<p>Detta examensarbete har utförts vid Elitfönster AB i Vetlanda. Elitfönster AB är Sveriges största leverantör av fönster och fönsterdörrar.</p><p>Syftet med arbetet är att ta fram åtgärdsförslag för att minska ledtiderna, då korta leveranstider blir ett allt viktigare konkurrensmedel. Arbetet innebar en kartläggning av nuvarande produktionsflöde och identifiering av problemområden.</p><p>Arbetet genomfördes med hjälp av tidsstudier och intervjuer med arbetsledare och personal. Arbetet bygger även en hel del på observationer, iakttagelser och studerande av statistik.</p><p>I stora drag kan man dra slutsatsen att de långa ledtiderna beror på främst två orsaker;</p><p>• hyvelbanornas långa ställtider som medför körningar i veckosatser</p><p>• kvalitetsbrister och bristfälliga kvalitetskontroller samt trästycken som ”försvinner” längs förädlingskedjan. Detta leder till att order får ställas åt sidan i väntan på nya/omlackade bitar.</p><p>För att erhålla en reducering av produktionsledtiden bör Elitfönster AB i första hand;</p><p>• överväga att flytta ut ett eller två produktsortiment, vilket skulle medföra reducerade ställtider i hyvelbanorna och därmed en möjlighet att bryta ner veckosatserna i mindre satser.</p><p>• sträva mot att synkronisera de olika resursernas cykeltider mot takttiden.</p><p>• skapa stabila processer, det vill säga tillförlitlig utrustning och mångkunnig personal, för att kunna minimera buffertar och mellanlager.</p><p>• kontinuerligt kvalitetsarbete i form av leverantörssamverkan och kvalitetsutbildningar till personal.</p>

In today’s fast-changing and dynamic business environment, the pressures on manufacturing companies to compete on the global arena have been intensified. Production is challenged to handle and benefit from ever increasing competitions in terms of cost, delivery capability, and flexibility. In order to gain and sustain the competitive advantage under such circumstances, strong and constant development of production must be ensured not only with continuous improvements but also with radical improvements. Continuous improvement or called Kaizen has been an established approach of production improvement. The concept of Kaizen is well described and many tools and methods that support Kaizen have been developed and widely applied in industry. However, for radical improvement or “Kaikaku” in Japanese, the need and the importance of Kaikaku are still limitedly recognized at companies. Moreover, the knowledge of structured support that facilitates an effective and efficient execution of Kaikaku has been insufficiently developed. The purpose of the research presented in this thesis is to develop models and methods that address the need and the importance of Kaikaku in production and facilitate the realization of it. The research consists of a literature study and three case studies. The literature study was conducted in order to structure the concept of Kaikaku. As a result of the study, a conceptual framework of Kaikaku was developed. The three case studies were conducted to identify influential factors to the realization of Kaikaku. Both Swedish and Japanese companies were studied and analyzed. These case studies led to identify a way of realizing a certain type of Kaikaku. Some characteristics of organization setting were also found influential to the realization of Kaikaku. To conclude, the research has contributed to creating a foundation of the research area related to Kaikaku. This has opened up opportunities for further research in this field.

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Detta examensarbete har utförts vid Elitfönster AB i Vetlanda. Elitfönster AB är Sveriges största leverantör av fönster och fönsterdörrar. Syftet med arbetet är att ta fram åtgärdsförslag för att minska ledtiderna, då korta leveranstider blir ett allt viktigare konkurrensmedel. Arbetet innebar en kartläggning av nuvarande produktionsflöde och identifiering av problemområden. Arbetet genomfördes med hjälp av tidsstudier och intervjuer med arbetsledare och personal. Arbetet bygger även en hel del på observationer, iakttagelser och studerande av statistik. I stora drag kan man dra slutsatsen att de långa ledtiderna beror på främst två orsaker; • hyvelbanornas långa ställtider som medför körningar i veckosatser • kvalitetsbrister och bristfälliga kvalitetskontroller samt trästycken som ”försvinner” längs förädlingskedjan. Detta leder till att order får ställas åt sidan i väntan på nya/omlackade bitar. För att erhålla en reducering av produktionsledtiden bör Elitfönster AB i första hand; • överväga att flytta ut ett eller två produktsortiment, vilket skulle medföra reducerade ställtider i hyvelbanorna och därmed en möjlighet att bryta ner veckosatserna i mindre satser. • sträva mot att synkronisera de olika resursernas cykeltider mot takttiden. • skapa stabila processer, det vill säga tillförlitlig utrustning och mångkunnig personal, för att kunna minimera buffertar och mellanlager. • kontinuerligt kvalitetsarbete i form av leverantörssamverkan och kvalitetsutbildningar till personal.

Abstract The company for case study always dedicates to reinforce interior constitution as well as exterior competition, the major core is surrounding The Toyota Way, which it started with ¡§SEIRI and SEITON¡¨, ¡§Streamline Production¡¨ to ¡§Toyota Production System, TPS¡¨ from manufacturing fields, and then the company mind of ¡¨The Toyota Way¡¨. The development of each phase has its strategic position with different gradation. Moreover, in order to incorporate the operation for both Taiwan headquarter and China facility, divisions are segmented by operational functions for appropriate redeployment and valued-connection. The core for developing this study have had the case company to implement ¡§The Toyota Way, through meticulous discussions in order to clarify the built-up of ¡¨The Toyota Way¡¨ in the case company. First, start from ¡§manufacturing perspective¡¨ from working fields, with Streamline Production and Just-In-Time production as basic capabilities to build up the strength. Furthermore, extend it to the system of ¡¨ Product Developing Process Management¡¨, and connect with Big-Room ¡§Obeya¡¨ activity, ¡§Preparation prior to mass production¡¨, ¡§Supplier Parts Tracking Team, SPTT¡¨, and ¡§Cost Management¡¨¡C Last, through the strategic plan of company operation and functions of TPS operation with Knowledge of Philosophy from System, Method and Nature, to develop a series of deep competitions for the strength of company enhancement. Summarizations above, conclusions of the research are as following- 1. Generalized each activity and operating function with four perspectives as Company Philosophy, Elimination of Waste, Business Partners and Continuous Improvement, while the case company implemented TPS. Furthermore, described what the case company¡¦s functions of implement or concepts of application, which expect the study could be referred while related corporations try to implement them in the future. 2. Beside fully support from executive management to carry out the philosophy of The Toyota Way into organizational operation¡¦s thinking in the corporation, the most critical key-point is that it is necessary to create an environment with continuous improvement and participation of all employees in order to seed the realization into everyone¡¦s mind deeply.

Diversity of consumers, timely needs of the times, combined with market information, production and selling out of products, enterprises can profit possible. Want in the fierce competition; we must attach importance to production and sales co-ordination and integration. This study aimed to clarify the "Toyota production and sales integrated management system," in close connection with production and sales, rapid response to changes in the meaning and operation of the structure and conditions of its formation. "Toyota production and sales integrated management system," the biggest feature is the production site with frequent sales information for the various stages of the production plan to do a different range of amendments, the final production and micro-adjustments to billboards, fast response to changes in demand. In the full sales pipeline, the distributor effective master customer information and establish long-term relationships with customers, thus the right to collect and prepare sales forecasts, and quickly back to the Toyota Motor Sales, such as Toyota's strong sales management an important support system behind the production factors. "Toyota production and sales integrated management systems," the transfer of applications across industries, from brand computer makers and electronics contract manufacturing service provider of supply chain production micro-tune the system for evidence. Through analysis and comparison of the two operational framework that, dismantling of production steps, multi-stage production scheduling amendments, the changes in the components remain the highest to the final assembly, so that the flexible "instant production of Just-In-Time" , can be applied in different industries. "Toyota production and sales integrated management systems," the production of micro-adjustment of the operational structure to clarify and resolve inter-industry transfer of instances, not only academic significance, other electronic products manufacturing industry for practical application, also has a reference value.

The nature of range ¡§ automobile ¡§ has high technology and traditional science both together. It expands living habit and areas for the human beings but also lead hazard and risky on environment and safety. What is the value of competition about the automobile? What are the cons and pros on traditional manufactures with United States, Japan and Germany? Any structure change from then until now? The subject essay is based upon the automobile research report, which was issued on 1990 by MIT, analysis of GM with The United States, Toyota with Japan and Volkswagen with the Germany 1991-2005 financial statements and volume production strategy to continue the analysis. The automobile manufactures were following the model of productions TPS after MIT research report was announced. The above companies were not being able to follow and copy the model very successfully. Because that past successful enterprise cultural was difficult to abandon and among different countries cultural background and basis were total different and individual. They could only practice the fur of Japanese Toyota. For example, GM was combined with Toyota to build up factory as issue; looks like GM have had good flow and function on inventory turn over percentage and cost of sales volume. After operation factors were getting worse even turn their inefficiency out to the fact. The traditional craftsman¡¦s art with Germany were become the sign of obstacle to the TPS.

There has been full of inefficiency and waste in current operation method of steel structure industries. This study hopes to utilize Toyota Just-in-time Production System for fabrication of steel structure to eliminate current each waste during the production process. The main purpose of this study is take case company as an example to discuss the following respects: 1.The current production process of steel structure industries. 2.The application of Toyota Just-in-time Production System in the steel structure fabrication. This study first introduces the framework of Toyota Just-in-time Production System to apprehend its spirit and then explains the concept and advantage of Toyota Just-in-time Production System explicitly. Also, this study compares Toyota Just-in-time Production System with current production method of steel structure industries. Second, according to the glancing of related document reference, this study discusses the application method and its profit for Toyota Just-in-time Production System in the manufacturing industries. As there are significant differences in structure or operation method between steel structure industries and manufacturing industries, thus this study utilizes gradual erection plan to match Toyota Just-in-time Production System during the period of fabrication process plan to eliminate the distinction between these two industries besides explaining the necessary rationalized operation when leading Toyota Just-in-time Production System in. Having visited the production line and made mutual communication with operation chief, this study has found the current problems existing in production management in case company. According to this discovery, this study uses bridge production line and built-up H section production line as pilot implementation to discuss the possible question and solution policy for Toyota Just-in-time Production System concept applied in steel structure fabrication so as to frame the procedures and criterion of Toyota Just-in-time Production System in fabrication of steel structure and also to evaluate its profit.

Denna studie är utförd på ett företag i Helsingborg som heter Abdon Finax AB. Företaget startade med mjöltillverkning för att sedan introducera müslin till Sverige. Sedan dess har bolaget fortsatt växa. I dagens samhälle går utvecklingen fort fram. Globaliseringen innebär att konkurrensen ökar och företag tvingas att tävla med varandra om kunderna, vilka ständigt söker bättre kvalitet, lägre kostnader samt kortare ledtider. Detta samtidigt som företagen försöker tjäna mer pengar genom ökad lönsamhet genom bland annat effektivare flöden. På så sätt kan företaget minimera kostnaderna för att kunderna ska kunna tillgodoses samtidigt som företagen tjänar på det. ’’Ibland måste man vara liten för att springa om de stora’’ är ett av Finax valspråk. För att fortsätta ha chansen att springa om de stora krävs flexibilitet i produktionen för att möjliggöra kortare ledtider till kunderna. Syftet med studien har varit att analysera flödet av de glutenfria produkterna på Abdon Finax AB för att finna effektiviseringsområden. För att kunna göra detta har en flödeskartläggning gjorts. Denna gjordes med hjälp av observationer samt intervjuer på företaget. Efter en jämförelse mellan teori och empiri har sedan några kritiska punkter pekats ut för förbättring och effektiviseringsförslag har rekommenderats. Dessa förslag involverar standardisering samt sänkningsförslag på omställningstiderna allt för att företaget ska öka sin flexibilitet och kunna producera i mindre batcher. Vilket ska leda till att ledtiderna minskar och även lagerkostnaderna. I framtiden när ställtiderna har minimerats skulle det vara fullt möjligt att producera efter kundorder vilket minimerar riskerna för att kassera produkter samt minskar lagerkostnaderna ytterligare.

Consonant assimilation between noncontiguous consonants within words is one of the characteristic error patterns for children reported in observations of the earliest periods of speech acquisition. Previous analyses of consonant assimilation in young children have been based on formal phonological theories. However, phonological perspectives do not provide comprehensive explanations for potential mechanisms underlying children’s output forms when they are different from adult forms. The present study tests the hypothesis that functionalist phonetic approaches have the potential to provide a more comprehensive explanation for assimilation patterns in children’s speech output. Consonant assimilation patterns were observed from the onset of word use (approximately 12 months) to 36 months of age in ten English-speaking children. Assimilated forms in consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) and consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel (CVCV) words produced by these children were analyzed. Predictions based on the Frame/Content perspective were evaluated relative to place and manner characteristics, vowel context, word level, and development over time. Results confirmed the prediction that motorically less available forms assimilate to more available forms in children acquiring ambient language speech patterns. Labial and coronal place of articulation more frequently motivated assimilation than dorsal. Stop and nasal manner of articulation more frequently motivated assimilation than fricative. The vowel context effects in assimilated forms were stronger for lingual consonants than labials and greater for CVCV more than CVC word forms. A word shape effect was observed related to place characteristics, direction of assimilation, and vowel context. A word position effect was observed for manner assimilations. Analysis of developmental trends revealed that children maintained a preference for motorically available forms in assimilations. The vowel context effects decreased over time. These findings suggest that patterns of consonant assimilation in these children are strongly motivated by behaviors already available within their production system capacities from the pre-linguistic babbling period, rather than being driven by patterns found in the targets they are attempting. Results also suggest that perceptual influences from language input may influence assimilation patterns to a lesser extent. Functionalist phonetic approaches that emphasize the understating of the production system and perceptual influences played a seminal role in understanding of children’s speech development relative to assimilation patterns. / text