174 f. / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-08-20T15:49:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de doutorado - Ingrid - VERSÃO FINAL - UFBA.pdf: 5563445 bytes, checksum: 8345d9745885c1103c219247c69338fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Hilda Fonseca(anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-08-20T15:51:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de doutorado - Ingrid - VERSÃO FINAL - UFBA.pdf: 5563445 bytes, checksum: 8345d9745885c1103c219247c69338fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-20T15:51:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de doutorado - Ingrid - VERSÃO FINAL - UFBA.pdf: 5563445 bytes, checksum: 8345d9745885c1103c219247c69338fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / O rincoforol (2-metil-5(E)hepteno-4-ol) é o maior constituinte do feromônio de agregação do macho do Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidade), um besouro que ataca diversas espécies de palmeiras e é o principal vetor do nematódeo Bursaphelenchus cocophylus, agente causador da doença do anel vermelho.No Brasil, esse besouro ataca principalmente o coqueiro e o dendezeiro, culturas de grande relevância econômica para o país. Esse feromônio vem sendo utilizado em iscas do tipo eppendorf com um orifício na tampa para controlar a população do besouro. Esse dispositivo facilita a liberação lenta quando comparada à evaporação direta do estado líquido. No entanto, a validade dessas iscas depende da velocidade de evaporação do rincoforol através do dispositivo, que libera quantidade excessiva do feromônio. Com o objetivo de prolongar o tempo de liberação do rincoforol, diferentes zeólitos foram sintetizados, caracterizados e avaliados em relação à sua utilização como adsorvente para o rincoforol. Para isso, a influência de variáveis como: estrutura do zeólito, razão Si/Al, natureza do cátion de compensação, dimensão de poros e acidez foi verificada para o processo de adsorção. Devido à falta de informações referente à estabilidade do rincoforol, foi realizado um estudo termogravimétrico sobre seu comportamento térmico. Estudos de recuperação demonstraram que houve interação entre o rincoforol e os zeólitos ZSM-5 e MCM-22 nas diferentes razões Si/Al, resultando na degradação do feromônio, inviabilizando seu uso como suporte para liberação prolongada. Os materiais silicalita-1, zeólito Y e zeólito L apresentaram bons resultados de recuperação e a liberação do rincoforol a partir desses materiais foi medida em uma termobalança em condição isotérmica. Resultados promissores foram observados quando a velocidade de liberação obtida a partir dos zeólitos foi comparada com o rincoforol comercial. Assim, os estudos realizados nesse trabalho permitiu selecionar zeólitos com grande potencial comercial como dispositivo liberador do rincoforol por um período prolongado. / Salvador

Submitted by RANIELLE DE OLIVEIRA SILVA null (ranielleborges@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-14T16:20:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertaçãoMestrado_Ranielle_Silva 2.pdf: 11995453 bytes, checksum: abf2ac6021bf67009b8af99fe28a0026 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-16T14:40:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ro_me_araiq_par.pdf: 1314893 bytes, checksum: 9254863d01a93bf48fa2f06ae37a9209 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-16T14:40:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ro_me_araiq_par.pdf: 1314893 bytes, checksum: 9254863d01a93bf48fa2f06ae37a9209 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-09 / Híbridos Siloxano-PPO obtidos pela síntese sol-gel foram utilizados como matrizes carreadoras do fármaco cloridrato de propranolol com interesse de se aumentar a disponibilidade do fármaco em meio aquoso. Foram preparados amostras contendo teores de 5 e 30% do fármaco. A eficiência na formação da rede híbrida foi confirmada por análises FTIR, RMN e SAXS. A cinética de liberação mostrou que ela ocorre de forma prolongada (superior a 1200 h) com regimes intermitentes de aceleração e desaceleração da taxa de liberação. Foram aplicados ajustes matemáticos a cada regime utilizando a equação de Korsmayer-Peppas que demonstraram que a saída do fármaco ocorre por diferentes mecanismos. Observou-se que o acesso da água na amostra durante a liberação não é homogêneo, mas sim gradual da superfície ao centro. Devido a esses fenômenos as caracterizações foram feitas em diferentes regiões da amostra (periferia e centro) e em diferentes períodos da liberação, visando acompanhar a difusão da água para o interior da amostra e a cinética de saída do fármaco. As análises estruturais de DRX e as térmicas por TGA e DSC mostraram que o fármaco é incorporado na matriz híbrida na forma solubilizada e na forma cristalina. As medias realizadas em função do tempo mostraram que a velocidade de saída do fármaco e de entrada da água na matriz híbrida é maior na superfície em relação ao volume, confirmando o acesso gradual da água. Essas análises indicam a correlação entre as fases cristalina do fármaco com os primeiros regimes e da parte solubilizada com a liberação mais lenta. As medidas de DSC mostraram que o acesso da água em regiões mais internas da amostra resultaram no comportamento de confinamento da água, indicado pelo fenômeno de super congelamento. Foi detectado por medias de SAXS a existência de espalhadores secundários presentes em todas as amostras, inclusive nas matrizes híbridas sem a adição de fármaco, que foram atribuídos a agregados formados por domínios com maior densidade de nanopartículas de sílica. A evolução no tamanho desses agregados foi correlacionada aos regimes de liberação. Conclui-se, que a cinética de liberação tem uma forte dependência da evolução da matriz híbrida causadas por mudanças estruturais favorecidas pela mobilidade da cadeia polimérica e pela interação do fármaco com a água. / Siloxane-PPO hybrids obtained by sol-gel synthesis have been used as drug delivery systems for propranolol hydrochloride with the intent to increase the drug availability in the aqueous medium. Samples with 5% and 30% of drug have been prepared. The efficiency related to the formation of the hybrid network has been confirmed by means of FTIR, RMN and SAXS analyses. The drug delivery kinetics showed that it occurs in a prolonged form (more that 1200h) with increasing and decreasing intermediate release rates. The Korsmayer-Peppas equation has been used for each release rate with mathematical adjustments that displayed how the drug release occurred through different mechanisms. It has been observed that the water intake inside the sample during the drug release was not homogeneous but gradual, from the surface to the centre. Due to these phenomena, the characterizations have been carried out in different regions of the samples (exterior and interior) and at different drug delivery periods, aiming at accompanying the water diffusion to the sample centre and the drug release kinetics. The XRD structural analyses and the thermal analyses by means of TGA and DSC showed that the drug is incorporated in the hybrid matrix in a solubilized form and in a crystalline form. The tests done as function of time displayed that the drug release velocity and water intake inside the hybrid matrix is greater at the surface in relation to its volume, confirming the gradual access of water. These analyses point to the correlation between the drug crystalline phase with the first release regimes and between the solubilized form with the slower release. The DSC tests showed that the water intake inside more internal regions of the sample resulted in the water confinement, demonstrated by the super-cooling phenomenon. By means of SAXS, the existence in all the samples, including those without drug, of secondary scatterings has been observed and these have been attributed to aggregates formed by domains with a higher silica nanoparticle density. The size evolution of these aggregates has been correlated to the drug release regimes. It has been concluded that the drug release kinetics has a strong dependence with the hybrid matrix evolution caused by structural changes facilitated by polymer chain mobility and by drug/water interaction.

abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of two novel intermittent exercise prescriptions on glucose regulation and ambulatory blood pressure. Methods: Ten subjects (5 men and 5 women, ages 31.5 &plusmn; 5.42 yr, height 170.38 &plusmn; 9.69 cm and weight 88.59 &plusmn; 18.91 kg) participated in this four-treatment crossover trial. All subjects participated in four trials, each taking place over three days. On the evening of the first day, subjects were fitted with a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). On the second day, subjects were fitted with an ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABP) and underwent one of the following four conditions in a randomized order: 1) 30-min: 30 minutes of continuous exercise at 60 - 70% VO2peak; 2) Mod 2-min: twenty-one 2-min bouts of walking at 3 mph performed once every 20 minutes; 3) HI 2-min: eight 2-min bouts of walking at maximal incline performed once every hour; 4) Control: a no exercise control condition. On the morning of the third day, the CGM and ABP devices were removed. All meals were standardized during the study visits. Linear mixed models were used to compare mean differences in glucose and blood pressure regulation between the four trials. Results: Glucose concentrations were significantly lower following the 30-min (91.1 &plusmn; 14.9 mg/dl), Mod 2-min (93.7 &plusmn; 19.8 mg/dl) and HI 2-min (96.1 &plusmn; 16.4 mg/dl) trials as compared to the Control (101.1 &plusmn; 20 mg/dl) (P < 0.001 for all three comparisons). The 30-min trial was superior to the Mod 2-min, which was superior to the HI 2-min trial in lowering blood glucose levels (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003 respectively). Only the 30-min trial was effective in lowering systolic ABP (124 &plusmn; 12 mmHg) as compared to the Control trial (127 &plusmn; 14 mmHg; P < 0.001) for up to 11 hours post exercise. Conclusion: Performing frequent short (i.e., 2 minutes) bouts of moderate or high intensity exercise may be a viable alternative to traditional continuous exercise in improving glucose regulation. However, 2-min bouts of exercise are not effective in reducing ambulatory blood pressure in healthy adults. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Physical Activity, Nutrition and Wellness 2013

Foram produzidos comprimidos de liberação prolongada de teofilina baseados em matrizes hidrofílicas de misturas de hidroxipropilmetilcelulose e etilcelulose e polietilenoglicol. O planejamento estatístico de mistura Design Expert® foi empregado na seleção da composição do sistema de controle da liberação e, numa segunda fase, para otimização das formulações de comprimidos. Foram produzidas 26 formulações por compressão direta e as características físico-químicas dos comprimidos como peso médio, friabilidade, dureza e teor de fármaco foram determinadas. A porcentagem de teofilina liberada foi avaliada conforme o método da Farmacopéia Americana 30 ed. (2007), para cápsulas de liberação prolongada (Teste 10 - pá), por um período de 8 horas. Conforme as farmacopéicas os comprimidos produzidos apresentaram características físico-químicas de acordo com as especificações, com exceção das formulações 2 e 3, para o teste de friabilidade, cujos valores foram superiores. Entretanto, quanto ao ensaio de dissolução, a formulação 13, constituída por 30% de etilcelulose, atendeu aos valores preconizados para liberação prolongada de teofilina. As respostas obtidas dos experimentos foram introduzidas no programa Design Expert® que gerou superfícies de respostas nas quais foi possível avaliar a influência da composição nos parâmetros friabilidade e porcentagem de teofilina liberada na dissolução. Dessa forma, foi possível obter 3 formulações com etilcelulose (13,50% a 15,90%), metilcelulose tipo E4MCR (6,90% a 8,10%) e metilcelulose tipo K4MPRCR (0,30% a 0,60%), com as características desejadas empregando o planejamento estatístico de mistura, com o número mínimo de experimentos sem a necessidade de estudar todas as possíveis combinações experimentais, abreviando o trabalho com ganho de tempo. Os resultados encontrados para friabilidade e dissolução nas formulações otimizadas foram próximos dos previstos pela análise de regressão e dentro dos valores especificados na Farmacopéia Americana 30 ed. 2007. / Controlled release dosage forms of theophylline were prepared with hidrophyllic matrix using polymers as hydroxy-methyl-cellulose, hydroxy-ethyl-cellulose and polyethylenglycol. The program Design Expert® was used to select polymers composition and at the second moment, to optimized tablets formulations. It was obtained 26 formulations by direct compression that physical-chemical characteristics of tablets as weight deviation, friability, hardness and drug dosage were performed. Dissolution rate of these tablets were controlled by United States Pharmacopeia 30 ed. Test for theophylline extended-release capsules (test 10 - paddle) corresponding to 8 hours of experiment. The evaluation indicates that tablets produced were in accordance with Brazilian Pharmacopoeia 4 ed., and United States Pharmacopoeia 30 ed., except for formulations 2 and 3 that the values for friability were low. And about dissolution rate of these tablets only formulation 13 applied to preconized value for dissolution method for theophylline extendedrelease capsules. Design Expert® was fed with the results obtained from experiments that showed surface result after that it were possible to analyze the influence of the composition of components on the friability and dissolution rate of theophylline parameters. Considering the specifications, 3 formulations were obtained and were analyzed. The results obtained were close to results predicted for regression analysis and in accordance with Brazilian Pharmacopoeia 4 ed., and United States Pharmacopoeia 30 ed. The proposed experimental Design Expert® program strategy should allow a rapid evaluation and identification of the parameters important in determining the drug release rate from matrix tablets, providing a powerful support for their rational selection during preformulation studies and thus shortening the time necessary for the development of effective dosage forms with the desired drug release behavior.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Consultant: doc. RNDr. Milan Dittrich, CSc. Student: Marie Křivková Title of Thesis: Modification of parameters of nanoparticles prepared from aliphatic hydroxyacids polyesters Polyesters of aliphatic α-hydroxyacids are mentioned in the theoretical part. A significant part of it is mostly devoted to the polyester PLGA. Physicochemical properties, the process of biodegradation and biodistribution are described there. Subsequently, some examples of PLGA utilization in pharmacy and medicine are mentioned. The theoretical part deals also with the method of diffusion used for nanoparticles preparation, which was used in the experimental part, and the principles of size and surface charge measurements of these nanoparticles. The crucial part of this master thesis is based upon an experiment. It is focused on various approaches to the formulation of nanoparticles out of aliphatic polyester carriers with variable molecular constitution. Polymer PLGA with linear molecule and polymers containing PLGA branched on tripentaerythritol and polyacrylic acid were used. Using the diffusion method, nanoparticles were prepared out of these carriers. The outer water-based phase was modified by use of cetrimide of different...

Although the suppressive effect of the medial olivocochlear system (MOCS) on peripheral auditory active mechanisms is well documented in humans, the effect of efferent inhibition over prolonged periods of acoustic stimulation is less well documented, especially as observed in suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE’s). The present study therefore evaluated the relationship between the duration of contralateral acoustic stimulation and the suppression of TEOAE’s in ten adults with normal hearing. TEOAE recordings with linear clicks (60 dB sound pressure level) were measured at four intervals during 15 minutes of continuous contralateral white noise (45 dB sound pressure level), followed by two post-noise recordings. An identical within-subject control condition was recorded without contralateral noise. Experimental and control measurements were repeated three times, on separate days. Results revealed significant and sustained TEOAE amplitude reduction for the entire duration of contralateral stimulation. Suppression increased across the duration of contralateral noise, but not sufficiently to be statistically significant. After noise termination, TEOAE amplitudes increased to values significantly above control recordings. The sustained suppression of TEOAE’s indicates continuous efferent inhibition over time in normal adults, with a significant increase in TEOAE amplitude after noise cessation possibly indicating increased outer hair cell responsiveness after prolonged contralateral noise. / Dissertation (MCommunication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / Unrestricted

Recent research has proposed a new stage in human development, termed emerging adulthood by Jeffrey Arnett, which is characterized by a prolonged journey to adult roles and responsibilities. This thesis explores the experience of Chinese emerging adults, university students aged 20-25 years using Erikson’s and Levinson’s developmental theories as a theoretical framework. These authors proposed that three major developmental tasks are necessary for the transition to adulthood: separating from family of origin, forming an adult identity and finding the place for the self in the larger society. Qualitative interviews were conducted virtually with 12 Chinese university students to understand their perceptions and lived experience. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview transcripts. The results suggest Chinese emerging adults (a) have a low level of separation from parents; (b) have not formed a clear sense of identity and have not achieved a self-definition in adulthood; and (c) have not made initial commitments to love and work. It is speculated that the Chinese sociocultural context may further postpone its young adults’ independence and autonomy, and this prolonged transition to adulthood is both positive and problematic to Chinese young adults. This study lends support to Arnett’s emerging adulthood theory through its exploration of emerging adulthood in China, where, to date, little research has been done on this subject. It provides rich descriptions of the experience of Chinese emerging adults’ lives and enhances understandings of the role of culture in influencing the emerging adulthood period.

Tio psykodynamiskt inriktade legitimerade psykoterapeuter har intervjuats i syfte att undersöka vilka faktorer som bidrar till att komplicerad sorg utvecklas och vilka psykoterapeutiska interventioner som är hjälpsamma vid komplicerad sorg. I en tematisk analys framkom att komplicerad sorg innebär att den rörelse som finns i en normal sorgeprocess stannat upp och att de interventioner som terapeuterna beskriver syftar till att få igång en rörelse igen och som i sin tur leder till integrering av den som man förlorat, av den händelse man varit med om samt att ny mening och ny identitet skapas av detta. Resultatet visar att centrala interventioner är realitetsanpassning och acceptans, symbolisering och få ihop sin berättelse, att pendla mellan att vara i sorgen och i det funktionella, psykoedukation och normalisering samt den terapeutiska hållningen. Studiens resultat diskuteras i relation till den litteratur och forskning som inledningsvis beskrivs.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23467号 / 医博第4774号 / 新制||医||1053(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 森信 暁雄, 教授 上野 英樹, 教授 小柳 義夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Bakgrund: Endometrios är en sjukdom som innebär att fragment som finns innanför livmoder, fäster på andra vävnader i kroppen. Detta orsakar komplikationer som innefattar smärta. På grund av okunskap och brist på fakta kring endometrios som sjukdom samt hur det uppkommer, har det därför inte hittats något botemedel än. Syfte: Var att belysa omvårdnadsbehoven vid smärtproblematik hos kvinnor med endometrios. Metod: Genom empiriska vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Resultat: Resultatet byggde på 10 utvalda vetenskapliga artiklar där alla besvarade  litteraturstudiens syfte. Resultatet delades in i 5 olika teman, Den kroppsliga smärtan, Sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsansvar, Väntan på en diagnos, Rädsla och  förtvivlan - en del av smärtan samt Relationer i det sociala livet. Fynden visade på att kvinnor med endometrios upplevde sämre livskvalite då de ständig mötte begränsningar i det vardagliga livet. Smärtan var det främsta symtomet som sjukdomen uppvisade, men var även det som skapade lidande i flera dimensioner. Kvinnorna utvecklade olika copingstrategier som fungerade bäst för de och betonade därför att de främst behövde mer kunskap, utbildning och hjälpmedel av vårdpersonal om sin sjukdom för att lättare kunna hantera den. Slutsats:  För att det ska vara möjligt för vårdpersonal och främst sjuksköterskan att ge råd och stöd, behövs ökad kunskap och utbildning om endometrios samt hur sjukdomen påverkar kvinnors livskvalite. I sin tur skulle det även innebära förkortade väntetider för att få hjälp och en diagnos. / Background: Endometriosis is a disease in which fragments found inside the uterus attach to other tissues in the body. This causes complications that include pain. Due to ignorance and lack of knowledge about endometriosis as a disease and how it arises, no cure has therefore been found yet. Aim: To shed light on the nursing needs for pain problems in women with endometriosis. Method: Through empirical scientific articles with a qualitative approach. Results: The results were based on 10 selected scientific articles, all of which answered the purpose of the literature study. The results were divided into 5 different themes, The physical pain, The nurse's nursing responsibility, Waiting for a diagnosis, Fear and despair - part of the pain and Relationships in social life. The findings showed that women with endometriosis experienced poorer quality of life as they constantly faced limitations in everyday life. The pain was the main symptom that the disease showed, but was also what created suffering in several dimensions. The women developed different coping strategies that worked best for them and therefore emphasized that they mainly needed more knowledge, training and aids from healthcare professionals about their illness in order to be able to handle it more easily. Conclusion: In order for it to be possible for care staff and especially the nurse to provide advice and support, increased knowledge and education about endometriosis and how the disease affects women's quality of life is needed. In turn, this would also mean shortened waiting times to get help and a diagnosis.