Roughness is an important indicator of pavement riding comfort and safety. It is a condition indicator that should be carefully considered when evaluating primary pavements. At the same time, the use of roughness measurements plays a critical role in the pavement management system. There are many devices used for roughness evaluation. The major tools used for road roughness quantify are the road profilers. In the thesis research, in order to obtain useful pavement surface condition data for pavement evaluation, two direct type road roughness evaluation systems were developed with the combination of modern sensor technology and computer technology. The thesis will focus on the development of the direct type profiler systems, including the improvement of the hardware design, the new direct type road roughness-measuring system using different method, the software development, which makes it more functional. In order to evaluate the accuracy and correction of the direct type profiler system, different roughness devices (including FDOT High-Speed laser profiler, FACE Dipstick and direct type I profiler) were operated in 4 calibration sites. The research focused on several performance measures, such as correlativity, repeatability. IRI and RN results from these devices were analyzed to evaluate the correlativity between these devices. After verified that direct type I profiler has good repeatability and correlation with FDOT High-Speed laser profiler, FACE Dipstick, 10 calibration sites data in Tampa were collected using direct type I profiler and direct type II profiler. The repeatability and correlation analysis between the two profilers were performed. From field experiments and data analysis, it shows: 1.Direct type I profiler showed satisfactory repeatability performances; 2.Direct type I profiler has good RN correlations High-Speed laser profiler; 3.Direct type I profiler has good correlations with Dipstick, High-Speed laser profiler in terms of IRI 4.Direct type II profiler does not has good correlation with direct type I profiler; the performance needs to be improved. Except for these conclusions, it is also found that the High-Speed profiler can be operated at different speeds with little differences in RN values, the sampling rate did show impact on RN value.

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<p>Målsättningen med färgåtergivning i katalogproduktion är att färgen på produkten i katalogen ska upplevas samma som färgen på själva produkten. ICSAB (IKEA Catalogue Services) producerar varje år IKEA-katalogen som innehåller ca 15000 olika produktbilder. Att reproducera dessa bilder är ett komplext problem som ställer höga krav på färghanteringssystemet, färgspecificering av produktfärger, färgverifieringsmetoder samt den visuella bedömningen av produktbilderna. </p><p>Rapporten beskriver produktionsflödet på ICSAB från fotografering av produkterna i fotostudion till utmatning av förprovtryck. Utifrån detta arbetsflöde analyseras de faktorer som påverkar färgreproduktionen. </p><p>Rapporten ger förslag på hur färghanteringen kan optimeras genom ICC-baserat färghanteringssystem med anpassade profiler för alla olika enheter i produktionen, vilka konverteringsmetoder som bör användas mellan de aktuella färgrymderna samt färghanteringsmodulens inverkan på färgreproduktionen. </p><p>Rapporten ger även förslag på hur färgerna skall specificeras med uppmätta spektralfördelningar och LAB-värden för respektive produktfärg. Samt verifieras med hjälp av kvantitativa toleransmetoder så som CIELAB och eventuellt även elliptiska toleransmetoden CIE94 eller CIEDE2000. </p><p>För att förbättra den visuella bedömningen av färgåtergivningen rekommenderas standardiserade betraktningsvillkor. Dessa bör omfatta belysningsvillkor med olika intensitetsnivåer, omgivningsförhållanden, betraktningsgeometri samt hur själva bedömningen bör utföras. </p><p>De tester som utförts på ICSAB, för att se hur det nuvarande systemet reproducerar ett antal produktfärger, visar att gråtonerna reproduceras med mindre färgdifferens än färgtonerna. </p><p>För att förbättra färgstyrningen och minska skillnaderna mellan original och reproduktion rekommenderas följande: </p><p>- Att anpassade profiler för samtliga enheter i produktionen </p><p>- Ett ICC-baserat färghanteringssystem för ökad kontroll över systemet Standardiserade betraktningsvillkor för den visuella färgbedömningen</p><p>- Verifieringsmetoder för att kvantitativt kontrollera de reproducerade produktfärgerna</p>

Natural hydrocarbon seeps harbor distinctive geological, chemical, and biological features in the marine environment. This thesis verified remote sensing signatures of seeps using in-situ observation and repeated collections of satellite imagery. Bubble streams in the Gulf of Mexico water column from four natural seep sites on the upper continental slope were imaged by a side-scan sonar, which was operated from a submarine near the seafloor, and by acoustic profilers, which were operated from surface ships. These data were correlated with sea surface slicks imaged by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) on the RADARSAT satellite. Comparing non-oily bubble streams from rapidly venting mud volcanoes with oily bubble streams from shallow deposits of gas hydrate showed that they produced notably different signatures. Non-oily bubbles produced high backscatter on the side-scan sonar records, but were difficult to detect with the acoustic profilers. Oily bubbles from hydrate deposits produced acoustic shadows on the side-scan sonar records. The oily bubbles generated clear signatures extending from the seafloor to the near surface on the acoustic profile records. RADARSAT SAR images verified the presence of surface oil slicks over the hydrate deposits, but not over the mud volcanoes. This indicates that SAR imagery will not be able to capture every oil and gas seep in a region because non-oily bubble streams do not create surface oil slicks. A total of 113 natural oily seep sources were identified based on surface slicks in eleven SAR images collected over the northern continental slope. A persistence analysis verified that SAR is a dependable tool for capturing oil slicks because 93.5% of the slick sources identified in the 2001 images were corroborated with slicks in the 2002 images. The sources ranged in depth from 100 to 2000 m and 79% of the sources were in 900 meters or greater of water. Seventy-six percent of the seep sources were associated with salt less than 1500 m below the seafloor and none of the sources were located in the bottom of salt withdrawal basins. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) proved to be a useful tool in these analyses.

The so-called "Marine Testing Field (MTF)" is a concept to set up a natural site so that a laboratory experiment may be implemented directly at sea. In viewing the geographical advantage of National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), an MTF has been proposed near the Shziwan bay area, which is particularly suitable to conduct research on near shore processes and harbor monitoring and protection. The purpose of this study is implemented the first phase towards the establishment of Shziwan MTF, that is, to conduct a complete survey of this area, including topological, morphological, geological, and dynamical properties of this area. The survey employs various equipment including sidescan sonar, subbpttom profiler, multibeam system, and seabed sampling, etc. To achieve a good quality, the survey routes were carefully planned, and 10 seabed samples were taken. The results have shown that the slope of the seafloor is about 145:1, indicating that the area has a very slow varying topography. Sidescan images have been carefully analyzed, and several objects on the seabed have been identified; furthermore, the subbottom images have shown layering structure in this area. The seabed sampling shows that the seabed is mostly consisted of fine sand with average particle size of about 0.263 mm. Overall, the field already explored shows that it is about 4116725m2 in area, in which 88.1% is sand, 7.2% sand with ripple marks, and 4.7% rocks.

The IFMIF accelerator will accelerate two 125mA continuous wave (cw) deuteron beams up to 40MeV and blasts them onto a liquid lithium target to release neutrons. The very high beam power of 10MW pose unprecedented challenges for the accelerator development. Therefore, it was decided to build a prototype accelerator, the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc), which has the very same beam characteristic, but is limited to 9 MeV only. In the frame of this thesis, diagnostics devices for IFMIF and LIPAc have been developed. The diagnostics devices consist of beam loss monitors and interceptive as well as non-interceptive profile monitors. For the beam loss monitoring system, ionization chambers and diamond detectors have been tested and calibrated for neutron and γ radiation in the energy range expected at LIPAc. During these tests, for the first time, diamond detectors were successfully operated at cryogenic temperatures. For the interceptive profilers, thermal simulations were performed to ensure safe operation. For the non-interceptive profiler, Ionization Profile Monitors (IPMs) were developed. A prototype has been built and tested, and based on the findings, the final IPMs were designed and built. To overcome the space charge of accelerator beam, a software algorithm was written to reconstruct the actual beam profile.

Six different Digital Proofing Systems from three different techniques have been evaluated as totechnique, printing quality, economy and usability. Digital proof from two paper qualities, coatedand uncoated, has been compared with references printed in offset, to see how good they match eachother. Only two Proofing Systems manage to print on reference paper. The other Proofing Systemsuse special paper for digital proof.Measurements and visuell judgement show that the Digital Proofing Systems visualise referencepictures with quite good quality. Proof optimised for coated paper visualise the colours with goodresult. Proof optimised for uncoated paper shows higher quality than the references, which depends onthe surface of the proofing paper. Comparison between reference paper and proofing paper has takenplace as to differences in colour and paper quality.The Digital Proofing Systems are fully automatic, which demand a quite comprised education forcorrect handling. The purchase price and printing costs vary considerably between the ProofingSystems.

The question formulation in the essay brought up whether Clas Ohlson works today with their graphical productionflow and if that way of working leads to a desirable result in press. After a dialogue with Clas Ohlson it emerged thatthey had certain problems with the material that came out of the printing presses. Certain colours were not reproducedaccording to the stated values that had been developed. In March -08 an analysis of the graphical production flowspresent situation were done at Clas Ohlsons in order to find out how they worked with their production of print materials.In the analysis, their way to work with color spaces, displays, ICC-profiles, PDF-exports, pictures and printerswere examined. Occasional interviews were also implemented with responsible personnel about how they worked withdifferent aspects.Deficiencies were found on almost all examined parts in their graphical production flow. Wrong colorspaces andCMYK-profiles was used in big extent, the displays where uncalibrated or incorrectly calibrated, wrong PDF-presetswas used frequently and it also showed that six different suppliers for their printing materials were used. The solutionsthat were relevant for the problems and defects were later on presented as proposals on measures.

Vertical mixing is an important process that relates surface fluxes to concentrations of pollutants and other chemical species in the atmosphere. Errors in vertical mixing have been identified as a major source of uncertainties in various atmospheric modeling efforts including tracer transport, weather forecasting, and regional climate simulation. This thesis aims to quantify uncertainties in model-derived mixed layer heights (zi) over North America through direct comparisons between radiosonde observations and four models at different months of the year 2004 through the bulk Richardson number method. Results of this study suggest that considerable errors in zi exist throughout the region with the spatial and temporal variations of the errors differ significantly among the selected models. Over all, errors in zi were larger in global models than in the limited area mesoscale models, and the magnitude of the random error was two times larger than the bias. Notably, spatial regions of with extremely large positive biases correspond to those with especially large random errors. The biases and random errors, however, were not correlated linearly nor can be easily used to predict each other. Uncertainties in model-derived zi were attributed, through errors in the bulk Richardson number, to temperature and horizontal winds. Errors in both horizontal winds and temperatures were found contributing more or less the same to uncertainties in zi, with relative errors in both variables being the greatest in the lowest part of the troposphere. Lastly, independent observations from the cooperative profiler network suggest that data assimilation did not add qualitative advantages for the comparisons presented in this study. The mixed layer height uncertainties demonstrated in this study may provide a guide for selecting a model to simulate regional scale atmospheric transport and for interpreting flux estimation and inversions studies.

The application of underwater search and identification technology has been widely used in the underwater engineering. There are two major fields in this thesis: monitoring of underwater structures and analysis of upper-layer geological properties of seabed. The former focus on the cooperation of these three major equipments: sidescan sonar, sub-bottom profiler, and marine magnetometer to improve the ability of identification. The latter analyzes the image displayed by the sub-bottom profiler to set up the data base of different environments and equipments. Finally, it is illustrated that the difference between the actual position and the data position exists in equipment with a tow fish style to refine the search technology and predict the real position. This thesis will demonstrate the monitoring of underwater structures, analysis of upper-layer geological properties of seabed, and the position error of underwater targets to discuss and improve the capability of the underwater search and identification technology.