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11	Pojem a druhy směnek / The concept and types of bill of exchange Čeřovská, Jitka January 2015 (has links) - The concept and types of bill of exchange The topic of this thesis is "The concept and types of bill of exchange". The reason for choosing this topic has been my interest in bill of exchange law, which was awaken by my own experience with a bill of exchange on one hand and by the gripping seminars of subject called "Bills of Exchanges", which is taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Charles University in Prague, on the other hand. The aim of the thesis is to characterize the bill of exchange and promissory note, to define their basic characteristics, to explain, what kind of them exist and to analyze their basic requirements. The thesis is composed of six chapters. The first chapter discusses the history of bill of exchange and promissory note. It is divided into three sections that deal with the origin and both national and international development of bill of exchange law. The second chapter is devoted to the current legislation of bill of exchange law. It introduces the sources of bill of exchange law and relations between them and the most specific characteristics of the bill of exchange law, which is rigor cambialis. The third chapter, which consists of three sections, defines the concept of bill of exchange and promissory note, provides a list of their features and the most...
12	Užití směnek v praxi / Bills of exchange and promissory notes in practice Průchová, Vlasta January 2009 (has links) The graduation thesis deals with bills of exchange/promissory notes with the focus on their present possibilities of use. Thus, the thesis combines the legal point of view with the practical point of view. First part of the thesis provides basic information about bills of exchange/promissory notes and their specific qualities. Furthermore, this part concerns about declarations made on them such as acceptance, aval and endorsement. The second part focuses on economic importance of bills of exchange/promissory notes and reveals different functions bills of exchange/promissory notes can have. At the end there is an overview summing up both parts.
13	Cenné papíry s důrazem na směnku jako důležitý nástroj obchodních závazkových vztahů / Securities with a focus on bills of exchange and promissory notes as important tools in business obligations Chlpeková, Veronika January 2011 (has links) in English Securities with a focus of bills of exchange and promissory notes as important tools in business obligations The institute of securities accompanies the society for many centuries and has become an indispensable part of economic life. Although, with few exceptions represented apparently only by Slovak and Swiss legal order, there is no general definition of concept of security, it does not hinder to define its characteristics, which are the instrument, respectively any material substrate able to capture a written declaration of will and incorporated subjective property right originating in the private area. Of the above may be deduced the close connection between right and document, which is it's materialization. In connection with the development of social needs, especially in the area of trade, disadvantages of document that was originally considered as a necessary condition of the existence of a valid security, appeared. As a result, the process of dematerialisation of securities started and the document has been replaced by the entry in the register of securities. Nowadays, therefore, the securities may exist both in paper and in book entry form, what undoubtedly facilitate the implementation of some complicated business transactions. The presented thesis combines the interpretation...
14	Blankosměnka / Blank Note Fojtů, Dominik January 2013 (has links) - Blank Note This thesis deals with blank note (incomplete instrument) as a particular subset of promissory notes/bills of exchange. It is comprised of a brief introduction on history of securities followed by a summarization of development of prommisory note, including its legislative history in the Czech Republic. International conferences aiming to unify the subject matter are also considered. The main body of the text aims to define the incomplete instrument; the definitions itself subsequently subdivided to provide comprehensive description of form, minimal content of the instrument, demands placed on signature and on the intent of parties to create an inchoate note. A whole individual chapter investigates one of the crucial elements typical of incomplete instrument, which is authority to fill in empty spots as given by the signee to a holder. Thus, its goal is to illustrate its nature and the ways it can originate and terminate. It being the crucial issue of many litigations concerning a once incomplete promissory note, particular attention is given to termination of such authority while the largest part of this chapter looks at application of licence to fill in violation of the authority given. In this context, a brief description of possible penal repercussions follows. The thesis also...
15	Trade in Mesopotamia from the early dynastic period to the early Achaemenid period with emphasis on the finance of such trade Hay, Francis Anthony Mirko 01 1900 (has links) This dissertation considered trade and trade finance in Mesopotamia over a period of 2000 years commencing with Sumeria and ending with Achaemenid Persia, taking in Ur III and Assyria. A range of financial instruments was selected together with important business transactions, for instance, agricultural finance, specifically the brewing industry and the working capital requirements of merchants and money lenders. The role of women in private enterprise was examined, including their role in retail finance. The great estates of temple and palace had a substantial impact on finance and trade throughout the periods. Their interaction with merchants and money lenders was important to the study. I used reductionism to facilitate analysis of complex products highlighting the essentials of finance namely, borrowing, lending and return. The study concludes that, during the era under consideration, the evolution and enhancement of the financial instruments and products developed in self-generated, incremental and progressive steps. / Biblical & Ancient Studies / M.A. (Ancient Near East Studies) Achaemenid Persia Antichretic Assyria Babylon Brewing Bronze Age Economy Finance Lending Loan Merchant Negotiable Mesopotamia Money Money lender Palace Promissory note Rate of interest Temple Trade Trade finance Women in finance 382.0935 Commerce, Prehistoric -- Iraq Economics, Prehistoric -- Iraq Finance -- Iraq Iraq -- Antiquities Iraq -- Civilization -- To 634 Bronze age -- Iraq
16	Trade in Mesopotamia from the early dynastic period to the early Achaemenid period with emphasis on the finance of such trade Hay, Francis Anthony Mirko 01 1900 (has links) This dissertation considered trade and trade finance in Mesopotamia over a period of 2000 years commencing with Sumeria and ending with Achaemenid Persia, taking in Ur III and Assyria. A range of financial instruments was selected together with important business transactions, for instance, agricultural finance, specifically the brewing industry and the working capital requirements of merchants and money lenders. The role of women in private enterprise was examined, including their role in retail finance. The great estates of temple and palace had a substantial impact on finance and trade throughout the periods. Their interaction with merchants and money lenders was important to the study. I used reductionism to facilitate analysis of complex products highlighting the essentials of finance namely, borrowing, lending and return. The study concludes that, during the era under consideration, the evolution and enhancement of the financial instruments and products developed in self-generated, incremental and progressive steps. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M.A. (Ancient Near East Studies) Achaemenid Persia Antichretic Assyria Babylon Brewing Bronze Age Economy Finance Lending Loan Merchant Negotiable Mesopotamia Money Money lender Palace Promissory note Rate of interest Temple Trade Trade finance Women in finance 382.0935 Commerce, Prehistoric -- Iraq Economics, Prehistoric -- Iraq Finance -- Iraq Iraq -- Antiquities Iraq -- Civilization -- To 634 Bronze age -- Iraq
17	Les promesses de payer : essai de théorie générale / Promises to pay : essay of a general theory Stanczak, Romain 03 November 2015 (has links) Les promesses de payer sont des contrats par lesquels une personne s’engage envers un créancier à payer ce qui lui est dû. De tels actes sont courants ; leurs applications sont variées. Le cautionnement, l’acceptation d’une lettre de change, la promesse d’exécuter une obligation naturelle, l’engagement du délégué envers le délégataire, le constitut, la garantie autonome, la souscription d’un billet à ordre, etc., sont des promesses de payer. Plus précisément, ces actes sont des applications diverses d’une même figure juridique : la promesse de payer. Cette dernière, déshabillée des particularités propres à chacune de ses applications spéciales, se présente comme une figure juridique unitaire, pourvue d’une nature et de caractères permanents. Ayant pour objet un paiement, elle suppose toujours l’existence d’une dette à acquitter. Cette dette, ou « obligation principale », constitue sa cause objective. Contrairement à une simple reconnaissance de dette, la promesse ne se borne pas à déclarer l’existence de celle-ci. En tant qu’engagement d’exécution, elle donne naissance à une nouvelle obligation, l’ « obligation de règlement », venant s’adjoindre à la première en vue de son paiement. L’obligation de règlement, à ce titre, constitue l’accessoire de l’obligation principale. Son régime, de sa naissance à son extinction, sera donc plus ou moins lié à celui de cette dernière. / Promises to pay are contracts by which a person commits to pay to a creditor what is owed to him. Such acts are as common as they are various. For instance, bond, acceptance of a bill of exchange, promise to perform a natural obligation, commitment of the delegate to the delegatee, autonomous guarantee, subscription of a promissory note, etc. are promises to pay. In fact, such acts are different applications of a single legal figure : the promise to pay. Apart from the specificities of each of its applications, the promise to pay reveals itself as a uniform legal act with a permanent nature. Because its subject consists in a payment, the promise to pay always presupposes the existence of a debt. Such debt, or “primary obligation”, is the “objective cause” of the promise. Unlike a simple “IOU”, a promise to pay is not limited to declare the existence of the primary obligation. As a commitment, it also produces a new obligation, the “obligation to pay”, which coexists with the primary obligation. The obligation to pay, as such, is ancillary to the primary obligation. Its legal status, from its birth to its expiration, will be closely linked to that of the primary obligation. Promesse Paiement Pacte constitutae pecuniae Accessoire Reconnaissance de dette Cautionnement Constitut Garantie autonome Obligation de règlement Obligation principale Obligation naturelle Délégation Lettre de change Chèque Billet à ordre Crédit documentaire Codébiteur solidaire Sûretés Promise Payment Pactum constitutae pecuniae Accessory “IOU” Bond Natural obligation First demand guarantee Obligation to pay Primary obligation Delegation Bill of exchange Promissory note Irrevocable documentary credit Joint and several debtor Securities 346

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