelo fato do produto e do serviço no direito brasileiro. O estudo está centrado na controvérsia entre a teoria formalista e a teoria funcionalista, que apresentam concepções distintas de direito privado. Para avaliar essa controvérsia e fornecer os fundamentos da responsabilidade civil pelo fato do produto e do serviço, são desenvolvidos os sentidos de justiça aristotélica e de direito kantiano. O estudo decide, com base nos referidos conhecimentos, entre a aplicação da teoria clássica da culpa, da teoria do risco ou de uma teoria específica. / The present study analyzes the basis of product and service related torts in Brazilian law. It is centered in the controversy between the formalist and the funcionalist theories, which have distinct conceptions of private law. The meanings of Aristotelian justice and Kantian law are developed in order to acess this controversy as well as to provide the basis of the legal discipline of product and service related torts. The research decides, based on such knowledge, between the application of the classical theory of fault, of the risk theory or, for the elaboration of a specific theory.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-29T14:48:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VERSÃO FINAL DIGITAL2.compressed.pdf: 5125815 bytes, checksum: e178248f91ecfe9ad11f0d25571576be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:48:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VERSÃO FINAL DIGITAL2.compressed.pdf: 5125815 bytes, checksum: e178248f91ecfe9ad11f0d25571576be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-29 / CNPq / O desafio atual das metrópoles de fronte das questões sociais, econômicas, ambientais e urbanas, posicionam as esferas pública e privada em determinar planejamentos efetivos que possibilitem uma visão de longo prazo através da proposição de cenários que indiquem caminhos estratégicos de maneira a beneficiar a cidade. Neste contexto, entende-se que a stratégia de longo prazo poderá influenciar no sucesso ou fracasso nas diretrizes que irão determinar o futuro das cidades, sendo de extrema relevância a colaboração entre as distintas áreas dos saberes de forma a reduzir os riscos. Neste direcionamento acredita-se que o Design, como ferramenta estratégica de interlocução entre o objeto de estudo e o beneficiário final, pode colaborar com as distintas áreas do conhecimento, através da inserção de metodologias inovadoras como o Sistema de Produto e Serviço (PSS) e Design Orienting Scenarios (DOS) no desenvolvimento de cenários prospectivos para as cidades. Tais metodologias trazem como premissa o processo colaborativo de maneira a horizontalizar a troca de conhecimento entre os distintos agentes objetivando vislumbrar o potencial da problemática proposta, sendo neste caso o futuro das metrópoles. Neste sentido a presente pesquisa traz o estudo de caso do projeto “Recife 500 anos” proposto pela Prefeitura do Recife e coordenado pela ARIES – Agência de Recife para Inovação e Estratégia, que pretender propor estratégias para tornar a capital pernambucana em referência de qualidade de vida envolvendo questões sociais, ambientais, econômicas e urbanas. Para isto o estudo propõe um processo metodológico de escuta através do desenvolvimento de um modelo de workshop que possibilitasse a criação de cenários prospectivos por parte dos distintos stakeholders. Por fim apresentam-se diretrizes que possam corroborar com o futuro sustentável da cidade do Recife. / The challenge of cities in social, economic, environmental and urban areas, position the public and private sectors in determining effective planning to enable a long-term vision by proposing scenarios that determine strategic paths in order to benefit the city. In this context, it is understood that the long-term strategy can influence the success or failure in the guidelines that will determine the future of cities, being extremely important the collaboration between different areas of knowledge in order to reduce risks. So, the Design is taken as a strategic tool for dialogue between the subject matter and the final user, collaborating with different areas of knowledge, by inserting innovative methodologies such as System Product and Service (PSS) and Design Orienting Scenarios (DOS) in the development of prospective scenarios to the cities. Such methodologies bring as assumptions a collaborative process in order to flatten the exchange of knowledge among different agents aiming to glimpse the potential of the proposed problem, that in this case is the future of the metropolis. Therefore, this research brings the study case of "Recife 500 years" proposed by Recife City Council and coordinated by ARIES - Recife Agency for Innovation and Strategy, which intends to propose strategies to make Recife a life quality reference in social, environmental, economic and urban issues. For this study purposes, it was developed a listening methodology process by developing a workshop model that would enable the development of future scenarios by the various stakeholders. Finally it is presented guidelines that can corroborate the sustainable future of Recife.

The maturity of smart home technologies and wireless capabilities, increased accessibility through mass-market availability of internet is making the feasibility of the smart home more realistic. The added incentives to better control utilities and communications to make lives more sustainable, has also driven the growth in the market. This thesis investigates the advantages of the smart home both for the environment and user. Outlining opportunities for business by finding gaps in the market is to better synthesise products and services to improve the user experience. A literature review, market research and ethnographic research was undertaken to understand the current state of the smart home industry and identify the main stakeholders that impact the user. A customer journey map was created to visualise the user process and highlighted problem areas. A survey showed users were most concerned about quality, functions and saving energy and money. The survey perceptions on interactions with technology also shed light into the necessity for robust and reliable technology and adaptable products and services. The final outcome is a prototype model to improve user experience, including stakeholder influence, user needs and the connections between different stakeholders from pre-sale, sale and after-sale.

<div><div><div><p>The purpose of this project was to investigate and propose a solution to gaps identified in existing paradigms for buying and selling secondhand goods online. Through a review of existing literature, the secondhand market was explored together with the variety of reasons for individuals’ participation. Different modes of collaborative consumption and some of the challenges unique to peer-to-peer markets were also examined. A computational approach to identifying items and actions within digital media was reviewed in support of the proposed solution. Research discoveries uncovered through directional surveys, semi-structured interviews, and an analysis of peer products were summarized. These discoveries were consolidated into a list of requirements, including 1) being able to sell many items at once, 2) disbursing items quickly and with minimal effort, 3) making lower value items worth selling, 4) establishing and maintaining trust by designing for safety and encouraging quality, and 5) reducing the need for communication between buyers and sellers by managing the sale, condition, and inventory status. After multiple rounds of concept development, a principal direction based upon the “make me move” concept in the real estate industry was selected. Combined with panoramic images, the resulting solution relied on computer-driven tagging of items for sale. This allowed many items to be listed at once through a single image while making it possible for buyers to find and place offers. Offers were suggested in lieu of bids or an immediate checkout process to avoid some of the negative, bid-related behaviors and minimize the communication required to complete a sale. An interactive prototype was created to evaluate the concept and usability via online user testing, which included surveys and cognitive walkthroughs. The results were analyzed and prioritized to refine the final details of the solution. Overall, I demonstrated a unique concept for buying and selling secondhand goods which supports selling many items, efficiently and safely, while eliminating much of the back and forth communication required to facilitate transactions on many existing platforms.</p></div></div></div>

如製造業欲實行製造業服務化概念，第一步總是最難決定。因此，這項研究的目的是提供台灣扣件產業對於製造業服務化概念，一個實際採行內容分析。本研究採用動態能耐和作業性能耐為主要兩大構面的一個研究框架，這是由Gebauer等人在2012）所發展的分析框架。本研究探討企業如何在開始抓住機遇，感測機遇和重新配置企業資源。這項研究希望能發現有關企業如何運營再結構化組織企業能耐以支撐企業戰略。對作業面能耐，重點在於企業文化，績效評估系統，人力資源，創新過程和組織結構。 動態能耐和作業性能耐作為本研究中的框架。動態能力可以分為三個部分，感知和形狀的機會和威脅，抓住機遇，通過加強和重新配置企業的無形資產和有形資產，以保持競爭力。在這項研究中，發現是該產品為導向的製造商只有在創建關鍵資源的價值和再分配融入企業文化。此外，產品為導向的生產廠家應建立在製造業和非製造業部門的評估程序。在另一方面，以結果為導向的製造商重新分配所有資源的組織中為他們的客戶提供卓越的使用體驗，還建立了一套服務面和非服務面衡量績效指標系統。此外，結果為導向的製造業會執行的品牌建立和通路經營的，支持企業戰略。此外，台灣扣件產業能夠了解自身擁有的能耐之餘，並知悉如何踏實地實行製造業服務化。 有兩個理由說明這項研究的標的，選擇台灣扣件產業。首先，扣件產業在台灣擁有完整從上下游完整供應鏈。其次，其中在台灣一些扣件製造廠商已經成功執行製造業服務化，以加強於非價格競爭的競爭力。研究結果可分為，從能耐的角度具體探討執行內容，產品導向的服務以及結果為導向的服務之間的實際經驗。此外，這項研究指出兩種類型的產品服務化系統之間的相似與相異的能耐。 然而，這項研究的限制是，它僅選擇扣件產業。未來的研究方向可能會選擇其他行業的情況下，試圖找出這些行業中，對於製造業服務化，所需要能耐的相似性及長期觀察下，能耐擁有是否改變。 / As manufacturer adopts servitization to add value by adding services on their current value chain, the first step is always the hardest one. Thus this research aims to offer Taiwanese fastener industry insights to develop servitization. Moreover, it studies and recognizes what the key capabilities are that companies should have. This research uses the dynamic capability and operational capability, which were developed by Gebauer et al (2012) as the analytic framework. This research explores how enterprises initiate in seizing opportunities, sensing opportunities and reconfiguring corporate resources from dynamic capability perspective. Within the interview, this research hopes to discover findings on how business operations support corporate strategy. The research interview focuses on corporate culture, performance measurement systems, human resources, innovation process and organizational structures of operational capability perspective. There are two reasons why this research is focused on Taiwan’s fastener industry. Firstly, the fastener industry in Taiwan has a complete supply chain from upstream to downstream with an industry cluster. Secondly, some traditional industries such as fastener industry have adopted servitization to enhance the competitiveness for non-price competition. The results of the interviews include the capabilities that servitized companies have with the capability framework. Furthermore, the findings include practical experiences between product-oriented service and result-oriented service from capability perspective. This research also identifies the differences and similarities capabilities between two types of product-service system. Dynamic capability and operational capability are used as a framework within this research. Dynamic capability can be divided into three parts, to sense and shape opportunities and threats, to seize opportunities, and to maintain competitiveness through enhancing and reconfiguring the business enterprise’s intangible and tangible assets. During this research, the findings were that that product-oriented manufacturers only integrate corporate culture in value creation and reallocation of the key resources. In addition, product-oriented manufacturers should establish procedures for evaluation on manufacturing and non-manufacturing departments. On the other hand, the result-oriented manufacturers re-allocate all resources among the organization for a superb usage experience for their customers and also establish a set of service and non-service performance indicators for measurement systems. Additionally, the result-oriented company executes brand building and operates channels to support corporate strategy. Also, the Taiwanese fastener industry can ensure their own company's capabilities and understand how to perform servitization practically. However, this research focuses on the contents of capabilities that the companies initiate for servitization. The restriction of this research is that it only chooses the fastener industry. Future research directions may choose other industries as cases and try to find out similarities of capabilities for servitization among those industries.

Syfte Det övergripande syftet med studien var att öka förståelsen för hur digitalt mogna företag utformar och bedriver arbetet i de digitala enheterna. Studien har undersökt den del av organisationen som direkt eller indirekt arbetar med att utveckla digitala innovationer (digitala enheten) mot externa kunder, och har nyttjat konceptet verksamhetsmodell för att uppnå ett systemperspektiv i förståelsen. Syftet adresseras genom följande forskningsfråga: Vilka gemensamma faktorer finns hos digitalt mogna företags digitala enheter? Metod Studien är av explorativ karaktär med en induktiv forskningsansats, där en kvalitativt flerfallsstudie genomförts. För att studera digitalt mogna företag har urvalet skett med hjälp av digitala experter och tidigare forskning på digital mognad. Primärdata bestod av 21 semi-strukturerade intervjuer med informanter från 8 digitalt mogna företag med god insikt i respektive verksamhet, samt 4 intervjuer med experter inom digitalisering och verksamhetsutveckling. Sekundärdata bestod av publik information så som årsrapporter, presentationer och hemsidor m.fl.. Resultat Resultatet visar att det finns många gemensamma faktorer mellan de studerade verksamheterna som kan utgöra en förklaring till varför de är framstående inom digital innovation och mognad. Totalt har 22 gemensamma teman identifierats som till betydande grad återspeglats i de studerade verksamheterna. De identifierade teman aggregeras till ett förslag på 4 generiska designprinciper för hur verksamheter kan utformas och bedrivas för att främja digital innovation. Därtill presenteras ett ramverk för verksamhetsmodellering med fokus på digitala enheter. Teoretiska implikationer Det teoretiska bidrag som studier tillför är fyrfaldigt: (1) Studien skapar större insikter kring digitalt mogna företag och bekräftar indirekt mycket av tidigare forskning på digital mognad (2) utvecklar och konkretiserar konceptet verksamhetsmodell, (3) introducerar ett ramverk för verksamhetsmodellering i allmänhet och med generiska designprinciper för främjandet av digital innovation i synnerhet samt (4) bidrar till tvärdisciplinär forskning genom ett holistiskt perspektiv. Praktiska implikationer Det praktiska bidrag som studien skapar är kunskap kring verksamhetsdesign för samtida företagsledare i allmänhet, och i synnerhet för ledare som arbetar kring digital innovation. Ramverket och designprinciperna kan bidra till att företagsledare lättare kan skapa en överblick av verksamheten och aktivt utforma den för att stödja affärsmodellen och i förlängningen främja strategin. / Purpose The overall purpose of the study is to develop the understanding of how digitally maturing companies design and operates the digital unit. The study has examined the organization within the companies that directly or indirectly develop digital offerings (the digital unit) towards external customers , and has utilized the holistic concept of an operating model in order to do so. The purpose is addressed by the following research question: What common factors exist between the digital units of digitally maturing companies? Method The study is exploratory in its nature with an inductive approach, in which a qualitative multiple case study was conducted. In order to study digitally matured companies, the selection process involved the help of digital experts as well as previous studies on digital maturity. In total, 21 semi-structured interviews with informants from 8 digitally matured companies were conducted, together with 4 interviews with experts in digitalization and business development. The informants had a good understanding of respective organization, and the data was complemented with publicly available information such as reports, presentations and websites. Results The results show that there are many common factors between the studied organizations that can help explain as to why they are prevalent in digital innovation and maturity. In total, 22 common themes were identified between the organizations’ digital units by studying their operating models. The identified themes were aggregated into a proposal of 4 generic design principles for how the digital units could be designed in order to prosper digital innovation. In addition, a framework for operations modelling is presented with a focus on digital units. Theoretical implications The theoretical implications from the study is primarely fourfolded: (1) the study develops the knowledge of digitally matured companies and concretizes the result from previous studies. (2) The study develops the concept of an operating model by identifying and bridging 6 academic fields. (3) The study presents a suggested framework for modelling the operations in general, and particularly for the design of the digital unit. (4) The study support a multidisciplinary approach to studying best praxis from a holistic perspective. Practical implications The results from the study can serve as inspiration when designing organizations for today’s the managers in general, and for the managers within digital innovation in particular. The suggested framework and design principles can facilitate the process of understanding and designing a synergetic operation that support the business model and strategy.

Online users struggle with different concerns whenever they use information systems. According to Miyazaki and Fernandez (2001), there are three important categories of concerns for online users: privacy concern, third party fraudulent behavior concern ("system security"), and online website fraudulent behavior concern ("security"). Kim, Sivasailam, and Rao (2004) proposed a similar categorization for web assurance dimensions. They argue that online websites are supposed to address users' privacy, security, and business integrity concerns to decrease user concerns. Although several researchers tried to answer how different factors affect these concerns and how these concerns affect users' behavior, there are so many ambiguities and contradictions in this area. This Essay I in this work develops a comprehensive map of the role of online privacy concern to identify related factors and categorize them through an in-depth literature review and conducting meta-analysis on online privacy concern. Although users have concerns about their privacy and security, there is still growth in the number of internet users and electronic commerce market share. One possible reason is that websites are applying assurance mechanisms to ensure the privacy of their users. Therefore, it could be an interesting research topic to investigate how privacy assurance mechanisms affect users concern and, consequently, their behavior in different concerns such as e-commerce and social networking sites. Different types of web assurance mechanisms are used by websites. The most prevalent among these assurance mechanisms include web assurance seals and assurance statements and privacy customization features. Essay II and III aims to address how these mechanisms influence e-commerce and social networking sites users' behavior. Essay II applies the procedural fairness theory by Lind and Tyler (1988) to explain how and why the web assurance mechanisms affect consumers' perceived risks. Essay III addresses the issue of self-disclosure on social networking sites. Applying protection motivation theory, this study aims to evaluate the effect of web assurance mechanisms on online privacy concern and self-disclosure behavior on the social networking sites.