The North-West University (NWU) is an example of an organization that has a social responsibity towards the community and the environment within which it finds itself (Van Schalkwyk, 2013). One of the social responsibility programmes of the NWU-Pukke is known as the Students’ Rag Community Service (SRCS). The SRCS is a registered NPO (non-profit organization) which is run by the students of the NWU Potchefstroom Campus and which has been in existence since 1992 in its present form. In this study it is argued that the SRCS developmental projects could be offered in a more effective and sustainable manner by implementing the basic principles of the participatory approach, viz. Participation, dialogue, empowerment and cultural identity in order to support the local communities in their developmental processes. For the present study the focus was solely on one of the SRCS projects, the Pick a leader-leadership development project. This project has the aim of providing in the developmental needs of ten to fifteen Grade 11 learners in three schools in the North West Province (Potchefstrom and the surrounding communities in Ikageng). Thus project participants (learners) are instructed in basic skills about starting their own businesses (entrepreneurship); how to develop their leadership skills and to apply these skills, and how to be able to use basic life skills in their everyday lives. Various theoreticians have explained how NPO’s without participatory communication are seldom successful in terms of developmental initiatives. The learners can only develop if the relevant roleplayers of the project take ownership of the project by also being able to communicate in a participatory manner about their specific needs with both the NPO and the project volunteers. The NWU-Pukke volunteers, who manage this particular project, therefore have the responsibility to communicate in a participatory manner with the relevant learners, their teachers and then also the different principals to make the project succeed and to contribute to the realization of the developmental needs of the learners. The general research aim of the study had been to determine the nature of the communication among interest groups in the Pick a leader-leadership development programme of the SRCS. Qualitiative research methods, viz. Semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews and participant observation, were used in this study for purposes of making making a thorough investigation into the nature of the communication among those involved in the Pick a leader leadership development programme. The purpose of this was to determine perspectives about the project held by the persons involved (but especially those of the learners) and to interpret these in line with the normative theoretical principles of the participatory approach to developmental communication. It was ultimately found that the communication in the Pick a leader-leadership development programme was mostly one-way. / MA (Communication Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the design and implementation of early intervention programmes used for disadvantaged learners in South Africa. The focus was on the Grade R class since it has been introduced to prepare learners for formal schooling. The extent to which the programme could influence the learner's skills were investigated. The design is defined in terms of the structure, goals, and content of the programme. The implementation strategy in this investigation is explained in broad terms to include ECD policies, delivery structures and modes, teacher preparedness and arrangements made at school level. The investigation was conducted as a case study in disadvantaged school-based Grade R classes of the Gauteng province. It established that the design of the Grade R programme followed the constructivist approach by combining the developmental and behavioural approaches to teaching. The design was commendable with regard to its goals and its duration. However, concerns were raised with regard to the structure and content of the Learning Area Programmes. An alternative design is recommended. The success of any programme depends to a large extent on implementation strategies used for delivery. This investigation established that policy formulation at national level followed international trends. Implementation power was devolved to the provincial departments in order to accommodate provincial diversity. However, structural deficits and undefined line functions were identified at provincial and district levels. The impact of this deficiency was evident in the Grade R classes. Finally this study concluded that although learners showed developmental gains, this cannot be regarded as the influence of the Grade R teaching because this age group is still developing and the change could be ascribed to maturation. The learners did not acquire basic literacy skills. Their poor language and intellectual abilities remain extremely low. / Educational Studies / D.Ed.(Psychology of Education)

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the interventions used by the South African Breweries (SAB) KickStart Programme to establish and grow entrepreneurial small businesses among young South Africans. South Africa has an extremely high unemployment rate, low economic growth and a dismal Total (early-stage) Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA). With regard to established businesses (older than three-and-a-half years), the GEM report of 2005 ranked South Africa the lowest of all the countries surveyed. The SAB KickStart Programme comprises five phases: an awareness campaign, recruitment and training, a business plan competition for grants, success enhancement and national awards. The following interventions form part of the programme: the General Enterprising Tendency (GET) test; two-week live-in business management training; funding and mentoring; and a national competition for prize money. At every stage, adjudication is based on business plans and presentations. The evaluation of the effectiveness of an existing entrepreneurship programme, the SAB KickStart Programme, has several advantages, in so far as it determines whether the programme does indeed attain its objectives, and could help to improve the structuring of such programmes for future use by other corporations in South Africa. The population for the study comprised all the participants of the SAB KickStart Programme, from 2001 to 2006. A questionnaire was developed and a response rate of 28.5% was realised. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to the turnover and percentage profit figures of respondents to investigate the significance of the type of SAB KickStart support afforded. The results were confirmed by the Bonferroni multiple comparison of means test. The deduction is that funding and mentoring, after training, adds value to the programme. Eighty per cent of the SAB KickStarters were still operating their initial businesses, which they owned when they started on the programme, while a further six per cent had started another business, hence a "failure" rate of only 14 per cent. Many other meaningful findings emerged. In conclusion, it can be said that the SAB KickStart Programme adds value and advances entrepreneurship, and could possibly be applied by other large institutions in South Africa In conclusion, it can be said that the SAB KickStart programme adds value and advances entrepreneurship, and can be elevated to other large institutions in South Africa. / Business Management / D.Comm. (Business Management)

This master‘s thesis describes the process associated with financial benefit from ESF. It includes the feasibility study concept and the barriers to realization of project. The feasibility study is integral part of appeal for financial benefit from ESF.

This study was devoted to researching the effectiveness of e-learning, in terms of the reported experiences of the Language Services section employees in Parliament RSA. At present, the internet is seen as a successful and influential educational tool in both academic and corporate institutions. Academically, it has been adopted for e-learning methods of teaching and learning. It is perceived as a cost-effective method of providing lifelong education. It is important to know about the pros and cons of e-learning in adult education and compare them with the experiences of the people who are and have been engaged in adult education. To create an adult education skills development framework that can be used successfully in e-learning, it is important to get information about and from the people concerned regarding their learning experiences. To understand more about the influence of e-learning, this study administered a questionnaire to the employees of the Language Services Section of Parliament who participated in the pilot learning programmes offered by Parliament. The questionnaire was designed to gather structured responses from the participants in the inquiry. The results were studied and applied to draw recommendations for what can be improved in the programme to promote and endorse continuing learning experiences as is the aim of the in-house programme offered by Parliament. The study also has relevance in terms of a discussion of issues that arise in the literature on adult education, which were located as part of the study. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Adult Education)

All adolescents are vulnerable to get involved in risky sexual behavior but the adolescent in a children’s home is more vulnerable due to excessive pressure from the peer group, dysfunctional family involvement and the high occurrence of sexual abuse. A high number of children in children’s homes were exposed to serious trauma before being admitted to a children’s home and this influences their view of the world and the frame of reference through which problems and challenges are approached. In the children’s home sex education form part of lifeskills programmes that are presented by the social workers. Lifeskills programmes are usually presented to groups and sex education includes information on reproduction and sexually transmitted diseases. The sex education programmes presented by the children’s home and schools do not seem to change the adolescent’s attitude and behavior in terms of sexual aspects. It is necessary to take the adolescent’s needs in terms of sex education into consideration since the adolescent’s search for independence also creates a need to be able to have input in decisions that influences her life. The goal of this research project was to determine the needs of adolescent girls in a children’s home regarding sex education. To achieve this goal a thorough literature study was performed with regard to the developmental needs of adolescents and specifically the developmental needs of adolescents in a children’s home. An investigation was also done on the history of sex education in South Africa and the need for sex education today. The current programmes and sources regarding sex education in South Africa were investigated and information was obtained on the sex education of the child in the children’s home. The researcher attempted to fill the gaps in the literature regarding the needs of adolescents regarding sex education by means of an empirical study. Qualitative information collection techniques were used, namely semi-structured interviews. The empirical study took the form of one-on-one interviews with the assistance of a semi-structured interview schedule with 11 adolescent girls in a children’s home. The respondents were selected by using purposive sampling. The collective case study was utilised as the research strategy since the study focused on understanding a specific social issue (sex education) in a specific population (adolescent girls in the Abraham Kriel Maria Kloppers Children’s Home). Through this the researcher came to the conclusion that adolescent girls in a children’s home have many needs regarding sex education and these needs were identified. Recommendations were made with reference to the conclusions formed that would enable professionals to develop programmes on sex education that are based on the needs of adolescent girls in a children’s home. / Dissertation (MSD (Play Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work and Criminology / MSD (Play Therapy) / unrestricted

Le discours tenu aux enfants dans le cours de religion à l'école au Québec du milieu du XIXe siècle aux années 1960 réserve une place importante au thème de la mort Le message va plus loin que l'exposé doctrinal pour rejoindre l'élève dans son vécu, le préparant ainsi à faire face au décès d'un proche ainsi qu'à la perspective de sa propre mort. L'organisation du discours révèle deux types de pédagogie employées à cette occasion. La menace d'une condamnation à l'enfer et le risque d'un décès prochain veulent inciter les jeunes fidèles à respecter quotidiennement les préceptes d'une bonne vie chrétienne. En contrepartie, la promesse du paradis, la chance de rédemption offerte par le purgatoire ainsi que les gestes pieux proposés pour aider au salut de l'âme se veulent plus sécurisants, promettant une protection particulière aux bons chrétiens à cette heure critique. C'est donc dire que loin d'être occulté auprès des enfants, le thème de la mort fait plutôt l'objet d'un discours complexe les préparant à faire face à un tel événement / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2013

Le but de ce mémoire est d’établir le profil de rémunération des diplômés de maîtrise en économique de l’université Laval et de calculer les rendements associés à l’obtention de ce diplôme. La méthodologie utilisée est identique à celle adoptée par Vaillancourt et Ebrahimi (2010) et Stark (2007). Elle combine l’analyse coût-bénéfice de Becker (1960) et l’analyse par l’estimation du modèle économétrique de Mincer (1974). Nous avons ainsi calculé le rendement de la maîtrise par rapport au baccalauréat en économique d’abord pour l’individu et ensuite pour la société. Le calcul a été fait d’abord de façon générale puis suivant le sexe et le secteur d’activité des diplômés. La base de données que nous utilisons provient de l’enquête réalisée en 2014 par le service de placement de l’université Laval(SPLA) en collaboration avec le département d’économique auprès des diplômés. Nos résultats montrent que le principal employeur des diplômés du département est le secteur public incluant la fonction publique fédérale, la fonction publique provinciale, la fonction publique municipale et l’enseignement. La majorité des diplômés sont de sexe masculin. Le revenu des hommes reste plus élevé que celui des femmes et le revenu des travailleurs du secteur privé plus élevé que celui des travailleurs du public. Par ailleurs, les résultats suggèrent que l’investissement permettant le passage du baccalauréat à la maîtrise est rentable à la fois pour l’individu et pour la société. En effet, le rendement privé moyen est de 5:3% et le rendement social moyen est de 3:7%. Le rendement privé des hommes est de 5:3% et celui des femmes est de 5:4%. Le rendement privé des travailleurs du secteur privé est de 5:3% et celui des travailleurs du secteur public est de 5:4%. Les résultats correspondants, au niveau du rendement social, sont de 3:8%, 3:5%, 3:8% et 3:6% respectivement pour les hommes, les femmes, les travailleurs du privé et les travailleurs du public. On remarque ainsi que le rendement social est généralement inférieur au rendement privé, le rendement privé des femmes supérieur à celui des hommes et le rendement privé dans le secteur public est plus grand qu’au privé. Mais les différences observées à la fois entre les sexes et entre le type d’employeur sont de faible magnitude. Les conclusions qualitatives que nous tirons vont dans le même sens que celles de Vaillancourt et Ebrahimi (2010) et Stark (2007) même si les chiffres sont sensiblement différents. / The purpose of this paper is to establish the Laval University Master graduates in economic’s earnings profile and calculate the returns associated with this diploma. The methodology used is identical to that used by Vaillancourt et Ebrahimi (2010) and Stark (2007). It combines the cost-benefit analysis of Becker (1960) and analysis by estimating the Mincer (1974) econometric model . We have calculated the return of master over the Bachelor in Economic firstly for the individual and then for the society. The calculation was first made generally and then by gender and type of employer of graduates. The database we use comes from the survey conducted in 2014 among graduates of the Economics Department by the Laval University placement service(SPLA) in collaboration with the department of economics. Our results show that the major employer of graduates of the department is the public sector including the federal public service, the provincial public service, the municipal public service, teaching. The majority of the graduates is male. The income of men is still higher than that of women and income of private sector workers are higher than those in public workers. Furthermore, the results suggest that the investment for the passage from bachelor to master is profitable both for the individual and for society. Indeed, the average private return is 5:3% and the average social return is 3:7%. The private return for males is 5:3% and women is 5:4%. The private return of private sector workers is 5:3% and that of public sector workers is 5:4%. The results corresponding to social performance are 3:7%, 3:5%, 3:8% and 3:6%, respectively, for men, women, workers in the private and public workers. We note as well as the social return is usually less than the private return, the private return of women exceeds that of men and the private performance in the public sector is larger than private. But the differences both between the sexes and the type of employer are of low magnitude. The qualitative conclusions we draw are going in the same direction as those of Vaillancourt et Ebrahimi (2010) and Stark (2007).

Réalisée dans le cadre de la recherche multidisciplinaire sur l’histoire de l’enseignement religieux de la Faculté de théologie et de sciences religieuses de l’Université Laval, cette thèse porte sur l’enseignement catholique au Québec : du rapport Parent (1963) jusqu’aux États généraux sur l’éducation (1996). À partir des écrits officiels produits au cours de cette période, on y traite de l’enseignement religieux catholique dispensé au niveau primaire dans le système scolaire public québécois. De façon plus précise encore, on y identifie les autorités qui se définissent comme responsables de cet enseignement entre 1963 et 1996, on y suit les stratégies et les enjeux d’autorité qui vont s’opérer à cet égard pour prendre la mesure des déplacements qui caractérisent alors cette réalité sur les plans de sa gestion, de ses orientations et de ses productions. Cette thèse recoupe une importante page de l’histoire contemporaine du Québec. Elle intéressera aussi bien les professionnels de l’histoire, de la sociologie, de la théologie, de l’éducation que les instances politiques et ecclésiastiques.

Ce mémoire porte sur l'éducation morale et religieuse proposée aux adolescents à l'école publique québécoise entre 1929 et 1958. Durant cette période, au fur et à mesure que se structure le primaire supérieur, les objectifs de l'enseignement religieux et moral se précisent davantage et expriment la volonté de dépasser l'instruction au profit de l'éducation. Des efforts pédagogiques et méthodologiques sont déployés dans l'optique de renouveler l'enseignement de la religion et de la morale et mieux l'adapter aux caractéristiques de l'adolescence. De fait, l'analyse du contenu des manuels scolaires de religion et de morale révèle un portrait de l'adolescence qui se précise et qui en vient au cours des années 1950 à s'adresser spécifiquement aux garçons. Ensuite, nous observons que les adolescents sont conviés à participer activement à l'affirmation d'une culture moderne catholique, notamment en favorisant le développement de leur responsabilité personnelle et de leur engagement à l'égard de la foi. En outre, la mise en application de ce modèle éducatif intégral dans les écoles secondaires publiques nous permettra de porter un regard critique sur les exigences formulées par la religion et la morale catholique à l'endroit des adolescents.